جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « چند معنایی » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Ontologies offer a structured framework for information sharing across various systems and fields. This framework facilitates data integration from diverse sources, enabling accurate searches based on semantic relationships between concepts. Additionally, ontologies allow for analysis and logical inference from datasets, improving information retrieval speed and accuracy in various scientific disciplines, including the humanities and Islamic studies. This research explores the creation of an ontology for weak narrators in the field of Hadith studies, specifically focusing on the book "Ma'refah al-Hadith" by Mohammad Bagher Behboodi, which examines the conditions of 150 weak narrators. By structuring and analyzing the information on these narrators, the ontology aims to facilitate faster and more efficient analysis of the "Causes of narrators' weakness."

Literature Review:

Several research efforts have explored the design and application of ontologies in various disciplines. These studies include:The necessity of creating an ontology of jurisprudence to manage jurisprudential information in the digital space (Hasanzadeh, 2018) 2.Basmaleh Ontology, a Window for Creating an Ontology of Qur'anic Studies (Hasanzadeh, 2021)A network approach in the interpretation of the Qur'an as an infrastructure to achieve the ontology of the Qur'an (Vaseti, 2023) Semantic Hadith: An ontology-driven knowledge graph for the hadith corpus(Binte Kamran. 2023) Creation of Arabic Ontology for Hadith Science(Abdelkader, 2021) Quran Intelligent Ontology Construction Approach Using Association Rules Mining(Harrag, 2013) Arabic Ontology for Hadith texts - A survey(Muhammed. 2024) Building Hadith Ontology to Support the Authenticity of Isnad (Baraka.2014) These studies demonstrate the benefits of ontologies in facilitating faster and more intelligent information retrieval across various fields.

The research method is content analysis using Protege software version 5.5.0. The steps of forming OWL ontologies according to the features of the Protégé software are as follows:Identify concepts, extract them, and document them to create terms.Place these terms in the form of main and sub-classes as well as examples or members in the respective views in the software. Create relationships (attributes) between classes and examples and between these terms and values. Evaluate the quality and effectiveness of the ontology and its ability to support knowledge representation.

The initial data collection involved identifying two main classes in the Protégé software: "Hadith Narrators" and "Invalidation words". Under the "Hadith Narrators" class, the names of the 150 weak narrators were included. The "Invalidation words" class encompasses terms used by Hadith scholars and various expressions indicating the weakness of narrators. Sample sentences from Hadith scholars were placed as examples under each subclass. Object properties were then employed to establish connections between these classes and the specific narrators exhibiting the identified weaknesses. These object properties linked the sayings of renowned Hadith scholars such as Sheikh Tusi, Ayyashi, Allameh Majlesi, and others, to the relevant narrators.

Analysis of the collected data revealed diverse reasons for the weakening of Hadith narrators. Some terms point to the "weakness of the narrator and their character," including instances of deviant beliefs, affiliation with questionable sects, or the presence of negative personality traits that could potentially compromise the reliability of their narrations. Additionally, other terms may signify the "weakness of the hadith itself" narrated by a particular individual. The ontology construction process identified 107 terms representing concepts related to the weaknesses of narrators. Subsequently, 645 examples were incorporated into the Protégé software, all derived from the text of the book and the statements of Hadith scholars.

Ontologies provide a valuable platform within the semantic web, enabling machines to understand and process information in a more intelligent and nuanced manner. Their role in facilitating data sharing and information retrieval across diverse systems is crucial. By creating a structured framework for integrating data from various sources, ontologies empower researchers to conduct more precise searches based on semantic relationships. Furthermore, they enable analysis and logical inference from datasets, ultimately enhancing knowledge sharing within a specific domain. This research contributes to the field of Hadith studies by proposing an ontology for weak narrators. The ontology explores the words of established scholars and analyzes their statements regarding the weaknesses of 150 narrators in "Ma'rifa al-Hadith" by Mohammad Bagher Behboodi. Through this analysis, as many as 107 words or concepts indicating the weakening of the narrators and the number of 645 samples were obtained and by creating an ontology through the two classes "Hadith Narrators" and "Invalidation words" in the Protégé software, a meaningful connection was established between them. This engineered knowledge base facilitates efficient access to information regarding narrator weaknesses and will lead to the collection of extensive information in the field of hadith and the investigation of the causes of the weakening of the narrators, which will provide the basis for wider and deeper research.

