جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "مقابله" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

The Book Al-Kashkul is written by Bahāʾ al-Dīn Muhammad ʿAmilī known as Sheikh Bahāʾi. This book is one of the valuable and precious works of Sheikh Bahāʾi and is considered as a mirror of his knowledge and inspiration. According to the researches, the date of its writing was between 988 and 1029 AH and has been organized in a collection of five sections which include various scientific terms in an irregular format in verse and prose in Arabic and Persian, a mixture of the hadiths of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and the infallible imams, philosophical, theological, ethical, mystical, exegesis, hei’at (traditional astronomy), astronomy texts, geometric proofs, syntactical rules, anecdotes, historical materials, poems, etc. and nearly a hundred manuscripts of this book have been identified so far. Examining the manuscripts shows that this book is accompanied by a lot of confusion and disorganization in terms of the text, such that most of its manuscripts are not consistent and harmonious in terms of arrangement, and there is no proper logical order in these manuscripts. In addition to the descriptions of the content of the book and the brief introduction of the author and the genealogy of Kashkul, this study, through a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to examine the features of the selected manuscripts, of this work in terms of the text, the composition of the content, the features of the new correction, and the shortcomings of its former correction.

The growing trend of foreign fighters and their widespread presence around the world with the high capability of carrying out terrorist operations shows the necessity of international confrontation by governments. The purpose of this article is to examine the responsibility of governments for the presence of foreign fighters in relation to international commitments using descriptive and analytical methods and using library resources. The basic difference between a foreign fighter and a mercenary in joining armed groups is the difference in their motivation. They are called foreign warriors. The main question of the research is what is the nature of the activity of foreign fighters and according to the available documents, what rights, duties and responsibilities do governments have in case of violation of obligations and communication with foreign fighters? The findings show that the presence of foreign fighters in armed conflicts in some cases has effects and consequences such as destabilization of governments, the spread of terrorism and arms smuggling, considering that these fighters are not very controllable and accountable for their actions. This issue disturbs the world order and in some cases it can become a threat to international peace and security. Therefore, international law requires governments to respect the legal and legal interests of other governments. Otherwise, the offending governments are responsible for international law and obligations in this field at the level of non-interference and maintaining international security, and in case of damage to other governments or citizens of those countries, they are required to compensate.

The spread of terrorism outside the borders of countries led to the formation of a type of terrorism, known as transnational terrorism. Today, the development and advancement of communication and information technologies and the use of them by terrorist organizations and individuals has created a situation were dealing with this form of terrorism has become a new challenge at the international level, and numerous international organizations and institutions has also involved the international community in this confrontation and providing effective solutions. Interpol is one of the organizations that, by having supervisory institutions at the international level, can take effective measures in the field of curbing this form of terrorism,

This article is written in a descriptive-analytical way.

The findings indicate that terrorist groups with goals, activities and organizational forms that are beyond their origin can be called "transnational". Therefore, terrorists can be transnational in three ways: goals, actions and organizational form. In dealing with the transnational terrorism network, Interpol has adopted methods that include: a- Identifying suspected terrorists; b- Preventing the travel of people suspected of terrorist activities; C- tracing the financial resources of terrorists; T- The use of two monitoring networks including the mobile network database and the fixed network database. Interpol member states that have adopted the connection to mobile and fixed networks and have also used it to screen people and documents at border crossings and other key points,

To achieve strategies and solutions to deal with paramilitary security threats in the Islamic Republic of Iran by emphasizing the guidelines of the Imams of the Revolution. Descriptive-analytical and combined (qualitative and quantitative) with an exploratory approach, in addition to document study and structured interviews with experts, a 5-option Likert scale questionnaire including 82 indicators was used and the statistical population included 40 people, after Validity and reliability tests have been processed using the SWAT technique. In the form of strategies and solutions developed in the two dimensions of power enhancement and power building in order to achieve superior power in the region concerned by the contract. In terms of increasing power, if some kind of balance in the regional sphere is done in parallel with influencing the military and security equations by exploiting the strategic position, creating and taking advantage of the power of liberation movements, then many regional risks and threats of Iran will be reduced. In the aspect of empowerment, the strategies developed by considering all-round defense emphasize the following: Relying on the authority of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, strengthening internal cohesion at all levels, self-reliance in all fields with a jump in production, relying on popular mobilization, identifying and confronting threats. Farano and creating the necessary infrastructure to deal with them and pay attention to all-round defense

