جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « context » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Nowadays, cognitive linguistics is one of the sciences that is useful in the exact clarification of valuable hidden meanings of the Quranic verses. The theory of "figure and ground" is one of the important issues in this field proposed by Talmy, the famous American linguist. By using this theory, it is possible to examine the semantic relation between the interval words and the context of the verses and gain a deeper understanding of them. "Raḥīm" is one of the prominent Divine Names which has a high frequency in the Holy Quran and has been repeated twelve times in Surah al-Baqarah. By using Talmy's theory of figure and ground, it is possible to analyze the syntagmatic relation between the Name and other Divine Names such as "Tawwāb", "Ghafūr", "Raḥmān", and "Raʾūf" as well as its posteriority between other Names. Analysis of the data shows that the repetition of the Divine Names is influenced by the context of each verse and has its own denotation. On the other hand, according to the cognitive theory, it represents that the position of some of them is more important than others. Meanwhile, the coupled Names "Ghafūr" and "Raḥmān" have the most repetition in Surah al-Baqarah to become their meaning more established in the believers' hearts, and they know that His grace and forgiveness are extensive and include all the Servants forever. Also, the divine mercy, repentance-accepting (Tawwāb), and divine affection (Raʾfat) originate from the everlasting source of His grace. If we consider the divine Names as the ground and the content of the Surah as the figure, we will find that the subject of more than a third of the verses of the Surah are about Allah's presence in life.

Following the search for the explanation of God's enlightened goals for man, Darang in the verses of the Qur'an shows the use of each word in its unique meaning.This matter has sometimes been neglected by some commentators and translators of the Qur'an, and in some cases, they have not given the right to the semantic position of some words as they should. With the aim of compensating this gap, this research has investigated one of these words, the direct word, in the context of focusing on dictionaries, the context of the Qur'an, interpretations and translations of the Qur'an and with a simultaneous view of the meaning, and has tried to use a descriptive method. An analysis should explain the special semantic field of this word in terms of a more precise and informative meaning. The findings show; In the Qur'an, direct is not a complete meaning in the primary meaning of right or ultimately correct, and it induces a kind of stasis, reaching and lack of dynamism to the mind of its audience, but it has a more complete focus in the concept of inviolability, protection, durability and continuity; In line with conveying the strong message of the Qur'an, it has more guidance.

The method of adaptation is always one of the most effective methods in obtaining the truth in most subjects. In the present era, the book of Tafsir Al-Rahman Al-Rahman and Al-Mizan is one of the great interpretations of our era, which in general view the method of ijtihad of the Qur'an to the Qur'an is a characteristic of both interpretations.After explaining the general structure of these two interpretations and referring to the characteristics of each in the position of comparison and application of the method of the Qur'an to the Qur'an, the present article explains the vocabulary and the important issue of the context in both interpretations. The detailed, comprehensive and extensive explanation of the meaning of words is one of the key components of the interpretation of blessings, which truly has a new style. As dealing with the issue of context as a noble innovation is one of the very important characteristics of al-Mizan's interpretation, and finally, it must be admitted that the use of both interpretations can lead us to a deep and comprehensive understanding of the Qur'an, which is the art of this article.

Leadership is one of the most vital roles and duties of a manager. The inadequacies caused by the increase in the size of the government and the expenses of the government sector, more than ever, reveal the importance of changing government management and paying attention to the role of leaders. In this article, the authors have concluded that according to the multiple characteristics of government organizations in the present era, among the theories, models, and new concepts of leadership, attention to characteristics of the leader, follower, and context can be an efficient approach for leadership in government organizations. On this basis, considering human knowledge management with an Islamic and Quranic perspective, a new model has been designed to fill the gap in the literature.

