جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "زبان شناسی شناختی" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

The purpose of the present article is to explain the foundations of Fariba and Fafi's knowledge and the formation of her feminine language, based on the theory of image schemas. Therefore, the present research aims to show that, from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, metaphor is not just a linguistic tool in order to decorate words; Rather, it is a cognitive tool that is undoubtedly related to the author's gender. This article has been done by analytical-descriptive method based on library studies and its theoretical framework is indebted to Johnson's visual schema theory. In this article, after reflecting on cognitive linguistics, we have lingered on metaphor, and then by introducing the theory of image schemas and its branches, we have reported the image schemas of Fariba Wafi's works. In the end, this article comes to the conclusion that Wafi's image schemas represent her cognitive system as a woman and are considered to strengthen the foundation of her experiences to achieve a specific language. By discovering the image schemas used in Wafi's works, it can be seen that the image schemas of this author's works originate from the unity of her stable attitude and actions as a woman with her cultural and physical environment, and all of this ultimately leads to the formation of a special language for her.

One of the theories in cognitive linguistics research, which was first proposed by Mark Johnson, is image schemas. The main point in this theory is that due to human activity, movement and physical presence in the outside world, we gain experiences through our body and living environment that help us organize our thoughts in abstract fields. The language of the Qur'ān contains valuable themes and messages, some of which are organized by means of image schemas, and the audience can achieve a deeper understanding of abstract and intangible concepts by visualizing the ayahs. Therefore, the present descriptive-analytical research aims to investigate Johnson's image schemas, that is, containment schema, force schema and path schema in Surah An-Nisa and to identify the most frequent schema and their abstract concepts according to the function of each of them in the interpretative study of the Qur'ān. The findings of the research show that containment schemas indicate concepts such as heaven, doubt and suspicion, while force schemas show concepts like disbelief, atheism, and avoiding sins, and path schemas, with the highest frequency, signal concepts such as happiness, dignity and status, respect and descending of revelation and the Qur'ān.

The goal of prophetic revelation is to guide people towards perfection and true happiness. Prophets and saints of religion have fulfilled the task of guiding people by communicating revealed knowledge through language, that is, the means of realizing speech and communication between minds. The use of language and the construction of words, no matter how much precision, elegance and capacity the message conveys, the main meaning and purpose of the message will be better and more accurately available to the audience. This has crystallized in the relationship between the infallible saints of the religion, including Imam Reza (a.s.), with their contemporaries, and it has been a way to promote the status of the infallible and prepare for their acceptance of the status of the infallible. The present article, with a descriptive and analytical method, has tried to extract and present examples of the techniques used in the words of that honorable Imam in order to accept the authority of that Imam by the currents, thoughts and people of his lifetime. Techniques whose role and influence are considered more obvious and serious today with the development of cognitive sciences, including cognitive linguistics.

Today, semantics is one of the key sciences widely applied in Qur'anic Studies. Cognitive semantics, a branch of semantics, posits that the relationship between form and meaning is strong and none of them exists independently of the other. The Conceptual Blending Theory (1993: Fauconnier and Turner) has garnered significant attention from cognitive linguists, offering insight into various linguistic structures, particularly those with figurative meanings, providing a precise and comprehensive understanding of them. The topic of the eschatological states of the righteous and the sinners is one of the significant Qur'anic themes, expressed through various descriptions. To gain a precise understanding of this subject, Conceptual Blending Theory serves as an effective and accurate tool. Conceptual blends, in terms of structure, are classified into two types: simple and multiple blends. Regarding integration networks, they are divided into four types: simplex, mirror, single-scope, and double-scope blends. In this descriptive-analytical study, the structure of these blends is first examined, and then their network type is identified. The results indicate that most of the Qur'anic examples studied possess a simple structure. Regarding integration networks, double-scope blends are more prevalent than the others, indicating the novelty and complexity of the examples analyzed.