One of the works of Allāma Mīr Hāmed Hussein is his first Manhaj known as "Abaqāt," recently, the section containing the verses of this Manhaj has been researched, edited and published by Mohammad Javad Rajabzadeh. This writing provides a critical examination of the conducted research and highlights some shortcomings in the adopted research methods. Numerous errors in reading the text of the manuscript, lack of precise comparison with existing manuscripts, failure to observe fidelity in reflecting the text of the manuscript, and insufficient comparison of many citations with sources are among the deficiencies of this research. Although it is rare to find a research free from these flaws, what has happened in the mentioned research, and what we seek to prove, is the multiplicity and diversity of mistakes related to the mentioned issues. In this writing, after explaining the shortcomings and some of their reasons, we present 65 pieces of errors from the edited text as a handful of examples. In the course of discussing the shortcomings and their solution, in addition to proving the need for a critical review of the first Manhaj of Abaqāt, practical insights and points for those interested in the field of manuscript edition will be addressed.

Fitna Waqfiyyah is one of the deviant movements of Mahdavi that was formed during the time of Imam Reza (a.s.). The depth of this flow and the management of Imam (a.s.) in extinguishing it provided the basis of this research.In this study, the flow of waqifah and the context of its origin were first analyzed, and in the next stage, the Imam's actions during the appearance of sedition were pointed out, and in the third stage, Imam (a.s.) during the appearance of sedition, with a detailed explanation of the teachings of Imamate and Mahdaviat, revealed The face of Qatna leaders and their motivation, exploiting the elites, countered it. In the fourth stage and after the decline of sedition, Imam (a.s.) was able to extinguish this religious sedition and save the Shia society by recognizing the ideas of seditionists and answering doubts, introducing religious models and analyzing the fate of real seditionists. For this reason, this research has investigated and analyzed this issue using a descriptive and analytical method using documentary and library methods. To be a model for facing religious seditions in the same way as historical trends.

Loss of parents in childhood and adolescence is an important stressful event. It seems that the child or adolescent should adjust to it, in several ways, to cope with the therefrom stresses and psychological damages. The aim of this study was to identify adjustment mechanisms of adolescent girls to the father loss in Tabriz. The approache of the research was qualitative and the method was descriptive phenomenology. The context of the research was teenage girls (15-19 years old) of Tabriz city; who had lost their father due to illness in childhood and many years had passed since their father's death. Purposeful sampling continued until data saturation and finally 7 people were selected. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was done by Collizzi method. The findings of this research included 3 main categories and 6 subcategories. The adjustment mechanisms of girls with the absence of a father in Tabriz included self-control (thought management, emotion management), coping (social coping, economic coping) and growth (managing, growth). Most of the participants, based on their individual characteristics, receiving support from the survivors and having suitable conditions, effectively adjusted to the loss and the resulting conditions, and some others showed incompatibility with the conditions due to many reasons.

One of the most significant Persian histories is Jami’ al-Tawarikh by Khajeh Rashid al-Din Hamadani. It includes the chronicles of different ethnic groups and nations. Its “history of Iran and Islam section” was textually criticized by Mohammad Roshan based on the manuscript of the Archive and Library of the Topkapı Palace Museum in Istanbul, No. 1653, and published by Mirath Makhtub Publishing House. This manuscript is a collection of chronicles by Hafez Abrous that Mirath Maktub has published its translation. There are several errors and slips in the textually criticized text. The proofreader could not read words, he replaced them with dotted lines. In the present article, the errors were corrected, and some words replaced by dotted lines were identified. The correction method is comparative: Roshan’s textually criticized text was compared with the translation of (Majma ul-Tawarikh) and the correct forms of some of the wrong words were retrieved. In the cases of dotted lines, the text was supplemented. The research result shows that the number of errors in the textual critic’s manuscript and the number of cases left blank are considerable. Apparently, one of the main reasons that caused the textual critic to slip in reading some words or leave them blank is that most of the words in the manuscript were the basis. This article aims to make the next edition of this section more complete by showing these flaws and errors, presenting the correct forms, and completing the parts with dotted lines.

Today, the propaganda of deviant sects has led some people's behavior and methods to deviation. In the process of the resulting changes, what is being challenged the most is the accepted tradition and norms. The purpose of this research is to provide "solutions to deal with the tendency of military personnel to join deviant sects". Therefore, the current research is mixed in terms of applied-developmental purpose and in terms of approach, and analytical-descriptive and applied in terms of methodology. According to the results of the research, the most important causes of the tendency towards deviant sects in the military society are cultural, religious, political, social and economic factors and platforms, and the realization of positive and negative solutions in the fields of security, command, etc. Q, making the commanders and staff familiar. M. with the real dangers of sects entering N. M, methods of attraction and countermeasures and warning systems of sectarian influence will also be sensitive and notify the danger in time.

