جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کلان شهر » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Nightlife was formed due to the developments related to the industrial revolution and gradually became a kind of modern lifestyle, which has undergone many changes until today, and its late form is influenced by postmodern developments. The modern human, who is now caught in the wave of postmodernity, reproduces himself socially in these relationships and as he becomes socialized in metropolises, he starts recreating the metropolitan arena and its social and cultural relationships. In the meantime, the most important of these relationships is the projection of modern capitalist culture and its social and cultural requirements, and as a result, the lifestyle associated with it. Tehran, as the capital of Iran, despite its great capacities and with a population of more than eight and a half million people, lacks nightlife. The purpose of this research is to investigate the social and cultural barriers to create nightlife in Tehran .

The required information was collected by ethnographic method and using semi-structured interview and observation along with participation. The coding of the interview data in the next step has led to the finding of categories that we have analyzed in the conclusion. This research was conducted between February 1400 and April 1401 by ethnographic method. In order to carry out this research, the night life around the four main squares of Tajrish, Azadi, Pizarh and Shush have been directly and collaboratively observed on a total of 20 occasions due to their different spatial, class and leisure characteristics. The impressions of each field session, which lasted nearly four hours on average, were obtained based on recording points from observation, semi-structured interviews, and field notes. Interviews were often short, sudden and random, and only in a few cases led to a follow-up appointment and a longer interview. The conversations lasted between 10 and 50 minutes and these conversations were held between 10 pm and 2 am. After detailed implementation, the notes of the interviews were coded and evaluated at the sentence and phrase level for each of the interviews, and conceptual codes were extracted from the transcripts of the interviews .

After coding the interviews, we found 5 main categories of obstacles to creating nightlife in Tehran. These categories are: lack of infrastructure (including: lighting, public transportation, sidewalk construction, tourist guide and green space), lack of feeling of security (including: lighting, possibility of independent presence of women, possibility of family presence, access to police kiosk), Lack of attention to local culture (including: attention to regional subcultures, the agency of religious, scientific and recreational centers of each region), lack of management and planning (including: facilitating the presence of women, institutional participatory planning, needs assessment and creating space and program, understanding consumption cultural-leisure, legal facilities) and lack of sense of belonging (including: feeling of being forgotten, recognition of marginalized groups, empowerment, creation of nostalgic programs)

As one of the main foci of the development of the modern western world, the city has attracted the attention of western thinkers such as Max Weber, Karl Marx and Georg Simmel. On the other hand, in the Islamic-Iranian tradition, there has been an understanding of the city under Madinah which has caused the theological reflections on the city to become a wide field when Muslims face the Western world. The purpose of this article is to use the comparative-historical study method to show the pattern of Muslim scholars such as Abu Nasr al-Farabi in the confrontation with the Greek Polis and use it in today's confrontation with modern city ideas. For this purpose, we have firstly examined Farabi's critical encounter with the Greek Polis and secondly compared Farabi's idea with Georg Simmel's view. With a critical description, Georg Simmel describes the characteristics of modern city culture and life and explains its components such as the centrality of monetary economy, increasing individuality and alienation, and the like. In the conclusion, according to the insights of this comparative study, other researchable topics in this field have been pointed out regarding the situation of Islamic-Iranian cities in the face of modern cities.

The purpose of this research was to compare and design the development model of citizenship sports in Iran's big cities with an interpretive structural modeling approach. The development of citizenship sports will greatly help to improve the quality of people's lives, the development of social relations, people's vitality and people's health. One of the ways to develop citizenship sports is to identify the effective factors and try to provide the basis for the realization of the factors to help increase people's participation in recreational and public sports. The results of the present research showed that there are 16 factors affecting the development of citizen sports in the big cities of Iran. If proper planning is done and deliberate decisions and actions are taken in order to realize these factors, citizen sports will be on the path of development. The authorities' attention and focus on the factors influencing the development of people's participation in physical activities and recreational sports and citizenship will lead to the increase of people's participation in public sports in big cities. But due to the limited abilities and capacities, it seems difficult to focus on all factors at the same time. It is obvious that the effect of the factors is not the same compared to each other. Some factors are highly effective and some are less effective. Factors that are more effective should be prioritized. The stratification of factors using interpretative structural modeling method allows managers to focus on factors that have more guidance and influence and are effective on the creation of other factors for the development of citizenship sports or play a facilitating role. they do. Therefore, leveling and setting priorities in decision-making and action will make the efforts to develop Iran's citizenship sports more quickly. Hence, in order to determine action and decision priorities, 16 identified factors were leveled using interpretive structural modeling technique.

descriptive and practical in terms of purpose. Data collection was done in the field and in a mixed qualitative and quantitative way. The statistical population consisted of 18 experts in the qualitative section and 70 experts in the quantitative section, including the managers and experts of the Office of Public Sports of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, the officials of the Federation and Board of Public Sports and physical education managers of the municipalities in the big cities of Iran. The data was collected by reviewing documents and experts' opinions and using the Delphi method, a researcher-made questionnaire containing 16 factors for the development of citizenship sports. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 sports management professors of the university and its staff with Cronbach's alpha test (α = 0.86). In order to structure the factors and design the model, experts' opinions, frequency percentage and interpretive structural modeling technique were used.