In cognitive linguistics, conceptualization plays an important role in discovering the meaning. From the point of view of Lakoff and Johnson, conceptual metaphors are not only linguistic matters, but also thought mechanisms whose representation can be studied not only in language but also in social behavior and culture. The purpose of this research, which was carried out by analytical-descriptive method, was to answer this question: To what extent is the theory of conceptual metaphor effective in religious texts? In this article, with the help of metaphor theory, we have tried to understand the concept of Surah al- Juma, which is one of the five surahs of the Holy Qur'an, called Mosabbahat, because this surah is based on two main and fundamental axes, first, monotheism and divine attributes, and the purpose of the mission of the Prophet of Islam, Ma'ad and also emphasize the importance of the issue of Friday prayer, The results show that from the perspective of cognitive semantics, the application of conceptual metaphor theory using the two-domain model of destination and origin of Lakoff and Johnson can be effective in explaining the conceptual structure of Quranic components and the meanings hidden in the structure of Quranic verses. to reveal and in this way influence the attitude and worldview of the audience and provide a general insight into a human scale to facilitate the understanding of the verses. The results of this research can be useful in literary analysis and Quranic research and in the field of cognitive linguistics.

As a cognitive process, metaphor objectifies mental concepts in such a tangible form that the study of human mental structure would be possible. The goal of this research is to study the conceptual domain of “hunting” and its negative representation in love “dating and marriage” based on the conceptual metaphor theory and cultural linguistics (Palmer, 1996; Sharifian, 2013). With a reference to the Persian corpus and Persian proverbs we studied the metaphor “marriage is hunting” and its negative representation. Three micro metaphors obtained were “marriage is hunting,” “marriage is theft,” and “marriage is captivity,” which through linguistic metaphoric expressions such as hunting, snapping, enthralling, grabbing, snatching, ensnaring, catching, trapping, capturing, enslaving, and harnessing all bearing a negative emotional connation both in the case of man or the woman. The research findings showed that we witness a negative metaphorical representation of hunting in “marriage”. Sometimes a woman is a valuable catch and the prey for a male hunter but she sometimes takes the role of a hunter and the man is the prey. The results showed that factors such as gender, commitment to cohabitation and the suitability of couples in terms of appearance, economy, age, celibacy and ethical orientation affect metaphorical representations.

Lakoff and Johnson's research in the field of metaphor proved that the uses of metaphor are not limited to the field of literary studies and are rooted in human thought that one of the manifestations of it is language. Conceptual metaphor is a term in cognitive linguistics that explains most of the metaphors around us along with the origin-destination pattern. In Masnavi, Rumi has used the conceptual metaphor of light as a linguistic tool to expand cognitive meanings and concepts. This research answers the question through a descriptive-analytical method How does the contemporary theory of cognitive linguistics match the conceptual metaphor of light in Masnavi? Finally, we concluded that the conceptual metaphor of light refers to the absolute essence of Hazrat Haqq, the mirror of guidance, the guide of the religion, the sun of truth, and the expression of Ana al-Haqq (I am the Truth) of selected saints. Due to the large volume of Masnavi's hundred verses, a statistical sample was selected from the second book, in which the word "light" is used 122 times.

Cognitive linguistics is one of the new trends in linguistics that has created effective tools and methods for analyzing different texts. Conceptual metaphor is one of the important theories in this science, according to this theory, "metaphor" is not just a literary arrangement to embellish words, but it refers to the conceptualization of one semantic domain in the form of another semantic domain, and based on this, in explaining abstract concepts, especially It plays a significant role in the field of religious texts. Therefore, the present study tries to extract those metaphorical expressions that contain the concept of "surprise" from the sermons of Nahj al-Balagha and analyze them based on the theory of cognitive metaphor by adopting a qualitative approach and a descriptive-analytical method. The preliminary investigations show that Imam Ali (a.s.) conceptualizes those abstract concepts on the basis of concrete sources of origin, which caused him astonishment, and used different schemas to explain the destination field.

