جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "توسعه شهر" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

Introduction :

Tabriz metropolis has abundant natural resources considering the successful development of tourism, climate diversity, and many natural and cultural attractions in tourism. However, it faces challenges for tourism development like challenges in the transportation sector, infrastructures, development of tourism capacity, protection of cultural heritage, nature, tourism marketing, local handicrafts, and environmental pollution management. The present research seeks to explain the place of tourism attractions in urban development plans and find the weak points of these plans in paying enough attention to tourism so that they can fully realize the capacities of urban tourism and create a link between urban development and tourism by better identifying tourism attractions. Cities with high tourism potential and the analysis of their evaluation criteria as well as the factors affecting the weakness of urban tourism in the urban studies of Tabriz metropolis, it is possible to achieve the real and legal position of the category of urban tourism in the process of planning and preparing urban development plans. According to the achievements of tourism in different dimensions and emphasis on new approaches in urban development plans, including revitalizing the potential of urban tourism, it is possible to contribute to the prosperity of this flow and create positive effects in the economic prosperity of the metropolis of Tabriz, because Iran always has historical monuments. It has long been considered one of the best tourist destinations, and Tabriz metropolis will not be an exception to this rule. The question of the current research is, what are the effective factors in the weakness of urban tourism in urban development plans in Tabriz metropolis?

According to the purpose of the research, the type of research is applied with a descriptive-analytical method. To carry out this research, the content of related documents (comprehensive, detailed, and urban master plans) of the studied cities was first examined. In terms of content, the structure of these plans and how they look at tourism were analyzed and the place of tourism in these plans was determined. Then, the statistical population, the sampling method (using the snowball sampling method), and the volume of the samples were determined. For this purpose, according to the theoretical foundations and background of the research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 specialists and experts, emphasizing an exploratory approach. In the next step, based on the identified factors, a questionnaire was designed based on the five-point Likert spectrum (very low, low, high, medium, and very high). Through this questionnaire, the weak factors of tourism in urban development projects in the target community were investigated. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, first several questionnaires were distributed to the statistical population and then the reliability of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach’s alpha test. Cronbach’s alpha test coefficient (0.811) shows that the results of this research will be reliable. After measuring the reliability, the questionnaire was distributed and collected among the samples. In the following, to identify the impact of tourism weakness factors in urban development plans, exploratory factor analysis was used to group these factors. Structural equation modeling has been used to analyze the data examine the relationship between the factors and determine the contribution of each of them. The structural equation model is a comprehensive statistical approach to test the relationships between observed variables and latent variables. This research utilized SPSS and AMOS to analyze the research data.

The analysis of structural equations showed that the first factor means an institution with a critical ratio of 4.894, the second factor means a structure with a critical ratio of 3.742, and the third factor means management with a critical ratio of 5.321, and the fourth factor means economic with a critical ratio of 3215, and the fifth main factor is social (with a critical ratio of 5.252, each with a significance level of less than 0.05 has a significant relationship with the weakness of tourism in the urban development plans of Tabriz city. Finally, among these five main factors, the management factor with the weight of the standard estimate 0.915, the most effective with its variables (incompleteness of the views of consulting engineers of urban development plans regarding tourism, lack of knowledge of city managers about the dimensions of the impact of tourism at the city level, lack of coordination of departmental plans with regional and regional development, lack of experience of the expert staff In urban planning, at the national macro decision-making level, there is a lack of specialist staff in urban planning and urban development in the country) in the field of tourism weakness, and after that, the social factor with a standard estimation weight of 0.899, the factor An institution with a standard estimation weight of 0.83 and a structural factor with a standard estimation weight of 0.782 and an economic factor with a standard estimation weight of 0.769 have the highest to lowest effect on the weakness of tourism in urban development plans in Tabriz. As a result, among the five main factors, the third factor, which was the management factor in this research, should be given more attention than other factors, so that the weaknesses of tourism are covered and improved.

As a result, it should be said that the management of the tourism industry is not only non-specialist and value-oriented management, but even with powerful, scientific, and economic-oriented management, one cannot have high expectations because issues such as the existence of networks of extra-legal power connections, inattention High-ranking officials and planners of the country, and last but not least, extremely weak budgets and facilities, and the lack of people’s participation in projects make any effort fail. In this regard, this article, with a fresh look at urban development plans, seeks a new review of these plans and their tourist-oriented structure by adding a heading called tourism.