The results showed that 16 effective factors identified on the development of citizenship sports were placed in 7 levels. The factors of perspective and macro management and comprehensive planning and management were placed at the basic level of the model.

In general, it is suggested that attention to citizenship sports should be included in the macro-directions of the government and the authorities should take the necessary measures to design and implement a comprehensive program for the development of citizenship sports. The institutionalization of recreational sports and the continuous development of citizen sports can be considered as an indicator to improve the level of social well-being. In fact, citizen sports have many social benefits, such as psychological benefits, such as enjoying leisure time and improving individual personality, as well as improving people's health and physical fitness, and finally improving the quality of life. The interpretive structural model provides a new insight and understanding of the relationships between factors and variables and shows a clear structure of a complex issue. In fact, by structuring and leveling the variables in interpretive structural modeling, action priorities for managers are determined and solves the concerns of managers in implementing priorities. In this research, by identifying the effective factors on the development of social participation in citizenship sports in the big cities of Iran, it made the managers more aware of the influencing factors and determined the structuring of the factors, the degree of influence and effectiveness of the factors. Based on the research results, comprehensive planning and management is placed at the lowest level of the interpretive structural model. Therefore, it is suggested that the physical training of the municipalities of the big cities take the necessary action regarding the design and implementation of the program and the accurate implementation of the executive calendar in line with the program of the Federation of Public Sports.

The study is to designing a model for the development of citizenship sport in metropolitan areas of Iran turough interpretive structural modeling approach. The method was descriptive and applied in terms of purpose. The data collection was done in the field and in a mixed qualitative and quantitative manner. The statistical population included 18 experts in the qualitative section and 70 in the quantitative section, including managers and experts of the public sports office of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, officials of the federation and the board of public sports, and directors of municipal physical education in Iranian metropolises. The data was collected by reviewing the documents and opinions of experts and by Delphi method- a researcher-made questionnaire containing 16 factors in the development of citizenship sports. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 professors of sports management at the university and its results by Cronbach's alpha test (α = 0/86). Expert opinion, frequency percentage and interpretive structural modeling technique were used to structure the factors and design the model.The results showed that 16 effective factors identified on the development of citizenship sports were at 7 levels. Vision factors and macro management and comprehensive planning and management were placed at the underlying level of the model.In Conclusion, paying attention to citizenship sport should be in the macro directions of the government and the officials should take the necessary action to design and implement a comprehensive program for the development of citizenship sports.

This study aimed to investigate the role of urban management and cultural adoption of public cycling on sustainable urban development.

The research method was correlation by applying structural equation model approach. The statistical population of the research included Tehran's citizens who were the members of the BDOOD system (N=215/409).  Finally, 319 people were selected as the sample using cluster-random sampling.  These participants were studied in a period of 12 months. To collect data, three questionnaires were used.  The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the related experts using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Also, the reliability was obtained above 0.7 using Cronbach's alpha for all three questionnaires. To analysis data, descriptive statistics were used for data classification, and in inferential statistics, Pearson correlation tests were used in SPSS software and structural equation modeling was utilized in AMOS software.

Based on the results, it was found that urban management had a significant positive effect on sustainable development and acculturation of citizens and acculturation on sustainable urban development. It was also observed that citizens' acculturation plays a mediating role in the relationship between urban management and sustainable urban development.

