جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "چند معنایی" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

Employing Construction Morphology (CM), the present study aims to examine the Persian compound words, ending in the verb stem “bast”. The data is comprised of 51 compound words and 1791 attested sentences. The latter body of data comes from various reliable sources, including the diachronic corpus of Farhangyar-e Zaban-e Farsi, the synchronic corpus of Persian Language Database, Bijankhan Corpus, Iranian Geographical Dictionary, Zansou Dictionary (1372), Dehkhoda Dictionary (1377), Persian Wikipedia webpage, and Google webpages. The findings suggest that semantic variations of these compounds figure in the concepts of Action, Location, and Instrument. Accordingly, the dominating schema and sub-schemas of theses words, and their relations are described. The study also suggests that approximation- along with metaphoric and metonymic extensions- has a role in the expansion of the schema.

Metaphor and metonymy are applied routinely as ongoing linguistic phenomena in meaning extension. The present study, paying attention to Persian complex verbs, i.e. compound and phrasal verbs containing loanwords, examined the metonymic and metaphoric meaning shifts of the loanwords in Persian light verbs. Evidence is mainly extracted from the Persian Dictionary of Secret Words and is analyzed based on the cognitive model proposed by Ruiz de Mendoza and Galera-Masegosa (2011). The results showed the independence of metonymic processes and the dependence of metaphors on the metonymic shifts. It was also found that the processes involved in Persian are far more complicated. A total of twelve patterns were categorized, eight of which were unique to Persian. Among these, three patterns were based solely on metonymy and others were obtained from the interaction of metaphor and metonymy, namely: metonymic expansion of the metaphoric domain, metonymic reduction of the metaphoric domain, a successive chain of expansion and reduction of the domain, metonymic expansion of the source domain and metonymic reduction of the target domain, metonymic reduction of source domain and metonymic expansion of target domain, double reduction of source and target domain, metaphoric amalgams of two target domains in a single source domain, and metaphoric chain with metonymic reduction of the first source domain. The other four patterns corresponded to ones proposed by de Mendoza and Galera-Masegosa (i.e. metaphoric expansion of source domain, metaphoric reduction of source domain, metaphoric reduction of target domain, and metaphoric amalgams). A total of nineteen patterns were obtained, which shows that human language has a high capability in the interaction of metaphor and metonymy.

Layered stylistics as a branch of modern stylistics in which the structural and content role and value of the works in five phonetic, lexical, syntactic and semantic layers are used to show the ideology governing the text and using this method, the text is free from confusion and There is a semantic interference. In this article, the eighth journey of Sinbad is a play by Bahram Bayzaei as a creative writer, based on the layered stylistic component, and we determined how he was able to bring out the aesthetic effects of this work of art with various stylistic techniques and literary techniques, and also how By analyzing the stylistic basics in different layers, one can understand the intellectual messages governing the text of the work.

The descriptive-analytical method and based on the library sources of Sinbad"s 8th voyage is investigated using layered stylistic components and intratextual evidence.

The main character of the story reaches the level of knowledge and self-awareness by going through hard experiences from the stage of ignorance and unconsciousness. That is, in a way, it is the process of self-knowledge and recognition of phonetic rhythms and musical repetition of syllables and words with high frequency to produce rhythmic and poetic prose in this play.

By combining old and new language, narrative expression, rhetorical effects, objective and subjective images, types of norm avoidance, defamiliarization, etc., Baidaei created a new style as an individual style with the title of poetic plays and fine artistic prose, and also not only this work His drama, but all his drama works are the best example to explain the components of layered style.

Haft-Peykar” is one of the most prominent literary works with symbolic expressions many linguistic capacities of which have ramined unknown. Since the content of a coalition work indicates the meanings of words and their applications and, furthermore, the lexical manifestation of style is rather more in the work than other layers, the analysis of the lexical layer is more effective in discovering the linguistic capacities and artistic connection of language and meaning. This study is an attempt to determine the role of this linguistic structure in creating and representing the secondary narrative by examining the lexical layer, especially the art of word selection in the Black Dome. In order for the words to be effective and for the reader to understand the text more deeply, the poet narrates a story parallel to the story of the Black Dome at the lower level. The choice of terminology in “Nezami’s” words is in appropriate alignment with their value in the textual and hypertext context. Hence, the words that play a role in representing the deep narrative are symbolic codes that provide multiple understanding potentials in the content, and from a structural point of view, they are loops for constructing the continuity in the deep narrative that is constructed and associated with the events of the story in such a way that their omission destructs the perception of the secondary narrative. Paying attention to the frequency and homogeneity take the words out of monotony. On the other hand, presenting the story codes in a polysemous way, calligraphy, substituting the adjectives with nouns, and bringing a personal pronoun before them, are suitable ways to highlight the codes.