One of the word formation processes in Persian language is the compounding process, which speakers use in a productive way to create words with new meanings. This process contains at least two components, both of which are involved in the construction of meaning. The aim of this article is to analyze the polysemy of compound words ended to “negar” stem in Persian with a cognitive approach. This analysis is done in the framework of Booij's construction morphology theory (2010, 2016), and the data of the research is extracted from the Zansu Persian dictionary (Keshani, 1993), the dictionary of Farhangistan authorized vocabularies, and Bijankhan's corpus. According to Booij's construction morphology theory (2010, 2016), language words are linguistic constructions and these linguistic constructions are the unit of construction morphology analysis. In Booij's construction morphology theory (2010, 2016), construction schemas are patterns that clarify the form and meaning of a construction and determine how other constructions are derived from this pattern. In order to investigate the polysemy of compound words ended to the "negar" stem, first the construction schemas and sub-schemas related to these words are identified, and then their polysemy network in drawn. The results of the research show that at the lowest level of the schema network of the compound words ended to "negar" stem, there are eleven different sub-schemas, seven of which have a nominal base, and four have an adjectival base. Also, the frequency of the sub-schema with an adjective base is much lower than the frequency of the sub-scheme with a nominal base. According to the study of the body of research, the combination of a noun with the "negar" stem creates different meanings such as "writing", "describing", "studying", "depicting", and "measuring" and the meanings of "writing" and "depicting" is realized with both human and non-human agents. The combination of an adjective with the "negar" stem also creates the "depicting" meaning which is realized with two human and non-human agents. Finally, four subschemas with the meaning of "depicting with a special instrument", "depicting a person with special characteristics", "depicting with a special manner", and "depicting from a special location" are results of the hierarchical classification of the subschemas of compound words with an adjective base that ends to “negar” stem. The polysemy of compound words ended to the “negar” stem can be explained at the level of these construction schemas which are more or less abstract.

This article aims to study mental spaces in Persian children stories within a cognitive linguistic framework. As a new branch of the linguistics, cognitive linguistics was established in 1970s. In this approach, language is considered as a reflection of thought, and studying language patterns maps conceptualization. Cognitive linguistics is distinguished from the other branches of the discipline by the presupposition that language represents fundamental features and the detailed mapping of human mind. The main purpose of this study is to find mental structures and fundamental concepts on which Persian authors of children books base their stories. To conduct the research, data was gathered through library resources and, from a corpus of fifty children stories, five stories were accidentally selected and analyzed descriptively within Gilles Fauconnier’s (1997) mental spaces framework. Findings show that base space in the selected stories is constructed on the concept of “Loneliness” and presupposes that being trapped in loneliness is a problem with endless pain and sorrow. In other words, loneliness has been represented as a negative concept so that the next mental spaces be distanced from it. Stereotypically, fictional characters face this problem involuntarily, try to get out of it, and finally gain victory. The works under study in this research contain the message of collectivism and philanthropy, and the created mental spaces lead children audience to a sense of empowerment in social relations. The findings of this study can be useful both for authors and editors of children stories.

The Qalandariyya is a prominent cult within Islamic mysticism and Sufism. Due to the diversity of the Qalandari lifestyle, the existence of both positive and negative aspects, and the apparent and hidden contradictions within the cult and its poetry, many theoretical, social, and behavioral dimensions of the Qalandariyya remain unexplored. This paper employs a documentary approach and utilizes the theory of conceptual metaphor to examine the multiple abstract concepts of the Qalandariyya cult as reflected in Persian literature. By mapping and aligning the source and target domains of three conceptual metaphors: "Qalandar is free", "Qalandar is a fighter", and "Qalandariyya as a social and secret system", the study reveals that although Qalandars perceive themselves as liberated from all attachments, in practice, they are bound by self-created customs and traditions. This group often attempted to bring about change in the insincere society of their time through cultural and subversive struggle, sometimes resorting to armed conflict. The Qalandariyya possessed a complex, intricate, and open cultural system with its own set of rules, meeting centers, goals, and symbols. The Qalandariyya, which was considered an extreme offshoot of the Malāmatiyya cult, was always depicted in Persian literature with both positive and negative connotations. The conceptual metaphor, which establishes a link between abstract concepts and tangible matters and concrete experiences, can serve as a valuable tool for understanding certain unexplored aspects of this cult.