Smart city is the use of governance based on information and communication technology and is now a widespread trend around the world. Using smart cities is expected to be more effective in managing complex, diverse urban problems resulting from rapid urbanization. However, in its implementation, many fundamental problems significantly affect the success of the implementation of smart cities, including the lack of adequate human resources, technology policies, etc. have not been effective. The purpose of this article is to analyze the nature of Tabriz city development based on smart city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey. The sample size is 25 experts in Tabriz urban affairs. Structural equations with Smart Pls software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that, among the studied indicators, the most impact on smart city development, related to the human resources index (H), e-government (G) and ICT (I) with the coefficients extracted based on the structural model, respectively. The research is 0.911, 0.812 and 0.781. It is also observed in the measurement model that the factor coefficient for each variable is higher than 0.50%. As a result, in order to achieve sustainable development of Tabriz based on the development of smart city, more attention should be paid to the human resources index and e-government.

Rural development is not separate from urban issues because many rural and agricultural services are located in urban centers. The purpose of this article is to review and present strategies for the development of the Songhor as a city supporting agricultural service. This research is placed in the group of qualitative and quantitative research in terms of practical purpose and in terms of framework. Data collection tools include document analysis, observation and questionnaire. The research is descriptive-survey from the point of view of the nature and method of data collection and is applied from the point of view of the goal. Sampling was done in a non-probability and intentional way, which is compatible with the purpose of the study. The validity of the content of the questionnaire was examined and confirmed by obtaining the opinions of specialists and experts; The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha) was obtained and confirmed as 0.983 using SPSS software. After determining the members of the list consisting of 26 experts, 3 Delphi steps were carried out. The method of data analysis in this research is the use of strategic factors analysis matrix. In this way, at the beginning, strategic factors were determined in the form of SWOT matrix, and finally, with the formation of QSPM matrix, the strategies of "Using branding capacity for economic development" with a total attractiveness score of 6.71, "Development of suburban communication network to get out of geographical isolation" and "Completing the production chain in the agriculture and animal husbandry sector" with a total attractiveness score of 6.39 and "Increasing incentives and creating attractions and investment platforms to attract investors and creating jobs in the private sector" with a total attractiveness score of 6.33 are introduced as the most important development strategies of the city of Songhor became

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the factors affecting the formation of strategic management in the efficiency of city development dimensions, which has investigated the relationships between the indicators that make up the strategic management process (formulation, implementation and evaluation of strategy) and the components of urban development dimensions. Descriptive research method - Correlation and the statistical population of the research is 322 people from all the citizens, managers and officials of the city of Isfahan city, who were selected using the multi-stage and simple random cluster sampling method. The data collection tool was two researcher-made questionnaires of strategic management and productivity components of urban development dimensions, and the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. Data analysis has been done with inferential statistics methods of regression, MANOVA and structural equation model. The findings show that the development, implementation and evaluation of the strategy has an effect on the sustainable environment and sustainable urban society (one of the productivity components of the city development dimensions), while it does not affect the sustainable urban life component. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between strategy formulation and evaluation with all the productivity components of urban development dimensions. Also, there is no significant relationship between the implementation of the strategy and all the productivity components of the urban development dimensions, and there is a positive and significant relationship between all three productivity components of the urban development dimensions and all the stages of the strategic management process.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between modernization and urban development policies in Mashhad. The research method in this study is qualitative (theme analysis) and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The statistical population of the study includes university professors, elites and specialists familiar with the field of modernization in Mashhad. Using purposive non-random sampling method and data adequacy and the principle of saturation, a total of 20 people were interviewed. Data were analyzed in three stages of open and axial and selective coding. The results show that before the revolution, the Western modernization style dominated the city and the Shah tried to implement the Western model in the city's development plans. After the Islamic Revolution, in the direction of urban development, direct and indirect intervention was made in the central part of Mashhad. But in the meantime, during the modernization of Mashhad in the post-Islamic Revolution, conflicts such as national and local conflict; The conflict between tradition and modernity and development without considering the principles of modernization has also emerged. The end result is the change of the city of Mashhad from a religious nature to a new modern city.