Ontologies offer a structured framework for information sharing across various systems and fields. This framework facilitates data integration from diverse sources, enabling accurate searches based on semantic relationships between concepts. Additionally, ontologies allow for analysis and logical inference from datasets, improving information retrieval speed and accuracy in various scientific disciplines, including the humanities and Islamic studies. This research explores the creation of an ontology for weak narrators in the field of Hadith studies, specifically focusing on the book "Ma'refah al-Hadith" by Mohammad Bagher Behboodi, which examines the conditions of 150 weak narrators. By structuring and analyzing the information on these narrators, the ontology aims to facilitate faster and more efficient analysis of the "Causes of narrators' weakness."

Literature Review:

Several research efforts have explored the design and application of ontologies in various disciplines. These studies include:The necessity of creating an ontology of jurisprudence to manage jurisprudential information in the digital space (Hasanzadeh, 2018) 2.Basmaleh Ontology, a Window for Creating an Ontology of Qur'anic Studies (Hasanzadeh, 2021)A network approach in the interpretation of the Qur'an as an infrastructure to achieve the ontology of the Qur'an (Vaseti, 2023) Semantic Hadith: An ontology-driven knowledge graph for the hadith corpus(Binte Kamran. 2023) Creation of Arabic Ontology for Hadith Science(Abdelkader, 2021) Quran Intelligent Ontology Construction Approach Using Association Rules Mining(Harrag, 2013) Arabic Ontology for Hadith texts - A survey(Muhammed. 2024) Building Hadith Ontology to Support the Authenticity of Isnad (Baraka.2014) These studies demonstrate the benefits of ontologies in facilitating faster and more intelligent information retrieval across various fields.

The research method is content analysis using Protege software version 5.5.0. The steps of forming OWL ontologies according to the features of the Protégé software are as follows:Identify concepts, extract them, and document them to create terms.Place these terms in the form of main and sub-classes as well as examples or members in the respective views in the software. Create relationships (attributes) between classes and examples and between these terms and values. Evaluate the quality and effectiveness of the ontology and its ability to support knowledge representation.

The initial data collection involved identifying two main classes in the Protégé software: "Hadith Narrators" and "Invalidation words". Under the "Hadith Narrators" class, the names of the 150 weak narrators were included. The "Invalidation words" class encompasses terms used by Hadith scholars and various expressions indicating the weakness of narrators. Sample sentences from Hadith scholars were placed as examples under each subclass. Object properties were then employed to establish connections between these classes and the specific narrators exhibiting the identified weaknesses. These object properties linked the sayings of renowned Hadith scholars such as Sheikh Tusi, Ayyashi, Allameh Majlesi, and others, to the relevant narrators.

Analysis of the collected data revealed diverse reasons for the weakening of Hadith narrators. Some terms point to the "weakness of the narrator and their character," including instances of deviant beliefs, affiliation with questionable sects, or the presence of negative personality traits that could potentially compromise the reliability of their narrations. Additionally, other terms may signify the "weakness of the hadith itself" narrated by a particular individual. The ontology construction process identified 107 terms representing concepts related to the weaknesses of narrators. Subsequently, 645 examples were incorporated into the Protégé software, all derived from the text of the book and the statements of Hadith scholars.