Avolio (2012) believes that leadership comes to the fore when a leader interacts with followers in a specific context, and all work together to achieve a common goal or a set vision. Many researchers have emphasized the need to pay attention to the mutual interactions of the three dimensions of leader, follower, and context. Leadership research has gone through different paths. Leadership in Islamic culture is a blessing given by God to humanity. Talib Hasham (1991) considers leadership in the organization to be aligned with Sharia. The life-giving school of Islam is a comprehensive and perfect religion with rules and regulations for all aspects of human individual and social life. Leadership in Islamic culture is a blessing that God has made available to humanity; for that, He puts a blessing on man's neck. Therefore, in Islamic culture, man is a creature created by God and covers all his needs and shortcomings in his life. The most critical need is how to use facilities and tools i.e. leadership and management. In terms of management, it is logical and necessary for societies to have a forward-looking view of their growth and survival and plan accordingly. Leadership can pave the way for motivating everyone's determination toward the realization of the desired future, decision-making, and capacity-building for the continued life of the organization. Therefore, the present research has designed a new image of leadership by referring to Islamic texts and considering the aspects of the leader, follower, and context to provide a practical solution for the leaders and managers of the organization.

This research was done in a mixed method. For extracting the dimensions and designing the model, the meta-synthesis method and interview with thematic experts have been used, and the structural equation modeling method has been used to test the model. In the qualitative part, the concepts related to leadership in the three areas of leader, follower, and context from theoretical literature, previous research, and native and Islamic studies were summarized and categorized in three stages and led to the identification of 320 basic themes and 20 secondary themes. These 20 themes were finally classified into three main categories: leader, follower, and context. Before meta-synthesis, the advantage of the qualitative method of content analysis was used to extract themes from native and Islamic studies. Based on a sample of 300 experts from defense, cultural, social, and distribution organizations, the quantitative part examined the research hypotheses. The findings of the quantitative section showed that the leader dimension and the follower dimension have a beta coefficient of 0.096 and 0.094, respectively, and the background dimension has a beta coefficient of 0.082.

Leadership is one of the topics that can create the power of clear foresight to achieve goals in both leaders and followers. The findings of the present research show the dimensions of leadership in the three dimensions of the leader with the components of projection and foresight, encouraging and empowering, cleaning and organizing, competence, servanthood and good deeds, the dimension of the follower with the components of self-leadership and multi-dimensionality, empowerment and development, responsibility and resilience, moderation and moderation, jihadi activity and moral virtues and the context dimension with the components of social, political, cultural, economic, legal and legal contexts, security, national and international and technology have been identified and explained. The results of the quantitative section indicate that the combined attention to all three dimensions of leader, follower, and context has been able to explain 82% of the significant impact of leadership. Also, the influence of the leader dimension is stronger than the other two dimensions. The leader dimension alone can predict 93% of the meaningful impact of leadership. At the same time, the correlation of the leadership dimension with the dimensions of leader and followers is stronger than the correlation of the leader and context.

The results of the present study based on the significant impact of all three dimensions of leader, follower, and context in the leadership of Iranian government organizations were consistent with several other studies that emphasized the identified dimensions in different areas of leadership. Also, by simultaneously considering all three structures of leader, follower, and context, it is possible to solve the complexities and dynamics of the environment. In future research, researchers can investigate the mediation role in the relationship between leader, follower, and context and the mutual correlation between these dimensions and its impact on the leadership of Iran's government organizations.