Language has a very significant role in transferring culture and vocabulary; in addition, language, as one of the most important elements, plays a fundamental and active role in preserving and transferring the historical and cultural heritage of a nation. This study is based on empiricism and rationalism, two opposing tendencies in semantics, uses the comparative and descriptive method to do research into the word "cow", compares the semantic system of "cow" in Persian and Chinese languages, and looks at the similarities and differences of this word from the aspects of usages and semantics (irony and metaphor) in the literature of the two languages by exploring fourteen dictionaries. The studies show that the word "cow" in the Persian language has a negative and derogatory meaning and is mostly used as a metaphor for stupid, ignorant of etiquette, and cowardly people; while in the Chinese language, the word "cow" is a metaphor for powerful, hardworking, stubborn, boastful, and selfish people. In the ancient Chinese language, the "cow" is a symbol of status and dignity, and in the ancient Persian language, it is a symbol of fertility; because the cow is one of the most useful animals.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the semantic system of social science teachers in Shiraz city about sustainable social development. Grounded theory has been used. The data was obtained by interviewing, who were 15 social science teachers in Shiraz. The results showed that forces and conditions such as media awareness and foundation, intelligent system design and its institutionalization in the society, the abundant necessity of interaction and global trade in the global village and interaction with international educational and cultural centers are among the causal conditions in the process of achieving sustainable social development. The participants have pointed to conditions such as changing the pattern of consumption and adapting to individual and collective prosperity, changing the pattern of resource consumption, institutionalizing the optimal consumption of resources and reducing environmental crises and creating a favorable educational platform in the society as intervening conditions. According to the participants, contextual conditions, conditions such as the fair distribution of facilities and resources between regions, paying attention to the values of local culture, are an important requirement of sustainable social development. The participants have pointed out consequences such as improving the level and quality of life of the individual and paying attention to human rights and values, using the government's power in allocating resources, social mobilization, participation in the development process, establishing social order, using and benefiting from local capabilities and potentials for development, changes in structures in order to increase people's well-being as the main consequences of sustainable social development.

Emphasis on the importance of qualitative content analysis of oral history data, using new information technology tools and going through different stages of this process, in order to achieve dynamic analysis and new theories. The need for qualitative analysis of oral history sources and effective tools in this field was explained by reference to library resources and its methods and criteria were explained. The increasing progress of research methods in the humanities has necessitated the change of common approaches in this field. Oral history based on process-based system, as one of the most dynamic methods in collecting information, plays an important role in documenting tacit knowledge and publishing documented in contemporary history research. The comprehensive production of data from oral history has required the qualitative content analysis of these sources based on tools, such as semantic word relationships, word weighting, text mining, and analytical and comparative metadata. Qualitative analysis of the content of oral history based on one of the scientific methods in this field, leads to the birth of dynamic analysis and the presentation of new theories. It will be the instrument of analysts in future-oriented projects.

Security, one of God's greatest blessings, contributes to immunity, stability, progress, and peace within the nation and its governing bodies. National security is one of the most important demands and valuable benefits of a nation. When the country's armed forces are strong and authoritative, they can eliminate both internal and external threats. Given the significance of national security, this research aims to understand its components, including its semantic categories, from the viewpoint of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Madazlah al-Ali). The research method employs a logical analysis based on foundational data and is practical in its application. The statistical population for this research encompasses all documents, including the collection of orders and letters from the Supreme Leader regarding national security, during the period from 1367 to 1400 (the research area).

The concept of "decide" is considered one of the most key words in the basic theology of the Qur'an and the belief system of Muslims, and it has always been one of the theological issues of challenge among people. Using the theory of semantic components in the descriptive method, the present essay seeks to explain the concept of generative judgment in a scientific and methodical way. As in the analytical method, it relies on the Quranic data and with an in-text look, it tries to get the meaning-making characteristics of this concept through the examination of the most important words accompanying and replacing the subject of qadha. The data indicate that in determining the meaning-making components of the concept of qadha, attention should be paid to the basic meaning, binding companions such as creation, command, promise, etc. , plays a significant role. Paying attention to these clues led to the determination of components such as repulsiveness, ease and speed of penetration, generality and continuity for the concept of qadha.It is worth mentioning that reflection on the mentioned evidence can give a scientific and precise meaning for the occurrence of each of the words related to qadha in its own context.ease and speed of penetration, generality and continuity for the concept of qadha.It is worth mentioning that reflection on the mentioned evidence can give a scientific and precise meaning for the occurrence of each of the words related to qadha in its own context.