Sport injury is doubtlessly one of the major events in the athletes’ life, which has different unwilling outcomes for athlete and society. Athletes are dealing with acute and chronic stressors in all their sport life span. The study of the relationship between stress and sport injury and its various aspects seems to be of interest in many studies. Also, among many extrinsic and intrinsic factors, the effect of intrinsic psychological factors on incidence of sport injury has been discussed in some studies. It has been said that some psychological factors show their direct or undirect effect on sport injury vulnerability via stress response in athletes. One of the important psychological elements of stress- sport injury model of Andersen & Williams (1988) is coping resources. It is assumed that coping has an effective role on stress/ injury bond in athletes. Two primary coping styles are approach coping and avoidance coping. Also, four styles of coping are identified that frequently appear in athletes responding to stress. These coping styles are described as problem-focused coping (problem-oriented strategies directed to the environment and self), emotion-focused coping (managing emotional responses to stress and changing the meaning of situations), appraisal-focused coping (appraising or reappraising stressful situations using reframing of situations or logical analysis), and avoidance-focused coping (behavioral and psychological efforts to disengage from the demanding situation).The value of studying an athlete’s coping style improves the ability to predict an athlete’s use of coping strategies in response to stressful events, and to predict coping strategies in response to events of similar stressors in the future. According to documents, this study was done to investigate the effect of psychological coping skills such as “Coping with adversity”, “Coachability”, “peaking under pressure”, “Goal setting/Mental preparation”, “Concentration”, “Freedom from worry”, and “Confidence and achievement motivation” on the relationship between stress and sport injury.

Based on a convenience sampling, a total of 341 male and female injured athletes of varied sport majors and with a mean age of 26.35 participated in this descriptive correlational study. All the sample members had no sport activity for at least one day because of sport injury. The research design was retrospective, so to do this, the “Life Events Survey for Collegiate Athletes” was used to assess stress level, and the “Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28” was used to evaluate coping strategies. Sport injury is defined as any type of injury or physical condition that results from sport participation, which requires medical attention, and prevents participation in sport activities for a period of time. To assess the sport injury characteristics in participants a designed questionnaire was used. The effect of coping skills on life stress/ sport injury relationship was investigated using logistic regression modeling.

Total Coping skill and its two subscales of “Coping with adversity” and “Coachability” did not show any significant effect on stress and injury relationship, but five subscales of “peaking under pressure”, “Goal setting/Mental preparation”, “Concentration”, “Freedom from worry”, and “Confidence and achievement motivation” had a significant moderating effect on this relationship.

It seems that teaching and using appropriate coping methods to promote stress confrontation strategies can lead to better stress management and reduction of sports injuries in athletes. Being able to actively and effectively cope, helps athletes to react to stressors in different conditions. Coaches also need to be aware of useful effects of different state and trait psychological variables to educate athletes, resulting in better performance and decreasing sport injury vulnerability. Since each stressor is proven to be independent of each other, some stressors appear to be more predictive of coping style than others. Being able to give athletes a tool kit of useful coping styles like ability to lessen the worry, to concentrate, to have confidence, being motivated, to perform under pressure, and goal setting can help the athletes to put them into practice immediately and respond to specific stressful situation, and return to optimum performance. In total, applied results of psychological surveys will effectively reduce the individual and social side effects of sport injury.

Drugs are one of the social problems in most cities of the world that have negative psychological, physical and financial impact on the lives of citizens. The street distribution of narcotics in Tehran is one of the serious threats to the comfort and security of Tehrani citizens, and despite the high costs, this problem should not have been resolved. Therefore, there is a need for an appropriate solution to this crisis as soon as possible. The purpose of this study is to identify and explain the effective law enforcement agents in dealing with drug retailing in Tehran.

It is an applied research, and in terms of methodology and method of data collection is a descriptive survey and based on research approach is a quantitative type. The population of the study consists of narcotics police experts and drug crime judges. The statistical sample of the study consisted of 244 people who were selected by the whole number method. The validity and reliability of this study were obtained through Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which coefficient was 0.948.In this study, descriptive findings were first extracted by SPSS software and then evaluated using one-way t-test for hypotheses. Friedman test was used to evaluate the priorities of each factor and chi-square test was used to test the hypotheses. Multiple Regression Using Inter-Regression Factors Influencing Drug Retailing in Tehran.

The results showed that among the identified law enforcement agents in dealing with drug retailers in Tehran were respectively: the retailers' location of activity and the location drawing of the contaminated spots, the retailers’ database of the drug, along with the latest status and activity and attraction, and use of resources and informants.