The results emphasize the need to strengthen indicators such as infrastructure, facilities, aesthetics, culture, security, sociability and geographical differentiation in the future policies of citizens' using bicycles in order to achieve the goals of sustainable urban development, especially sustainable environment and urban health

In a world where development is one of the main goals in societies, addressing metropolitan issues is one of the main bases for the production and distribution of wealth and added value. Competition is the most important tool for attracting advantages and opportunities correctly. In this study, first a brief review of the history of research and then theories and perspectives on the competitiveness of metropolises, and its "key components" and then its role in regional development of Iran and also the relationship between the components of metropolitan competitiveness on regional development. Been paid. Therefore, considering the importance and necessity of this issue, the overall purpose of the research is to investigate the role of Tehran metropolis in regional development. The research method is survey; The realization of the above goal and accurate knowledge of the dimensions of the problem, in the study group, is the study and analysis of the views of experts. Regional development is the result of the role and impact of competitiveness of the metropolis (Tehran). This research is of applied type and in terms of research method, descriptive and survey class in which the type of questionnaire is researcher type. The statistical population of the research consists of 70 professors and faculty members who use the research data using SPSS and Lisrel software were measured. Accordingly, in the exploratory analysis of the first stage (the question of the role of the metropolis in regional development), the results show that all the required assumptions related to the use of factor analysis have been met. The Kaiser-Meyer and Oaklin test is an indicator of sample adequacy. Determined the degree of belonging of variables to each other (causal factor) and as a result, their suitability for factor analysis and also determined the suitability of each variable alone. Considering that its value is equal to 0.79. Assessing the reliability of the extractive factors of the Tehran metropolis role questionnaire in regional development, it is determined that the reliability of the components and the Tehran metropolis role questionnaire in regional development is acceptable. Exploratory analysis of the second stage (metropolis role questionnaire in regional development) in which in this stage, all 3 components of the Tehran metropolis role questionnaire in regional development are examined based on the Kaiser-Meyer and Oaklin test, and considering that Its value is equal to 0.72, so the judgment about it is reported to be good. Considering the amount of chi-square and the significance level of Bartlett sphericity test (P <0.01 and X2 = 62.15), it is concluded that there is a correlation between the factors. And it is observed that all components have an acceptable correlation with the role of Tehran metropolis in regional development. In a world where development is one of the main goals in societies, addressing metropolitan issues is one of the main bases for the production and distribution of wealth and added value. Competition is the most important tool for attracting advantages and opportunities correctly. In this study, first a brief review of the history of research and then theories and perspectives on the competitiveness of metropolises, and its "key components" and then its role in regional development of Iran and also the relationship between the components of metropolitan competitiveness on regional development. Been paid. Therefore, considering the importance and necessity of this issue, the overall purpose of the research is to investigate the role of Tehran metropolis in regional development. The research method is survey; The realization of the above goal and accurate knowledge of the dimensions of the problem, in the study group, is the study and analysis of the views of experts. Regional development is the result of the role and impact of competitiveness of the metropolis (Tehran). This research is of applied type and in terms of research method, descriptive and survey class in which the type of questionnaire is researcher type. The statistical population of the research consists of 70 professors and faculty members who use the research data using SPSS and Lisrel software were measured. Accordingly, in the exploratory analysis of the first stage (the question of the role of the metropolis in regional development), the results show that all the required assumptions related to the use of factor analysis have been met. The Kaiser-Meyer and Oaklin test is an indicator of sample adequacy. Determined the degree of belonging of variables to each other (causal factor) and as a result, their suitability for factor analysis and also determined the suitability of each variable alone. Considering that its value is equal to 0.79. Assessing the reliability of the extractive factors of the Tehran metropolis role questionnaire in regional development, it is determined that the reliability of the components and the Tehran metropolis role questionnaire in regional development is acceptable. Exploratory analysis of the second stage (metropolis role questionnaire in regional development) in which in this stage, all 3 components of the Tehran metropolis role questionnaire in regional development are examined based on the Kaiser-Meyer and Oaklin test, and considering that Its value is equal to 0.72, so the judgment about it is reported to be good. Considering the amount of chi-square and the significance level of Bartlett sphericity test (P <0.01 and X2 = 62.15), it is concluded that there is a correlation between the factors. And it is observed that all components have an acceptable correlation with the role of Tehran metropolis in regional development. In a world where development is one of the main goals in societies, addressing metropolitan issues is one of the main bases for the production and distribution of wealth and added value. Competition is the most important tool for attracting advantages and opportunities correctly. In this study, first a brief review of the history of research and then theories and perspectives on the competitiveness of metropolises, and its "key components"

With the increase of urbanization, many economic and social problems have arisen, so the urban management system using various tools and policies to create sustainable development in metropolitan areas. One of these policies is the development of the entrepreneurial city. The aim of this study is to explain the role of corporate entrepreneurship in the process of forming an entrepreneurial city as a strategy for sustainable development. Also; the role of corporate entrepreneurship in creating the necessary infrastructure to create an entrepreneurial city has been contemplated. The research method is qualitative and grounded theory as an emergent method is used, so that first qualitative data were obtained by examining the research background and using the systematic review method and also using content analysis tools, collection and the basic structure of classification of variables. Then, according to the life experience of the authors of the research, each of whom has scientific and practical expertise in the field of this research, the main variables and components of the research were extracted and finally the conceptual model of the research was obtained. Findings showed that while classifying the components into three categories: 1- structural conditions 2- social interaction of agents and structure 3- outcomes; The entrepreneurial city is proposed as a new policy in the sustainable development of metropolises that the entrepreneurial city is a new policy in sustainable development of metropolises and one of the ways to create it is the development of corporate entrepreneurship so that corporate entrepreneurship and economic performance of metropolises have a positive and significant relationship with each other.