One of the common phenomena in recent years in Iranian society, examined in this article, is the "Arbaeen Walking Rituals." The aim of the present study is to understand the ideas that pilgrims construct for themselves through these rituals. This qualitative research is based on Grounded Theory. The informants of this study were 49 pilgrims participating in these rituals from various cities across Iran. The main findings revealed that the causal conditions affecting the occurrence of the phenomenon of "Arbaeen Walking Rituals" include: desire for religion and expression of Shiite solidarity; contextual conditions: religious concerns and the attractiveness of the destination; intervening conditions: political factors and propagation; strategies of pilgrims: self-restraint and gaining trust; and outcomes: Iran's power display, religious reproduction, and the development of origin and destination, which are depicted in a paradigmatic model. The findings of this study led to the discovery of a theory entitled "Political Will as a Sufficient Condition."

Sadrai's cultural theory explains the culture based on the principles of transcendental wisdom,especially the unity of the world and the known, on the basis of the unity of humans with common semantic systems. By inferring from principles such as "The physical creation of the soul and its spiritual survival","the reflection of the outer and inner being in each other" and "the correlation of sensory perceptions and intellectual meanings",it becomes clear that cultures are related to spatial orders, which means that every "meaning system" If it becomes a culture, it brings its own spatial order. This is why religion has prepared a special spatial order for the establishment of monotheistic meaning system in the society. This spatial order is organized around the mosque, and the functions and location of the mosque are such that the spread of meaning in the social world of Muslims takes place through the mosque as "the main communications center of the society".The Mosque architecture, which has a great capacity to give meaning, has rules in religious thought, as in the prophetic tradition and the way of Muslims, the position of the mosque in relation to other physical elements of the city is determined in such a way that this holy place gives meaning to other buildings. This giving meaning is achieved by two mechanisms. First, the centrality of the mosque among urban organs. second, the echo of some architectural coordinates of mosques in other urban buildings. These results are obtained by two argumentative-philosophical and descriptive-analytical methods.

The existence of a word in several semantic domains has caused many readers and listeners when encountering this type of words to have difficulty in understanding the meaning of the message and may have a perception contrary to the intention of the speaker. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize the main meaning or meanings of these words and their secondary and practical meanings by using semantic methods. Descriptive-analytical to analyze this root, to recognize its primary and main meaning using the theoretical foundations of semantic knowledge; Then, using the polysemous branch, analyze the factors of its development and semantic expansion. The result of this research is that the first meaning of dawn as the meaning of the head was in accordance with the appearance of luminous objects; But due to the change in adaptation, the active region and the highlighting of some elements of the meaning of the head, it has acquired new concepts such as overcoming, becoming aware, vomiting, filling / filling, and so on.

In ancient Iranian languages (Avestan and Old Persian), in addition to inflectional structure, syntactic relations and semantic roles of the core and local cases would be examined. In these languages, the complements of the verb, which can be nouns, adjectives, or pronouns, are represented through case markers that indicate different roles depending on the verb. The representation of verb complements and the function of cases in the accompaniment of different verbs have not been the attention of researchers in this field, except for brief references- it is better to say that the investigation of this issue has been somewhat neglected in ancient Iranian languages. Therefore, in this article, the complements of one of the commonly used and more frequent roots of the Avestan language- but not of the Old Persian- dā, have been investigated. In the Avestan texts, it is mostly found in the meanings of giving, creating, and setting, and in the Old Persian inscriptions, it means giving and creating. According to the analysis of the sentences containing the root dā, the complements of this root, depending on the meaning and context, are shown by the accusative and dative cases in the Old Persian, and accusative, dative, genitive and locative cases in the Avestan. Either of them has several semantic roles, such as theme/patient, recipient, beneficiary, object complement, goal, and location.