Ontologies provide a valuable platform within the semantic web, enabling machines to understand and process information in a more intelligent and nuanced manner. Their role in facilitating data sharing and information retrieval across diverse systems is crucial. By creating a structured framework for integrating data from various sources, ontologies empower researchers to conduct more precise searches based on semantic relationships. Furthermore, they enable analysis and logical inference from datasets, ultimately enhancing knowledge sharing within a specific domain. This research contributes to the field of Hadith studies by proposing an ontology for weak narrators. The ontology explores the words of established scholars and analyzes their statements regarding the weaknesses of 150 narrators in "Ma'rifa al-Hadith" by Mohammad Bagher Behboodi. Through this analysis, as many as 107 words or concepts indicating the weakening of the narrators and the number of 645 samples were obtained and by creating an ontology through the two classes "Hadith Narrators" and "Invalidation words" in the Protégé software, a meaningful connection was established between them. This engineered knowledge base facilitates efficient access to information regarding narrator weaknesses and will lead to the collection of extensive information in the field of hadith and the investigation of the causes of the weakening of the narrators, which will provide the basis for wider and deeper research.

Holistic structure studies is a new approach in examining and analyzing works that have a macro-organizational structure. Texts such as Rumi"s Mathnawi al-Masnavi, which on the surface have an irregular arrangement and structure, but if you pay attention to its components with a holistic view, the meaningful relationship between its parts can be interpreted. Safavi (1386) during his studies on the structure of the Mathnawi, shows that Rumi used two methods of "parallelism" and "cross-reflection" to establish a meaningful connection between the stories and concepts presented in the Mathnawi"s six notebooks. In this research, an attempt has been made to study the fourth book of the Mathnawi from the perspective of the holistic structure with the semantic and semantic method to answer the question, what is the semantic structure and parallels used in this book?

The current research was conducted with an analytical method and a structuralist approach based on a holistic and semantic perspective.

The results of the investigation show that the fourth book has seventeen main discourses and the central core of the fourth book is also presented in the "9" discourse. Each discourse has sub-sections and sub-stories, and based on the topic of the discourses, it is the central topic of the fourth book of science, which is divided into three categories: "partial science, total science, and enlightened science".

Rumi"s emphasis is on the necessity of partial and general knowledge scholars to follow Ishraqi scholars. He described the first two groups as needing guidance and learning and considered only enlightened scholars to be omniscient by reaching divine knowledge and the light of truth.

Language has a very significant role in transferring culture and vocabulary; in addition, language, as one of the most important elements, plays a fundamental and active role in preserving and transferring the historical and cultural heritage of a nation. This study is based on empiricism and rationalism, two opposing tendencies in semantics, uses the comparative and descriptive method to do research into the word "cow", compares the semantic system of "cow" in Persian and Chinese languages, and looks at the similarities and differences of this word from the aspects of usages and semantics (irony and metaphor) in the literature of the two languages by exploring fourteen dictionaries. The studies show that the word "cow" in the Persian language has a negative and derogatory meaning and is mostly used as a metaphor for stupid, ignorant of etiquette, and cowardly people; while in the Chinese language, the word "cow" is a metaphor for powerful, hardworking, stubborn, boastful, and selfish people. In the ancient Chinese language, the "cow" is a symbol of status and dignity, and in the ancient Persian language, it is a symbol of fertility; because the cow is one of the most useful animals.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the semantic system of social science teachers in Shiraz city about sustainable social development. Grounded theory has been used. The data was obtained by interviewing, who were 15 social science teachers in Shiraz. The results showed that forces and conditions such as media awareness and foundation, intelligent system design and its institutionalization in the society, the abundant necessity of interaction and global trade in the global village and interaction with international educational and cultural centers are among the causal conditions in the process of achieving sustainable social development. The participants have pointed to conditions such as changing the pattern of consumption and adapting to individual and collective prosperity, changing the pattern of resource consumption, institutionalizing the optimal consumption of resources and reducing environmental crises and creating a favorable educational platform in the society as intervening conditions. According to the participants, contextual conditions, conditions such as the fair distribution of facilities and resources between regions, paying attention to the values of local culture, are an important requirement of sustainable social development. The participants have pointed out consequences such as improving the level and quality of life of the individual and paying attention to human rights and values, using the government's power in allocating resources, social mobilization, participation in the development process, establishing social order, using and benefiting from local capabilities and potentials for development, changes in structures in order to increase people's well-being as the main consequences of sustainable social development.