The context is an essential tool in understanding ambiguous meanings and even discovering the intentions of the speaker in the use of letters, words, and sometimes strange phrases. The reader, while reading a text, receives its letters, words, and sayings in a specific mental path and recalls it through the first spaces in which this text was written. The Qur’anic text has received several readings that differ according to the cultural references from which the writer departs. Among these readings is the theory of context and the extent of its impact on meaning. In this study, we dealt with the context because of its importance in defining meanings and understanding the Qur’anic text. The origin of the contextual theory dates back to the ancient Arabs. They had pioneering efforts in caring for the context circle at the scientific and theoretical level, such as Al-Jahiz and Abd al-Qaher al-Jurjani. This topic has also captured the attention of modern researchers. One of them is Sheikh Haidar Hobbollah, who has found foundations and issues that, due to the compatibility of structural aspects with the meanings of the words of the Holy Quran, inform us of the understanding of the text of the Quran and its interpretation in a more expressive and accurate way. It prevents us from making mistakes in the process of understanding the meanings of the Qur'an. We find that the theory of context and the extent of its impact on the meaning was not overlooked by our early scholars, as they were looking at the meaning of the word in the Holy Qur’an without neglecting the circumstances surrounding it. Al-Jahiz, Ibn Jinni, and Abdul Qaher Al-Jurjani focused on knowing pronunciations from the contexts contained. The systems theory of Abd al-Qaher al-Jurjani had a clear impact on defining the meanings of words according to their contexts. We also know that the text and the textual structure have a unique role in understanding the meanings of the text in general, so that the meaning of each word in the text is not determined except through the structure in which it is placed, and that the overall structure of the text may be devoid of content meaning.  Modern scholars may state that the meaning is revealed only through the contextualization of the linguistic unit, i.e. placing it in different contexts. Likewise, the meaning of the semantic units cannot be described or determined except after we have noticed all the semantic units that are adjacent to them. Accordingly, searching for the meaning of words requires an analysis of the contexts and situations in which they occur, even those that are non-linguistic. It is based on the fact that scholars of the orientalists and contemporary Arabs have tried to present various models or divisions of the types of contexts through which the meaning can be directed along with the hidden and secondary connotations that the literary text may not suggest at the first glance. Among these classifications is Kurt Emmer’s four-way division. It includes 1) linguistic, 2) emotional, 3) situational and structural, and 4) cultural aspects. Each of these four areas or divisions includes examples that reveal to the audience the secret of multiple and sometimes different meanings that may occur for a word throughout the context. In other words, this is what leads us to deal with Sheikh Haider's structural thoughts with his semantic view of some verses of the Quran, in order to highlight the importance of this semantic context in revealing the face of the hidden meanings in the Holy Quran as the best and highest literary text that has been revealed so far. The importance of the Qur’anic context lies in identifying the secrets of the Holy Qur’an and its subtleties, as it is a great principle of interpretation that must be relied upon in interpretation. The study identifies the miraculous secrets of the Holy Qur’an from the perspective of Sheikh Haidar Hobbollah and clarifies the impact of the context in knowing the significance of the Qur’anic text. It approves a focal point in examining the facts of the Qur’anic text on the basis of the semantic contextualization approach adopted by Sheikh Haidar Hobbollah.

Context is one of the most important signs in understanding the divine meaning, which is considered one of the main tools of the interpreter in structuralist interpretations. Considering the importance of Saeed Hawwā's Tafsir al-Asās among these interpretations, it is necessary to count the number of times the context is used under each function, and its interpretations are also criticized so that the interpreter's precision has been revealed in using the context in solving interpretive disputes. The research was done with descriptive-analytical method and using library resources, based on the findings of this research, Saeed Hawwā has used from the context in 357 cases, which includes 12 functions, including the development and limitation of the meaning of words, proving the continuity of the verses, which apparently seems to be incoherent, and understanding the type of tools and etc. The multiplicity of functions means the commentator's attention to different subjects. Although Saeed Hawwā has paid attention to the many applications of context, he has not paid attention to functions such as understanding Meccan and Madani verses and surahs, discovering the descent unit, choosing readings, etc., which are among the uses of context. Also, has not paid enough attention to various contexts, and giving priority to one's own opinions and the opinions of others over them, has caused weakness in his perceptions.

The Holy Qur'an is the miracle of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH), in which challenges (tahaddῑ) to it are mentioned in several verses; however, thinkers have had differences in the qualitative and quantitative aspects of this challenge. Using the descriptive-analytical method, this research, which was written in response to the question of wisdom in the difference in the content of Tahaddῑ verses, after quoting and analyzing the existing concepts, by re-reading the verses of the challenge and emphasizing the context, which is one of the most well-known means of understanding the meanings of the Qur'an, proves that challenges are as follows: in Surah Al-'Isrᾱ' the challenge has not been done while a challenge in Surah Yunus with one Surah in terms of explaining the summaries of other holy books, a challenge in Surah Hud repeating the news of the past in different styles and chapters without differences, a challenge in Surah Toor in the way of repeating the contents which not only does not cause boredom but also cause simultaneous in the hearts to tremble and the hearts of the believers to calm down, and a challenge in Surah Al-Baqarah with a surah whose contents are mutually supportive and without any contradictions, even though it was revealed gradually, also from an 'Ummῑ person (as a person who did not go to school), and finally, the challenge in Surah Al-Qasas with a book containing beliefs, rules and morals that guides people in this world and the hereafter.