Understanding the discourse of the Qur’an is possible by understanding its words and meanings. Addressing the meaning of words in the light of existing methods in semantics can provide a broad horizon in setting the semantic network of Qur’anic words. Covenant is one of the key words in understanding the discourse of the Qur’an, the expressive analysis of which in the semantic system of the Qur’an is the aim of the present study. Therefore, adopting a descriptive-analytical method and using the semantic method, this article seeks to answer the question, “considering the semantic components and the relations of companionship and succession, how is the semantic network of ‘the Covenant’ explained in the Qur’an?” The results of the research indicate that in the linguistic application of the term “Covenant”, its basic meanings such as “strength, reinforcement, and consolidation” are considered. Also, in the study of companionship relationships, the verb form of the word “axz” (take) refers to the type of taking the covenant and the verb “zekr” (mention) refers to its basic components. In addition, nominal companionships of the terms like “ahd” (the Covenant) and “qaliz” (strong) highlights the strength and stability of the covenant. Substitutes of this word can be classified into four groups: conceptual substitutes, substitutions based on the concept of acceptance of the Covenant, substitutes within the scope of the provisions of the Covenant, and rhyming substitutes for the term “misaq” (the Covenant). The semantic opposites of the term “Covenant” such as “violation, forgetfulness, deviation, abjuration,

Organizational ontologies are a type of ontology that focuses on identifying and documenting organizational entities. These tools provide a common conceptualization of organizational entities and are utilized for representing organizational knowledge, describing organizational structures, identifying entities, and revealing the features and relationships of entities. They also, support the dissemination of organizational data, generated reports, organizational history, human resources, and the roles of each of these through a linked data approach. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to design the business ontology of Ehya Sepahan Company based on semantic web data models.

Research Question(s):

In the present research, the following questions have been addressed:- What are the internal and external entities of the Ehya Sepahan Company and their attributes? To what extent do the entities and attributes of the Ehya Sepahan Company align with the Schema.org data model? How is the organizational ontology of the Ehya Sepahan Company structured based on the organizational ontology of the World Wide Web Consortium?

Literature Review:

Research related to ontology design can be divided into two main categories:2.1. Studies that examine the application of ontologies
The first category includes studies that examine the application of ontologies or the design of ontologies in specific contexts. Research by Sharif (2008), Bavakhani (2015), Hassanzadeh, Kahani, and Pourmasoumi (2016), Mardpour and Dehghan-Tafti (2017), Akbari and Rajabi-Bahjat (2018), Fuchs-Kittowski and Faust (2008), Cavaliere et al. (2019), and Outa et al. (2020) fall into this category. In this context, Bavakhani (2015) explored the interrelationship between ontologies and knowledge management. Cavalier et al. (2019) designed an ontology design model for analyzing video content captured by drones in their study. The findings of the studies in this group indicate that in contemporary organizations, there is a necessity to utilize ontologies in processes related to existing knowledge.2.2. Studies that specifically address the design of organizational ontologiesThe second category includes studies that specifically address the design of organizational ontologies for various organizations. Research by Delavari (2018), Rajabi and Alineghizadeh Ardestani (2019), Gualtieri and Rafolu (2005), Santos et al. (2013), andElnagar et al. (2022) are included in this group. Rajabi and Alineghizadeh Ardestani (2019) presented a data-driven approach to develop an architectural model using organizational ontology. Elnagar et al. (2022) offered a framework for the automatic production of ontologies from an organizational perspective in their research.

This study was developmental-applied research in nature and qualitative research in terms of approach, conducted using qualitative content analysis and design methods. The statistical population includes all entities of the Ehya Sepahan Company (data entities, human resources, organizational positions), as well as the classes and attributes present in the organizational ontology.The research was conducted in several sections; initially, by examining the organizational ontology, the classes and attributes needed for modeling the entities and attributes present in the Ehya Sepahan Company were identified. Subsequently, through reviewing organizational documents, the organizational structure, job descriptions, and various departments of the company, the organizational entities and the characteristics of each were identified. With the identification of the entities and main concepts of the company, the necessary classes and attributes were determined. Since the aim of this study was to design a company ontology based on a semantic web data model, alongside the main classes and attributes of its organizational ontology, standard metadata classes and attributes from the Schema.org data model were used. In this research, Observation and documentary methods and a checklist are utilized for gathering the required data.