Urban development is one of the most important issues facing urban researchers due to population growth in urban areas. The aim of this research is to evaluate and analyze the changes in physical growth in Yazd city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and uses Landsat satellite imagery to study the growth and physical development of the studied area during the period between 1973 and 2016.The results showed that the city of Yazd began to expand in 1998 with growth of 63 per cent compared to the previous decade. This period coincided with the increase in population and urban expansion of services and were industries in the region in a way that attracts immigrants from other parts of the city. The first city to expand to the West and South-West and then along the communication route to the southeast, and finally the South. The most important limiting factors for growth of the city on the north side of sand dunes in the West and South-West there are some applications, such as industrial centers and factories and the airport, on the south side of the mountain and universities and in the South East and East there were agricultural land. At the moment, due to limiting factors in developing city in all directions vertical growth of the city is the best option

The increasing growth and expansion of cities under the influence of population growth and migration, has led to unplanned construction and many changes in the spatial structure, especially the physical development of cities in unfavorable places that require basic guidance and organization. In the present descriptive-analytical research, using Fuzzy ANP method, the development and growth of Yazd city has been evaluated. Using weighted overlap method in GIS the analysis of the development pattern and guiding urban growth has been done. To analyze the effective factors in the development model of urban area, first 7 main criteria (including environmental, economic, demographic, land and housing market, spatial-physical, government plans and policies, and access to public services) with 32 sub-criteria were determined for Yazd urban area by examining the internal and external sources. Then questionnaires were completed by 20 officials of relevant organizations. Using the Fuzzy ANP model, the coefficient of importance of each indicator was obtained and the most important factor in the development pattern of urban areas was determined. The results show that spatial-physical criteria with 0.170, and population with 0.158 have the highest and economic criteria with 0.052 and government plans and policies with 0.035 have the least impact on the growth and development of Yazd. Because region one in the north of Yazd city has less worn-out texture and region 3 in the south lacks fertile agricultural lands, these regions can be suggested for the future expansion of the city.

Nowadays, the most important challenge for Tehran is the issue of privacy and its management. Tehran metropolitan privacy faces many complexities and damages in various managerial, environmental, social, economic and physical aspects due to spatial-physical extent. The continued of these damages has produced a kind of instability that has made it as a national and local issue. Therefore, the realization of the conservation and sustainable development strategy depends on addressing the challenges, disadvantages and establishing of integrated management can be considered as a key strategy by urban managers and urban policy makers. The purpose of this article was to investigate the damages of Tehran's metropolitan privacy. The research is descriptive-analytical. The FUZZY-DEMATEL technique has been used for the analysis of these damages. The findings indicated that management and environmental components were identified as the most important damages in Tehran metropolitan privacy. The results also showed that the most important damages to Tehran's metropolitan privacy included increasing the population of cities and villages in the privacy zone, Continuation of speculative land, increasing the destruction of natural valleys, the unnecessary growth of micro-settlements around Tehran and the area of privacy and the Lack of integrated management in settlement around Tehran metropolis.