Expanding the external relations of a capital city will create opportunities for a country to internationalize and take advantage of the interactions with the state and non-state actors in the international system. Global cities today are the centers for the spread of different cultural and economic ideas; and they can  promote specific brands and  positive images of the countries to which they belong. The presence of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the big cities would help the international diffusion  of the unique brand of that city. A non-governmental organization, which has no definite history of origin, is a concept that cannot be defined precisely, accurately, and comprehensively. Nevertheless, the undeniable fact is that the growth of these organizations and the gradual expansion of their role have been indicators of globalization. NGOs are increasingly becoming involved in providing assistance to governments to find solutions to  many problems ranging from economic decline to the rising threats to public health and other issues regarding socio-economic development at all levels.  It is assumed that the presence of international organizations in major cities can help countries to become more international. Today, a metropolis must have its own strategic document for internationalization aimed at encouraging transnational communication with different organizations. Tehran, as the capital of Iran and one of the largest and most modern cities in the Middle East, can be the center of international interactions between Iran and other countries; and considering its geostrategic location, it could eventually be the hub of the Middle East.The main purpose of this study is to analyze the consequences of the expansion of the activities of international non-governmental organizations in Tehran for the transformation of this metropolis into a regional and international center. The key research questions are as follows: 1. What are the main advantages and disadvantages of encouraging more activities of international non-governmental organizations in the metropolis of Tehran?  2. How will the increase in these activities affect urban development in Tehran? To answer these questions, the method of qualitative content analysis is used to examine and explain the official documents related to Tehran’s international relations, the effects of interactions of international non-governmental organizations in the internationalization of the city of Tehran.  The research hypothesis illustrates the authors’ assertion that the activities of the international NGOs will increase Iran’s influence in the international system by facilitating international relations of Tehran at regional and global levels, and even the country’s bilateral and multilateral relations with other actors.There were attempts to formulate and adopt a flexible and forward-looking strategy for the urban development of  Tehran based on dynamic documents, which would take into account changing environmental and social conditions of the city, particularly the rapid growth rate of the population. Urban development documents in Iran before and after the 1979 Islamic Revolution have repeatedly emphasized the internationalization of Tehran through the presence and activities of international organizations. Farmanfarmaian Urban Development Plan (FUDP) was one of the first urban plans in Tehran, which was approved in 1966. For the most part, FUDP recommended  policies to regulate land-use in Tehran, elucidated some aspects of the internationalization of Abbasabad hills, and also determined the appropriate location of the international airport in Tehran. Pahlavi’s Shahestan plan was another pre-revolution attempt at city development in Iran and was meant to provide the groundwork for the globalization plan of Tehran which was the first such plan in the entire Middle East region. The first post-revolution urban development plan in Iran was approved in 2007. The long-term vision plan of Tehran municipality was designed in line with the country's 20-year Vision 2025 document, and aimed at turning Tehran into a global city by promoting activities of regional and international scope. The most important aspects of internationalization of this urban development plan of Tehran include: 1. Transforming Tehran into an information city (Iran's gateway to the information age); 2. Turning Tehran into a smart and global city with increasing share of modern economy; 3. Providing space, infrastructure and necessary communications in Tehran to promote the viability and activity of the city globally and regionally.The city planners are aware that they must act swiftly to provide the basic services for the residents, and thus they are advised to rely on collaborations with the influential NGOs to confront the  common health, environmental and socio-economic crises, and more urgently deal with the adverse  impacts of climate change through formal and informal interactions. According to the vision document, by 2025 Tehran will be in a situation where 50% of its GDP will be allocated to knowledge-based economic activities. Tehran's advantages for internationalization include: 1. It has good infrastructure;     2. The city enjoys a valuable geostrategic location because Iran can be the center of regional activities for international organizations in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf; 3. Tehran can also act as a gateway for such activities in Southwest Asia and Central Asia; 4. Tehran is located in a country with relative stable and secure environment for the activities of these organizations in a region where many countries are subjected to internal security threats, wars and terrorism. In contrast, the disadvantages of internationalization of Tehran by relying on the NGOs activities are as follows: 1. The poor communication between Tehran and specialized UN agencies and other international organizations; 2. Lack of sufficient attention to scientific research in the field of international NGOs; 3. Weakness of local governments’ specific laws and regulations for urban diplomacy and international relations of Tehran; 4. Lack of national understanding and consensus about Tehran’s collaboration with international NGOs; 5. the clash between ideological orientation of the Islamic Republic and the capitalist value system; 6. Anti-Iran  sanctions aimed at its economic- political isolation. In their research findings, the authors explain the relationship between the activities of international non-governmental organizations in Tehran by helping to improve the level of Tehran's international relations at the regional and global levels, and expanding the Islamic Republic's foreign influence.