The findings of this research revealed that the entities of Ehya Sepahan Company are divided into internal and external entities. In total, 9 main entities and 3 external entities were identified for the company’s ontology. Various attributes were provided for each of these 12 entities. A total of 152 attributes were identified for the 12 entities of the company, and these attributes were assigned to different entities. For the internal entities, 147 attributes were used, while for the external entities, 21 attributes were utilized.The findings revealed that most of the attributes considered for company entities are presented in the schema.org standard. So, all the mentioned attributes for Organization, Person, Website, and Product entities in schema.org are consistent with the attributes needed to describe the company entities. the investigation of organizational ontology showed that this ontology has 9 entities and all these entities were used to design the ontology of Ehya Sepahan company. Likewise, the results showed that there is a good alignment between the attributes of the organizational ontology and the schema.org metadata standard. 

Based on the finding it could be said that the entities of the company each possess unique characteristics. Accordingly, specific attributes were considered in the organizational ontology based on the features of each of these entities to provide an accurate and appropriate description of the company and its entities. For a large number of attributes considered for the company’s entities, suitable attributes are provided in schema.org. All the attributes mentioned for organizational entities, such as person, website, and product, align with the necessary attributes needed to describe the company’s entities in schema.org. The reason for this suitable alignment between entities and the attributes of the organizational ontology and schema.org is the comprehensive perspective of schema.org as a semantic web data model for describing various types of data entities.

In general, it can be stated that organizational ontologies are one of the efficient tools for accurate description and knowledge discovery of data entities of organizations that can be used to facilitate and speed up processes and decisions in the organization.

Semantic deviation is one of the artistic and literary tools and methods that, the poet creates innovation in his style of expression and poetic language.. Farzan Sejoudi is one of the famous researchers in the field of semantic norm avoidance, who by combining his views with the views of other theorists of norm avoidance, especially Leach, has given this literary technique a local form and identity, and has divided the types of semantic norm avoidance into two parts, visualization and abstraction, and a regular pattern provided to literature researchers to analyze poetic texts with it. Sanan Antoun, a famous Iraqi poet and writer, is one of the poets of modernism, who has used various semantic deviations to create his own poetic language. The present study tries to investigate the types of semantic deviance in the poems of Sinan Anton based on the theory of Farzan Sajjudi and explains the role of signs and the interaction between them in the formation of semantic deviance in the poems of this poet. Based on the findings of the research, Anton creates a set of signs in the text of his poem with the help of the artistic capacities of animalism, anthropomorphism, plantism, reification and kinetic, and with the help of the game of signs, he deviates from the rules of the standard language and creates a semantic deviation in his poems. The innovative aspects of his poetry strengthen the meaning and give abstract concepts such as war, death, enmity, life, love, peace and altruism a sensual and physical dimension.

One of the devices used in the Holy Quran is the connective such as "إن" and "لو". Given the special role of this syntactic device in understanding the meaning of the text, it is necessary to study  it thoroughly. This inquiry seeks to analyze the syntactic structure and semantic function of this connective device using a descriptive-analytical approach, and then to study its application and semantic function in the Holy Quran. The results show that at the level of syntax, the preservation of the meaning and conditional structure of these two connectives has been accepted by most grammarians. Regarding function, these connectives are used to remove doubt about incompleteness and convey generalization. Examination of the verses also shows that " لو " is used extensively in the Quran, while "إن" is used less frequently, and that semantic function of these words is clearly reflected in all the verses in which they are used.