Urban Change Effects More Than Any Other Human Factor on River Systems. River Channel Changes are very Significant due to Urban Development. So Today, River Geomorphology is the Base for Studying Environmental Changes that are used for River Channel Management. The Purpose of this Study was to Evaluate the Effects of City's Physical Expansion on Hydrological Characteristics, Discharge and River Sediment and Features of Channel River Including Platform or Spatial Pattern of River, Lateral and Longitudinal Profile, Number of Meanders, Curvature, Width to Depth Ratio and River Geomorphic Forms The Evin Watershed is in the Period of 20 years (1998-2018). This Research was Carried out in Three Steps: the First Step was Hydrological Studies Using the Semi-Distributed SWAT Model in two Sections of the 20 years (1998) and (2018) in the Evin-Darake Basin, the Second Step of the Study of Discharge and River Sediment in the Basin. The Sediment and Discharge Data During the Statistical Period of 1361-1391 was used for the Hafthouz Station. the Changes were analyzed in the Pre and Post Urban Development Period. Finally, the Third Step of Geomorphological Studies of the Basin was studied. Due to Geomorphology Studies, Aerial Photos and Satellite Imagery were used to Document Land Cover, Drainage Network and Urban Extension, and then each Channel was Divided into Intervals. Field Studies in each Range include Measuring Channel Dimensions, Sediment Characteristics, Geomorphic Forms, and other Items Mentioned in this Research. Results and discussion, The Results of the Simulation of Precipitation Process-Runoff Based on the City's Physical Development Scenario indicate that the Average Rainfall in Evin Watershed is equal to 4,430 mm, of which this amount of Rainfall in the Previous Period is 142.6 mm and in By 2018, 146.8 mm is Evaporated in the form of Actual Evapotranspiration from the surface of the earth and plant. Also, the mean Curve Number (CN), which indicates the amount of Water retained on the Catchment, is in the Simulation Process, this amount is 84.01 in 1998 and (in 2018), this amount has increased to 76.78 and the Runoff rate The Surface area in the Previous Period (1998), 106.66 mm and (2018) increased to 126.88 mm. According to the Results of the Sediment Evolution Process before Urban Development, the amount of Sediment has Risen over time, which subsequently shows an increase in Discharge. On the other hand, the Results of the Study of the trend of Changes in the amount of Sediment in the Post-Urban Development Period compared with the Previous Period, decreased significantly In Discharge and as a Result of Sediment Production. Based on the results of the SWAT Model, the Urban Development Factor and Human interference have shown increased Runoff Production Capability and reduced permeability of the Basin. The results in the discussion of geomorphological studies showed that with the development of urbanization and development of human activities within the studied area, the river system has changed. The survey of aerial photos and Google Earth suggests that changes in the river's path as the river has undergone erosion and lateral changes over the course of twenty years of study, the riverbank on the right bank of the river. In general, in the sections of the route, the rivers are limited by resistant outcrops and formations, the Meander movements are minimized, there is no possibility of lateral displacement and displacement of the waterway bed and limits the river's potential for change. Also, the longitudinal profile of the Evin River in the Upper and Upper Mountain Range has undergone less urbanization and expansion. In the longitudinal profile of the river Darake, there are dysfunctional and uplifting phenomena, which is due to the bending of the river and indicates the sedimentation and erosion in these parts of the river. In the convexity of the sedimentation process and at concave points, erosion is performed. over the course of twenty years, with increasing flow rate and urban development, river profiles in the previous period tend to be submerged and the sections are shaped like V. But in the new period, the profile of the plate has expanded due to increased runoff and lateral erosion of the river bank, and the profiles of the sections have changed in shape U. The largest change in the number of Meanders in range 1 is observed in 1998, with 4 twists and in 2018 it has increased to 10 twists. During the period from 1998 to 2018, the Range of 1 From the direct to sinusoidal pattern, the Range of 2 From the sinusoidal pattern to Meander and the range 4 from the direct pattern to the sinusoidal pattern. In the range of 5, the pattern change was not observed due to direct channeling and fixation of the channel and river bank walls using concrete walls. In range 1, the Curvature of the channel increased from 1.7 in 1998 to 1.13 in 2018. In range 2, the Curvature from 1.24 in 1998 to 1.31 in 2018, shows an incremental trend. Also, in the range of 3, the Curvature increased from 1.25 in 1998 to 1.29 in 2018, but the pattern pattern did not change over the course of twenty years and was observed as a Meandering. Due to the presence of natural obstacles (outbreak of resistant formations), in range of 3, the pattern is dominant. In the ranges of 4 and 5 of the river, the difference in Curvature is not very different. The results of the measurements of the depth-to-width ratio indicate that the width of the river has increased over the course of twenty years by the width of the Channel in the range of intervals due to the erosion of the banks. No variation in the width of the river has been made at range of5 (urban area). The area around Watercourse and river in the form concrete channels is restricted and restored.

development of the industrial settlements with the aim of encouraging the industrial sector and with considering the politician related to population density and benetifical usage of natural resources and preventing of non-justified of industrial density in the cities and accompanying the industrial development with environment protection and control of industrial pollutants are internationally recognized.