Emphasis on the importance of qualitative content analysis of oral history data, using new information technology tools and going through different stages of this process, in order to achieve dynamic analysis and new theories. The need for qualitative analysis of oral history sources and effective tools in this field was explained by reference to library resources and its methods and criteria were explained. The increasing progress of research methods in the humanities has necessitated the change of common approaches in this field. Oral history based on process-based system, as one of the most dynamic methods in collecting information, plays an important role in documenting tacit knowledge and publishing documented in contemporary history research. The comprehensive production of data from oral history has required the qualitative content analysis of these sources based on tools, such as semantic word relationships, word weighting, text mining, and analytical and comparative metadata. Qualitative analysis of the content of oral history based on one of the scientific methods in this field, leads to the birth of dynamic analysis and the presentation of new theories. It will be the instrument of analysts in future-oriented projects.

Security, one of God's greatest blessings, contributes to immunity, stability, progress, and peace within the nation and its governing bodies. National security is one of the most important demands and valuable benefits of a nation. When the country's armed forces are strong and authoritative, they can eliminate both internal and external threats. Given the significance of national security, this research aims to understand its components, including its semantic categories, from the viewpoint of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Madazlah al-Ali). The research method employs a logical analysis based on foundational data and is practical in its application. The statistical population for this research encompasses all documents, including the collection of orders and letters from the Supreme Leader regarding national security, during the period from 1367 to 1400 (the research area).

The concept of "decide" is considered one of the most key words in the basic theology of the Qur'an and the belief system of Muslims, and it has always been one of the theological issues of challenge among people. Using the theory of semantic components in the descriptive method, the present essay seeks to explain the concept of generative judgment in a scientific and methodical way. As in the analytical method, it relies on the Quranic data and with an in-text look, it tries to get the meaning-making characteristics of this concept through the examination of the most important words accompanying and replacing the subject of qadha. The data indicate that in determining the meaning-making components of the concept of qadha, attention should be paid to the basic meaning, binding companions such as creation, command, promise, etc. , plays a significant role. Paying attention to these clues led to the determination of components such as repulsiveness, ease and speed of penetration, generality and continuity for the concept of qadha.It is worth mentioning that reflection on the mentioned evidence can give a scientific and precise meaning for the occurrence of each of the words related to qadha in its own context.ease and speed of penetration, generality and continuity for the concept of qadha.It is worth mentioning that reflection on the mentioned evidence can give a scientific and precise meaning for the occurrence of each of the words related to qadha in its own context.

One of the common phenomena in recent years in Iranian society, examined in this article, is the "Arbaeen Walking Rituals." The aim of the present study is to understand the ideas that pilgrims construct for themselves through these rituals. This qualitative research is based on Grounded Theory. The informants of this study were 49 pilgrims participating in these rituals from various cities across Iran. The main findings revealed that the causal conditions affecting the occurrence of the phenomenon of "Arbaeen Walking Rituals" include: desire for religion and expression of Shiite solidarity; contextual conditions: religious concerns and the attractiveness of the destination; intervening conditions: political factors and propagation; strategies of pilgrims: self-restraint and gaining trust; and outcomes: Iran's power display, religious reproduction, and the development of origin and destination, which are depicted in a paradigmatic model. The findings of this study led to the discovery of a theory entitled "Political Will as a Sufficient Condition."

In ancient Iranian languages (Avestan and Old Persian), in addition to inflectional structure, syntactic relations and semantic roles of the core and local cases would be examined. In these languages, the complements of the verb, which can be nouns, adjectives, or pronouns, are represented through case markers that indicate different roles depending on the verb. The representation of verb complements and the function of cases in the accompaniment of different verbs have not been the attention of researchers in this field, except for brief references- it is better to say that the investigation of this issue has been somewhat neglected in ancient Iranian languages. Therefore, in this article, the complements of one of the commonly used and more frequent roots of the Avestan language- but not of the Old Persian- dā, have been investigated. In the Avestan texts, it is mostly found in the meanings of giving, creating, and setting, and in the Old Persian inscriptions, it means giving and creating. According to the analysis of the sentences containing the root dā, the complements of this root, depending on the meaning and context, are shown by the accusative and dative cases in the Old Persian, and accusative, dative, genitive and locative cases in the Avestan. Either of them has several semantic roles, such as theme/patient, recipient, beneficiary, object complement, goal, and location.