Today, the existing infrastructure in cities, especially metropolises, should be attractive platforms for attracting and cultivating the talents, innovations and ideas of citizens. The importance of creative cities in today's competitive world is linked to big cities that are centers of wealth and innovation. The metropolis of Tabriz, as one of the historical cities of Iran, has always been a source of wealth and technology. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of effective components on the realization of creative cities in Tabriz. The type of research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. Pearson and multivariate regression tests were used to analyze the data and ANP and TOPSIS models were used to prioritize urban areas based on creative city indicators. The statistical population of the study is the ten regions of Tabriz and their population. The research indicators include 10 criteria with 16 sub-criteria. The results of statistical tests showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between all components of the creative city and the level of creativity in the urban areas of Tabriz at the level of 0.000. The results of Pearson test showed that the two variables of creativity infrastructure and creative class with 0.587 and 0.557 had the highest level of significance with the realization of the creative city. The results of ANP model showed that the two criteria of creativity infrastructure and creative class are of higher importance with a score of 0.398 and 0.269, respectively. Districts 1 and 2 have better conditions due to the concentration of creative infrastructure and creative class such as professors, students, elites and doctors. As a result, some solutions such as the development of elite recruitment centers, maintaining the creative class, balanced investment in all areas in order to develop the city of Tabriz based on the indicators of the creative city are significant.

The greenbelts of the cities are the places of spatial organization and connection of natural, social, economic and physical forces and processes in the context of the geographical environment, and they shape the relations and flows of different people and the environment on the political system. Meanwhile, political economy and its affected components are one of the influential indicators on the changes and transformations of urban spaces. The physical-spatial developments of the urban area of ​​Tehran are a function of the political economy of the space more than any other variable, which leaves its effects on the state of its physical, economic and social indicators. The purpose of this research is to identify the effective components of political economy on the integrated management of the urban area of ​Tehran and to solve its problems. The research method is descriptive-analytical, the structural equation technique is used to identify the influential and effective components of the political economy on the spatial organization of the urban area of ​Tehran. The results show that four components, economic, physical, policy-making, institutional, and political economy, explain the Tehran's greenbelt by 86.48 percent, and among the components of the research, the institutional component with a coefficient of 0.956 and the second component of systemization with a coefficient of 0.945 have the greatest influence on the integrated management of urban greenbelt.

Housing is considered to be the main asset in the portfolio of households in the Iranian economy. The changes in housing prices, will change the wealth of citizens over the time and consequently will change the utility of consumption. Given the different composition of assets for different individuals, the change in housing prices will cause different people's wealth to change relative to each other. Therefore, the control of housing prices at metropolises is the most important challenge, the Iran’s Government is facing. The study aims to investigate the causal relationship between macroeconomic variables and demographic factors to predict the average possible price per square meter of housing in ten formal metropolises of the country until 2022 and by presenting scenarios, to provide a context for resolving the mentioned challenge. We used the Vensim DSS software to simulate the research model and system dynamic approach to derive the results.  Findings indicate that a 10% increase in oil prices and exchange rates, taking into account the same rate of change in migration, the growth of housing prices in Iran will reach to an average of 26.43 and 5.6 percent respectively.

Every society in its development process is inevitably faced with a range of different social damages and problems. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of economic development on social inequality in Tehran metropolis. This study can reveal the efficiency of economic development and identify its strengths and weaknesses. Then the theories of classical experts and new theorists in the field of economic development and social inequality were studied and from these studies, indicators were selected to examine the effect of economic development on social inequality in Tehran metropolis. This research has been done through documentary and statistical method during the period of 2006-2011. Pearson and Spearman correlation tests were used to test the hypotheses. Research findings show that there is no significant relationship between economic development and social inequality in Tehran metropolitan area, although with increasing level of development some degree of social inequality was observed. This suggests that Tehran's metropolis is in early stage of economic development.