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the industrial settlements in the development of cities in different aspects. This research is an applied research regards to the goal aspect and is a description research regards to the method. In this research, we used Cronbach's alpha in spss for validity. This statistic was about 0.736 for economical, 0.731 for social , 0.792 for environmental, 0.750 for physical and 0.855 for management indices. The reliability of the research 's questions was reviewed using experts opinion.

the results from structure equation showed the two indices of   "development of Employee" and "increasing migration"  in social aspect, “decreasing agriculture “and “increasing air pollution”  in environmental aspect, the “physical development of cities” and “improvement in low income residential situation”  in physical aspects, and  “creation new business” and “improvement of citizen’s income” in economical aspect, and "manager of cities a and dispersed urban management in the comprehensive plan" and "an influence of  industrial cities in development of national plan in Hasan Abad" in management aspect, had the highest and lowest correlation respectively.  The results of Chi-Square showed that there is a positive and significant correlation for all the aspect of management, physical, social and environmental in Hasan Abad and Shams Abad industrial settlements.

improvement and development of Shams Abad Industrial settlements can be effected in different aspects of economical, physical and management of Hassan Abad City and this needs coherent and integrated management capabilities.

Of geological events on the earth and the earth. Earth over millions of years has witnessed several incidents of relief today as the volcanic plains, seas, rivers and magnificent works of ancient organisms are and geology to study carefully and then compel contemplation and interpretation. Every year very large mass movements occur Nqat world including our country. Of the geotechnical faults are located on the back strap. Technical deal with a range of adverse effects caused by the movement of factors of sustainable development of human society is the and identify important factors in reducing future disaster losses have important roles. This study identified vulnerable communities in disaster is MahdiShahr. The first important factor in the city's vulnerability to movements in the general introduction to the most important structural features such as Physical development of the city life .privacy of the buildings, building density and population density of faults privacy risk facilities  And the use of aid and open spaces are studied. The combined weight of the layers above this layer in GIS conclusion is done And the outcome of events in vulnerable areas of priority for the MahdiShahr Reforming, modernizing and retrofitting of buildings in the city are MahdiShahr.

Rapid urban growth is usually associated with the destruction of agricultural and natural areas. Therefore, analysis of the suitability of land for urban expansion requires a comprehensive assessment. Since long time ago, various models have been developed by researchers in order to simulate the complex dynamics of urban growth. In this study, SLEUTH model was used for modeling urban growth. In this model, coefficients of urban growth including: dispersion coefficient, breed, spread, slope resistance, and road gravity was determined using different input layers i.e. slope, land use, areas resistant to urbanization layers, urban area layer in four time periods and roads layer at least in two time periods. These coefficients were obtained during three calibrations using Markov chains and cellular automata. Then, the coefficients were used to predict urban growth in the future in the study area included: Ali Abad, Ramiyan and Azadshahr. Results demonstrated a rising trend in the urban land use and a declining trend in the forest and agricultural area. The coefficients can be used for future studies and forecasting urban growth considering different criteria. Also, the results may be useful to predict urban growth and to control increasing trend of urban growth which leads degradation of agricultural land, forest and rangelands.
Determination of coefficient affecting urban growth in SLEUTH model for Ali Abad, ramiyan and Azadshahr regions

The level of quality of life style in local society is connected with different phases of tourism life cycle model which is generally dependent upon the capacity of social toleration. During the first phases of development, positive changes will be formed but by proceeding when the toleration capacity or level of acceptable changes in the society gets on the threshold, negative changes resulted from tourism development will appear and gradually the destination residents` the quality of life will demonetize. Therefore, this study tries to examine the economic, social and cultural positive consequences and effects resulted from tourism development on urban development through improving the quality of life attitude in Gachsaran city by experts and suggests strategies along with the development of Gachsaran city. In order to get to the aim of the study descriptive-analytic method, measurement type was used. In order to collect the data and analyses the study data questionnaire and SPSS software were utilized. This study according to subject is case study and according to content is a practical study that will deal with determining and explaining independent and dependent variables. The study attitude is positivism and will prove by Pierson`s correlation test. Finally, after done analysis in this study, there is a significant relation between tourism enhancement and upgrading the quality of life. Furthermore, there is an important relation between tourism development and urban development.