The existence of a word in several semantic domains has caused many readers and listeners when encountering this type of words to have difficulty in understanding the meaning of the message and may have a perception contrary to the intention of the speaker. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize the main meaning or meanings of these words and their secondary and practical meanings by using semantic methods. Descriptive-analytical to analyze this root, to recognize its primary and main meaning using the theoretical foundations of semantic knowledge; Then, using the polysemous branch, analyze the factors of its development and semantic expansion. The result of this research is that the first meaning of dawn as the meaning of the head was in accordance with the appearance of luminous objects; But due to the change in adaptation, the active region and the highlighting of some elements of the meaning of the head, it has acquired new concepts such as overcoming, becoming aware, vomiting, filling / filling, and so on.

Sadrai's cultural theory explains the culture based on the principles of transcendental wisdom,especially the unity of the world and the known, on the basis of the unity of humans with common semantic systems. By inferring from principles such as "The physical creation of the soul and its spiritual survival","the reflection of the outer and inner being in each other" and "the correlation of sensory perceptions and intellectual meanings",it becomes clear that cultures are related to spatial orders, which means that every "meaning system" If it becomes a culture, it brings its own spatial order. This is why religion has prepared a special spatial order for the establishment of monotheistic meaning system in the society. This spatial order is organized around the mosque, and the functions and location of the mosque are such that the spread of meaning in the social world of Muslims takes place through the mosque as "the main communications center of the society".The Mosque architecture, which has a great capacity to give meaning, has rules in religious thought, as in the prophetic tradition and the way of Muslims, the position of the mosque in relation to other physical elements of the city is determined in such a way that this holy place gives meaning to other buildings. This giving meaning is achieved by two mechanisms. First, the centrality of the mosque among urban organs. second, the echo of some architectural coordinates of mosques in other urban buildings. These results are obtained by two argumentative-philosophical and descriptive-analytical methods.

Organizational ontologies are a type of ontology that focuses on identifying and documenting organizational entities. These tools provide a common conceptualization of organizational entities and are utilized for representing organizational knowledge, describing organizational structures, identifying entities, and revealing the features and relationships of entities. They also, support the dissemination of organizational data, generated reports, organizational history, human resources, and the roles of each of these through a linked data approach. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to design the business ontology of Ehya Sepahan Company based on semantic web data models.

Research Question(s):

In the present research, the following questions have been addressed:- What are the internal and external entities of the Ehya Sepahan Company and their attributes? To what extent do the entities and attributes of the Ehya Sepahan Company align with the Schema.org data model? How is the organizational ontology of the Ehya Sepahan Company structured based on the organizational ontology of the World Wide Web Consortium?

Literature Review:

Research related to ontology design can be divided into two main categories:2.1. Studies that examine the application of ontologies
The first category includes studies that examine the application of ontologies or the design of ontologies in specific contexts. Research by Sharif (2008), Bavakhani (2015), Hassanzadeh, Kahani, and Pourmasoumi (2016), Mardpour and Dehghan-Tafti (2017), Akbari and Rajabi-Bahjat (2018), Fuchs-Kittowski and Faust (2008), Cavaliere et al. (2019), and Outa et al. (2020) fall into this category. In this context, Bavakhani (2015) explored the interrelationship between ontologies and knowledge management. Cavalier et al. (2019) designed an ontology design model for analyzing video content captured by drones in their study. The findings of the studies in this group indicate that in contemporary organizations, there is a necessity to utilize ontologies in processes related to existing knowledge.2.2. Studies that specifically address the design of organizational ontologiesThe second category includes studies that specifically address the design of organizational ontologies for various organizations. Research by Delavari (2018), Rajabi and Alineghizadeh Ardestani (2019), Gualtieri and Rafolu (2005), Santos et al. (2013), andElnagar et al. (2022) are included in this group. Rajabi and Alineghizadeh Ardestani (2019) presented a data-driven approach to develop an architectural model using organizational ontology. Elnagar et al. (2022) offered a framework for the automatic production of ontologies from an organizational perspective in their research.