Deploying pragmatic schemas is contingent on the given situational and utilitarian context. This research aims to categorize the pragmatic schemas under the conceptual framework of "death." The research's purview includes narratives that ponder the notion of death within age groups "B" and "C" (+7 & +10). Each narrative is a tangible scenario for eliciting the schema associated with death. Through a blend of descriptive and analytical methods, this study probes the influence of a narrative's contextual backdrop in molding and eliciting the death schema. The study delineates seven pragmemes defining the concept of death: self-annihilation, homicide, thanatophobia, evasion of death, suspended death, mourning, and natural death. Given the inherently abstract and philosophical nature of the concept of "dying," which typically triggers adverse emotional responses, the mode of its communication to a youthful audience has, historically, been a matter of debate. The findings indicate that stories can utilize various pragmatic schemas to generate a secure environment for the assimilation of life's distressing events, like "death." In a pioneering exploration, this document delves into the study of thanatology within children's literature.

One of the topics raised in cognitive linguistics is the topic of radial network. The purpose of this study aimed to comparison of the learning process of prepositions (from, in, to and with) from the perspective of the radial network in children of age group A and B by the theory of stages of child development and language learning. In should be mentioned that the radial network has not been sufficiently focused on by cognitive linguistics. The results of this research can have a great impact on children's fiction literature and fiction writers in the field of children can use the results of this research. The present study was descriptive _analytical in the theoretical framework of cognitive semantics. The statistical population includes 40 children from 2 and 9 years. To collect the data, children's natural speech was used the field method (Instagram videos). The research results show that the preposition "to" with the meaning of addressing someone has the highest frequency in age groups A and B. From the point of view of Bruner's cognitive theory, children in age group A are in the stage of movement and image representation and in age group B are in the stage of symbolic representation. A radial network is a term used to describe a collection of words that are interconnected through their meanings, concepts, and expressions. These words possess multiple definitions and are categorically related radially. Within this framework, a single meaning is designated as the primary or archetypal meaning, while alternative meanings are situated around it, akin to rays radiating out from a central, exemplary core.

Cognitive linguists do not negate the metaphorical creativity inherent in the works of poets and writers. According to the ‘Cognitive Poetics’ theory proposed by Lakoff and Turner (1989), poets and writers frequently employ the same conventional conceptual metaphors in their compositions that are prevalent in everyday language. The creative aspect of poetry emerges from the adept manipulation and modification of these commonplace conceptual metaphors, achieved through the application of four conceptual tools: expansion, complication, questioning, and combination. The primary objective of this research is to introduce these strategies and assess their applicability in conducting a cognitive analysis of certain novel metaphors found in two collections of short stories authored by Zakaria Tamer (1931), a distinguished contemporary Syrian writer. The analysis of the data indicates that Tamer has utilized the same everyday conceptual metaphors in his narratives. Consequently, the creativity exhibited by this author could potentially be attributed to the proficient application of the aforementioned tools in the usage of ordinary metaphors. Based on the data analysis, it is observed that Tamer, in the creation of the metaphors examined, has predominantly employed the tool of combination, sparingly used the tool of questioning, and has made moderate use of the tools of expansion and complication. The findings also suggest that Tamer, through his judicious use of metaphor, not only imparts elegance and beauty to his prose but also effectively communicates the underlying concepts and messages of his stories to the reader.

This research investigates, describes and analyzes the linguistic errors of a Persian speaking student with Down syndrome who studies in the third grade of elementary school. The aim of the research is to apply the concepts of Cognitive Linguistics in the analysis of the samples of this student's narrative speech. For this purpose, research data were collected by Nili-pour et al.'s language test (2023) and Speech Therapist assessment by recording the subject's speech. After collecting data, the researcher classified the errors in the form of tables. Investigations and analyzes showed that this person has more problems in micro-syntactic structure than macro-syntactic structure. In fact, this student has acquired what Tomasello (2003) has named to as core schema and syntactic construction. So, the schemas proposed by Lakoff (1987) have not been formed in this student. Also, this student does not use abstract words in his speech, and he don’t use the correct forms verbs and timed relations was also imperfect. It is suggested that in speech therapy training for this student, along with the current teaching methods, methods based on strengthening the schemas proposed by Lakoff should be designed and carried out to improve the macro-syntactic structure.