Ancient Iran has been a vast region which its political boundaries have altered over time with the emergence of various governmental periods and as a result of the withdrawal of these borders, part of its legacy has been left in distant lands. The desert city of Hatra, which the peak of its significance returns to the Parthian period, is one of these Iranian heritages which nowadays is located outside of modern Iranian borders, in Iraq, and is the richest archaeological area known in the Persian Empire with great potential better understanding this unknown empire. Hatra is a city with almost three centuries of dynamic urban life which grew and expanded rapidly because of its appropriate natural-environmental, communicational-commercial and strategic position and especially the religious beliefs of its inhabitants. In ancient era, this city as the capital of Arabic territories was located 50 km northwest of the ancient Assyrian capital. Its natural borders were from the East Tigris River, Euphrates at the West, Sinjar Mountains in north-with the area of influence of Khabur and Nusabin-and Mada’in in the south.The primary core of the city which was probably Assyrian, formed due to appropriate geographical conditions of the site, and later, with the construction of the temples became a center for social gatherings. The city flourished in the Seleucid period by the expansion of trade routes and unfolding its military importance against the Roman Empire during the Parthian, was converted into a major city of the West of Parthian territory. Construction of ditch and city walls were began in this period, thereby; the city was preserved from incidents of the era for a long time and reached its peak of glory. During this period, Hatra was relatively independent from Parthians though allied with Parthians at the time of the Roman military attacks, but soon with emergence of Sassanian in the mid third century AD, the golden era of Hatra ended and its civilization subsided. After the recognition of ancient area of Hatra, lots of studies were done. These studies mainly were the result of excavation by European-Iraqi joint researchers led to the introduction of a variety of assumptions about the nature of this historical city; Assumptions which know Hatra as a Seleucid city and influenced by the Hellenistic-Roman culture, such as “ Dura-europos “ or affected by Parthian cities. In this research, with a comparative study on Hatra’s urbanism and other historical patterns, its evolution will be analyzed as part of the history of Iranian urbanism; while some researchers using archaeological excavation data believe that the settlement and civilization in this area have been started from Assyrian era, there is no documented research on the history of Hatra’s urbanism. Present research with the implementation and analysis of existing data, will analyze the physical spatial structure of Hatra as a limited example of the Parthian urbanism.There were several effective factors on t forming the physical-spatial structure of the City from genesis to collapse which Natural-environmental, religious-ritual, communicational-commercial, military and governmental were the most important ones. In addition to these factors, the culture had an important role in shaping the City. In this paper, with an interpretive- historic method and utilizing a logical argument, the following questions will be answered: How has the spatial- physical structure of Hatra, followed the various elements such as: religious, commercial, cultural factors, etc.? And what changes have the urban elements of Hatra had over the time? In order to understand the evolution of Hatra, as the first step, each of the above factors, will be investigated separately in different periods and the influence of these factors on the structure of the city will be studied; as the next step with a more holistic approach, obtained findings will be discussed.

Today, tourism has an important place in economy of countries and active and efficient role in developing the economic and social structure of countries, especially in developing countries.. In Iran, although the historical-cultural backgrounds and natural attractions are available in the cities to attract tourists, but in the spatial-physical plans no attention is paid to the tourism and its different effects on the urban development. Kermanshah is the largest city in the province and western area. Although this city has an urbanism background and natural, historical, cultural, religious attractions which can contribute to the economic improvement of the city, in the national reports of Islamic republic of Iran, this city was called a bereaved area in terms of human development index. Utilization of this situation needs a comprehensive planning in order to recognize weak and strong points, opportunities and threats and optimal strategies for the city development should be provided. To expand centers of tourism in the city in order to develope the city should be considered. This is an applied research with descriptive-analytical nature. In addition to library studies, metrical method was used. For analyzing data, SWOT model was used and it showed that Kermanshah tourism has 11 strong points, 11 weak points, 11 opportunities and 10 threats. It showed that Kermanshah tourism is in the growth and recognition step. Using incursive strategy has priority. Finally we suggested some strategies for development via tourism in Kermanshah. Using matrix QSPM the best strategies in form of the first, second and third were provided. Then some suggestions were made.