This study was developmental-applied research in nature and qualitative research in terms of approach, conducted using qualitative content analysis and design methods. The statistical population includes all entities of the Ehya Sepahan Company (data entities, human resources, organizational positions), as well as the classes and attributes present in the organizational ontology.The research was conducted in several sections; initially, by examining the organizational ontology, the classes and attributes needed for modeling the entities and attributes present in the Ehya Sepahan Company were identified. Subsequently, through reviewing organizational documents, the organizational structure, job descriptions, and various departments of the company, the organizational entities and the characteristics of each were identified. With the identification of the entities and main concepts of the company, the necessary classes and attributes were determined. Since the aim of this study was to design a company ontology based on a semantic web data model, alongside the main classes and attributes of its organizational ontology, standard metadata classes and attributes from the Schema.org data model were used. In this research, Observation and documentary methods and a checklist are utilized for gathering the required data.

The findings of this research revealed that the entities of Ehya Sepahan Company are divided into internal and external entities. In total, 9 main entities and 3 external entities were identified for the company’s ontology. Various attributes were provided for each of these 12 entities. A total of 152 attributes were identified for the 12 entities of the company, and these attributes were assigned to different entities. For the internal entities, 147 attributes were used, while for the external entities, 21 attributes were utilized.The findings revealed that most of the attributes considered for company entities are presented in the schema.org standard. So, all the mentioned attributes for Organization, Person, Website, and Product entities in schema.org are consistent with the attributes needed to describe the company entities. the investigation of organizational ontology showed that this ontology has 9 entities and all these entities were used to design the ontology of Ehya Sepahan company. Likewise, the results showed that there is a good alignment between the attributes of the organizational ontology and the schema.org metadata standard. 

Based on the finding it could be said that the entities of the company each possess unique characteristics. Accordingly, specific attributes were considered in the organizational ontology based on the features of each of these entities to provide an accurate and appropriate description of the company and its entities. For a large number of attributes considered for the company’s entities, suitable attributes are provided in schema.org. All the attributes mentioned for organizational entities, such as person, website, and product, align with the necessary attributes needed to describe the company’s entities in schema.org. The reason for this suitable alignment between entities and the attributes of the organizational ontology and schema.org is the comprehensive perspective of schema.org as a semantic web data model for describing various types of data entities.

In general, it can be stated that organizational ontologies are one of the efficient tools for accurate description and knowledge discovery of data entities of organizations that can be used to facilitate and speed up processes and decisions in the organization.

Understanding the discourse of the Qur’an is possible by understanding its words and meanings. Addressing the meaning of words in the light of existing methods in semantics can provide a broad horizon in setting the semantic network of Qur’anic words. Covenant is one of the key words in understanding the discourse of the Qur’an, the expressive analysis of which in the semantic system of the Qur’an is the aim of the present study. Therefore, adopting a descriptive-analytical method and using the semantic method, this article seeks to answer the question, “considering the semantic components and the relations of companionship and succession, how is the semantic network of ‘the Covenant’ explained in the Qur’an?” The results of the research indicate that in the linguistic application of the term “Covenant”, its basic meanings such as “strength, reinforcement, and consolidation” are considered. Also, in the study of companionship relationships, the verb form of the word “axz” (take) refers to the type of taking the covenant and the verb “zekr” (mention) refers to its basic components. In addition, nominal companionships of the terms like “ahd” (the Covenant) and “qaliz” (strong) highlights the strength and stability of the covenant. Substitutes of this word can be classified into four groups: conceptual substitutes, substitutions based on the concept of acceptance of the Covenant, substitutes within the scope of the provisions of the Covenant, and rhyming substitutes for the term “misaq” (the Covenant). The semantic opposites of the term “Covenant” such as “violation, forgetfulness, deviation, abjuration,

One of the devices used in the Holy Quran is the connective such as "إن" and "لو". Given the special role of this syntactic device in understanding the meaning of the text, it is necessary to study  it thoroughly. This inquiry seeks to analyze the syntactic structure and semantic function of this connective device using a descriptive-analytical approach, and then to study its application and semantic function in the Holy Quran. The results show that at the level of syntax, the preservation of the meaning and conditional structure of these two connectives has been accepted by most grammarians. Regarding function, these connectives are used to remove doubt about incompleteness and convey generalization. Examination of the verses also shows that " لو " is used extensively in the Quran, while "إن" is used less frequently, and that semantic function of these words is clearly reflected in all the verses in which they are used.