One of the issues that Hafiz has taken a new look at is the issue of disbelief and confronting intellectual and religious norms, so that this issue has been the focus of various disagreements regarding Hafiz's adherence or non-adherence to religious limits and values, and sometimes It has caused superficial perceptions of his poetry; But in fact, one of the characteristics of mystical poems is the use of cant (bazhnema) interpretation, which can be studied and researched in a wide field of meaning. The present article has been prepared with the analytical-descriptive method and based on content and semantic criticism, and the author has tried to describe and explain the issue of disbelief in Hafiz's mystical thoughts from the point of view of content, and also by citing examples, disbelief verses with a mystical approach. analyze and review. The results of the research show that disbelief is one of the most common methods used by Hafiz to oppose some intellectual and religious traditions, and as a thinker and social reformer, he operated surgically on intellectual and religious diseases with the scepter of humor. He has put ointment on the wounds, therefore, to realize this, he inevitably chooses words and expressions to create a deep transformation in social beliefs by resurrecting familiar mental and linguistic habits, and by using arts such as disbelief, semantic norm avoidance, anti-rationalism, defamiliarization, contradictory images and movement against popular custom and habit, by preserving the artistic life and immortality in this sanctuary to achieve its benevolent and reformist purpose.

The precise conceptualization of the two terms Qarā'at (reading/recitation) and Qārī (reader/reciter) is among the necessities of the historical study of the Quran. Some signs show an important semantic evolution in the concept of these two terms during the first centuries. The semantic evolution of this term through the taxonomic method can be scientifically explained reassuringly. The taxonomic study can confirm the occurrence of this semantic development and explain its reasons. In the historical study of the Qārīs community in the first centuries, a noticeable transformation and change can be seen in the features and characteristics of their community, including jurisprudence, trustworthiness, literature, militarism, and singing. That is, the Qārīs in the first century were the same jurists, but in the following centuries, they gradually became people who had no connection with jurisprudence and piety, and their privilege was in literature and singing.

One of the important cognitive functions is memory. Memory is the process by which information is encoded, stored, and recalled later. Some personality traits, such as perfectionism, due to their positive or negative effects on mood, can act as a mediating or modulating variable on cognitive processes such as types of memory, and even cause cognitive biases in these processes. However, there are few researches on the effect of mood induction regarding the characteristics of maladaptive perfectionism.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of positive and negative mood induction on working, autobiographical, and semantic memory in individuals with maladaptive perfectionism.

This research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population in this research was all the students of Payam Noor University in the center of Tehran in the academic year 2022-2023. The statistical sample consisted of 30 students who were selected using purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: positive mood (10 people), negative mood (10 people), and neutral mood (10 people). Subjects completed Kirchner’s working memory (N-BACK), verbal fluency (GhasemianShirvan et al, 2018), and historical memory retrieval (Williams & Broadbent,1986) tests before and after mood induction. The data were analyzed by covariance analysis using SPSS-26 software.

The results of data analysis showed that positive mood induction can improve working memory scores in people with maladaptive perfectionism. Also, the induction of negative mood can reduce the scores of working memory and semantic memory in people with maladaptive perfectionism (p<0.05).

Based on the results of the present study, positive and negative mood conditions in interaction with the personality trait of maladaptive perfectionism affect a person's memory.

Ibn Faris in his Mu'jam al-Maqāyīs al-Lughah and Raghib Esfahani in his Mufradāt al-Fāẓ al-Qur’ān used the theory of semantic principle in understanding words. This theory was widely and seriously proposed by ibn Faris. In this theory, the practical meaning of a word is known as its semantic essence, its basis or its semantic principle, in such a way that the semantic principle remains with the evolution and change of the word's formulation and form. According to ibn Faris' theory, each word can have multiple semantic principles, and each of the principles has a significant impact on the deep understanding of the word, but, this theory, according to Raghib Esfahani, is based on the fact that each lexical root has only one semantic principle and other meanings return to that principle. This article has reached the following conclusions by using the descriptive-analytical method, the most important of which can be listed as follows: the theory of semantic principle is different from the theory of derivation and is later in rank than it. In many cases, ibn Faris has considered a single semantic principle, and in these cases, he seems to have succeeded in discovering the semantic relationship between words derived from a single article, but in other cases, due to his failure to discover the semantic relationship in order to refer to the single semantic principle, he has been forced to create semantic principles. In some cases, Raghib's view is not consistent with ibn Faris's in presenting a single semantic principle, and in some cases, ibn Faris has acted more accurately than Raghib in discovering the semantic principle. Unlike ibn Faris, in the absence of discovering a semantic connection between the words of a single article, Raghib has contented himself with only mentioning the meaning of that word, instead of establishing and creating another semantic principle, and has remained silent about its semantic principle or its reference to the semantic principle mentioned in that article.