Nahj al-Balaghah is undoubtedly the most comprehensive book after the Qur'an, which can be considered a human guide in all aspects of life and can be responsible for guiding humanity in various fields. This precious book contains a wide range of abstract concepts that cannot be expressed in everyday language, and to make the subject understandable to the audiences, appropriate linguistic tools must be used, among which metaphor is one of the most widely used tools. Imam Ali (AS) sometimes used illocutionary acts in his words to encourage the audiences to do good things and to warn them about evil deeds. Therefore, the present study tries to extract those sentences with metaphorical structures responsible for conveying abstract concepts from Nahj al-Balaghah sermons and analyze them based on cognitive metaphor. The research results indicate that Imam Ali (AS) conceptualizes the destination area using maps taken from everyday life that everyone can understand and uses various cognitive metaphors based on the audience's knowledge and understanding of the target concept.

The contemporary metaphor theory is based on the belief that the system of human understanding and perception is based on metaphor, which is entirely involuntarily mixed with human daily life. In this approach, it is considered a part of human life. So, metaphors are not only a pure linguistic function but also an essential tool for understanding abstract and intangible things in the human mind, and their scope of work and influence is not at the level of words but in the depth of meaning and concepts. Since part of the language structure of religious texts, such as Nahj al-Balaghah, contains metaphors, and the metaphors of this religious text are far beyond linguistic and literary metaphors, this research aims to find abstract metaphors of "sadness and "happiness". In the present study, by reading, searching, and examining the translated text of Nahj al-Balaghah, some sadness and happiness words and their synonyms were found, and some contained conceptual metaphors. Therefore, the words containing the conceptual metaphor of sadness and happiness were chosen and explained according to the theory of Lakoff and Johnson (1980). As a result, metaphorical mappings were obtained, such as sadness is substance, sadness is a living thing, sadness is fire, sadness is a fluid, sadness is destructive, sadness is dust, sadness is clothes, and the mappings of happiness is the object, happiness is a living being.

Cognitive linguistics research has revealed that the human body and its physical experiences are integral components of cognitive architecture. The concept of "embodied cognition" is a fundamental principle within the Cognitive linguistics. The utilization of linguistic expressions to depict abstract notions is a manifestation of a fundamental principle. This phenomenon is ubiquitous across all languages and presents a viable avenue for investigating the cognitive and cultural conceptualizations of various ethnic groups. Utilizing the descriptive-analytical approach, the current study has examined the term "Ayn" in the three-volume work of "Al-Maajm al-Musaoi Lal-Tabir al-Istalahi fi Al-Lagha Al-Arabiya" authored by Mohammed Mohammad Dawood. The objective of this investigation was to ascertain how Arabic speakers have employed this term in conceptualization and to identify the specific regions where it is most frequently used. The findings of the data analysis suggested that the term "Ayn" in this language serves as a cognitive instrument that conceptualizes multiple target domains, many of which pertain to abstract domains. These target domains align with the ones introduced by Kovecses (1946), including "psychological and mental states and actions," "experiences," and "social processes." Notably, the frequency of the "psychological and mental performance domains" is noteworthy among these domains. The cognitive examination of these concepts can be customized to the cognitive processes of conceptual metaphor, conceptual metonymy, and conventional knowledge. The metaphorical mappings "eye is a container," "eye is a person," and metonymy of "a tool instead of an action" is noted to be among the most prevalent.

The theoretical structure of conceptual blending is based on the idea that the process of meaning construction arises from the combination and fusion of conceptual structures. In this process, inner mental spaces are formed, mappings between these spaces occur, and as a result of selective blending between these spaces, a new space called blended space emerges, which is more than the sum of its constituent parts. This article examines the mental spaces related to the term "rend" in Hafez's poetry. The main goal of this article is to clarify how the character of "rend" in Hafez's poetry transforms into an elevated and perfect human being with all the negative characteristics associated with it in the external world, deserving of authority and leadership. The research findings indicate that Hafez has created a character by using mental spaces and blending them regarding "rend", which, despite possessing the real qualities of a "rend