Law enforcement agents can be effective in controlling and countering retail, so based on the findings, the more law enforcement measures, the more the retailer can be confronted against.

Iran's customs is one of the oldest organizations. This government organization is part of the Ministry of Economy and Finance, which plays a role in customs affairs and in its territory, as a representative of the government and in accordance with the law. It will be very necessary and vital to formulate a comprehensive and barrier law in accordance with the nature of commercial activities. This law, while facilitating customs and trade affairs, should include new and various mechanisms and mechanisms to prevent violations and crimes. Due to the global developments regarding customs and its developments in other countries, attention to these two issues is inevitable. In order to formulate a proportionate, transparent and accurate law, a criminal policy is needed first. There is a codified and in line with customs activities. In compiling this issue, the conditions of our country's domestic economy and customs should be considered, along with the global requirements regarding customs. It will add to the difficulty of formulating an effective criminal policy. In this study, the legislator's criminal policy from two angles Mechanisms and mechanisms to deal with customs offenses and violations have been examined. Finally, we see that in the category of criminology, the minimalist view of criminal law intervention prevails, and for coping, regulatory mechanisms, compensatory coercion prevail.

Aggression is one of the problems of today’s society that can have many reasons. The Holy Qur'an considers anger as one of the causes of aggressiveness and its control as a feature of the pious. The aim of this study was to present and investigate appropriate strategies for preventing and coping with aggressiveness in children and adolescents from the perspective of Psychology and Islamic Resources. This study was conducted using descriptive-analytical method using library resources. The results showed that aggressiveness occurs in two forms of aggressiveness and instrumental hostile and direct and indirect aggressiveness. There are two main theories about the origin of aggressiveness, some consider aggressiveness to be inherent, and some believe that this behavior is learned through the learning process. There are several causes of this disorder, the most important of which are inheritance and environment. Some of the ways to prevent are to provide patterns, drain emotions, education and ways to deal with it are cognitive, emotional, and behavioral methods. The results showed that from a religious and psychological point of view, the first way to deal with aggressiveness is cognitive and in the next steps are emotional and behavioral ways.

Under normal circumstances, security and freedom as two human rights must be established in every society in order to protect human values ​​and principles; But in the face of terrorism emergencies, governments may be challenged to combine the two human rights of freedom and security. The predominant approach adopted by countries is a security-oriented approach. This paper first examines the laws and judgments of the United Kingdom, France, and the United States, and explains that governments often ignore freedom of expression in these circumstances. In contrast, there is a freedom-oriented approach that in the face of terrorism with the establishment of freedom, security to some extent ignores this approach and this approach due to the desire for a security-oriented approach by governments can not be adopted by governments and only historical aspects of this approach can be adopted. Found by governments. Finally, further investigation in this regard can lead to the conclusion that in balancing security and freedom, moderation can be maintained and, in times of emergency caused by terrorism, restrictive human rights can be restricted as much as possible; In such a way that neither of the two human rights of security and freedom is violated under the pretext of establishing another.

The aim of this descriptive study was to investigate the mediatibng role of coping strategies in the relationships between effortful control and academic buoyancy and social self-efficacy. In line with this objective, 388 sixth graders, i.e. 206 boys and 182 girls from Yazd, Iran, and their mothers took part in this study. Participants were selected by cluster sampling. Considering data collection, the students completed the Academic Buoyancy, the Self-Efficacy, and the Stress Response Questionnaires and their mothers filled out the Child Behavior Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was then run for analyzing the obtained data. Based on the results, effortful control could positively predict social self-efficacy both directly and indirectly through the mediating role of engagement coping. In addition, effortful control could positively predict academic buoyancy through the mediating role of engagement coping. Disengagement coping, however, did not have a mediating role and was a negative predictor of both academic buoyancy and social self-efficacy. The overall results of this study showed that an increase in students' effortful control and ability to deal with stressful issues would be accompanied with an increase in their academic buoyancy and social self-efficacy.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the position of the social approach to crime in the Iranian legal and judicial system. The main question of the research is how to explain the social approach to dealing with crime in the legal and judicial system? The main hypothesis of the article is that, in the Iranian legal system, the social approach to crime is in fact local development and based on participation. Based on this, it can be said that the social approach and its components play a very important role in the socialization of crime and can be used to prevent crime by using the social approach to crime by emphasizing social participation. The most important components of the social approach to dealing with crime are social participation, social cohesion and social relations, which should be considered in the policies of the judicial system. The method used in the present study is a descriptive-analytical method.