There are many interconnected conceptual networks in the Holy Qur'an, which can be uncovered with careful investigation. "Fasilah" which is located at the end of the structure of some verses has a close semantic connection with the verses that are close to each other, other verses of the Surah and especially with the contents of the same verse. The main question is that how is the semantic connection between the endings of the verses with each other and with the body of that verse? and could we categorize that connections? Quranic scholars and commentators have recounted limited aspects of this relationship, but the present research is based on the introduction of al-Mizan's effort and its innovations in explaining the relationship between intervals and the content of the verses. Al-Mizan's effort in this field, in addition to helping to interpret the verses, also reveals the wonders and expressive beauties of the Holy Quran. By extracting examples of interpretation from al-Mizan, this research has presented several types of semantic connection between intervals and the content of verses and has reflected Allameh Tabatabai's innovation in this field. Based on the results of this research, in the interpretation of al-Mizan, thirteen types of semantic connection between the distance and the content of the verse can be identified in terms of subject and four types in terms of audience, which are accompanied by numerous evidences from al-Mizan.

A group of Quranic commentators have claimed that the reason for the revelation of Surah Hajj, verse 52 (the "verse of the Prophet's Desire") was an incident in which Satan whispered words affirming the position of intercession of the idols worshipped by the polytheists, while the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was reciting the Quran. Upon discovering the source of these words, the Prophet became saddened and distressed. Subsequently, this verse was revealed, providing solace to the Prophet and informing him that Satan had also made insinuations to previous prophets, but Allah dispels these satanic insinuations and establishes His verses. This study aims to investigate the validity of the claim that Surah Hajj, verse 52 is connected to the aforementioned story. In this regard, an analysis of the textual context of the Surah reveals that the proposed connection is untenable. This is because there is a continuous context from verse 42 to 57, and verse 52 can only be understood within this context. According to the context, the Meccan polytheists were demanding the swift arrival of divine punishment and considered its delayed arrival as evidence of the ineffectiveness of Muhammad's prophethood. The Quran's response to them is that previous prophets also expressed a desire for the manifestation of God's fearsome signs, and in response to these desires, the devils cast doubts. However, punishment eventually came, and God's instructive signs were fulfilled, and the devils' doubts were dispelled.

Analysis of defamiliarization in ‘Alhurria’ as composed by Ahmad Matar within the Context Theory framework. The term ‘defamiliarization which usually appears in the formalists’ works is in fact a major item of their literary theory and implies the application of expressions and strategies to make the discourse as ‘literary’; in other words, it attempts to make the perception of words as unconventional, unusual and unfamiliar. The basic tenets of formalistic theories mainly rely on the criticism of the ‘form’. In this view, form means any element which can create a cohesive composition in relation to other interrelated elements provided that each element plays its role in the whole system. In this way, every part of the text like imagery, prosodic meter, rhyme, syntax, syllables, voiced and voiceless consonants, figures of speech, etc. constitutes the form. It focuses on the intertextual elements and attempts to uncover defamiliarization realizations of the text; therefore, it overlooks issues like the author’s character, and social and historic contextual factors surrounding the literary work. On the other hand, linguistic forms and properties are analyzed so as to examine the cohesion and literary aspects of the text. Since its formulation by Shkolovsky, the Russian formalist critic, defamiliarization has attracted many critical formalism adherents. In other words, formalism embraces the Context Theory and analyzes the literary text including its lexical items, grammatical structure, rhetorical devices and phonological properties. The term ‘context’ has attracted a lot of attention in modern linguistics. In general, a context can be viewed from both linguistic and extralinguistic perspectives. Extralinguistic context refers to the outside of the text conditions affecting and crystalizing the author’s words. In addition to out of the text factors, linguistic function of each textual element in lexical, syntactic, semantic and phonological levels can be analyzed in relation to the linguistic aspects of the text and the way they affect the literary work. The present study, hence, enjoyed a descriptive-analytical research method and a formalistic theoretical framework to show linguistic and inner representations of defamiliarization in ‘Alhurria’ as composed by Ahmad Matar. This piece of poem is composed of lexical items which conceptualize freedom. The poet attempts to illustrate himself or any other free person as a driven away captive distressed by the confinement sufferings. The first representation of defamiliarization in ‘Alhoriah’ can be seen in an overall perspective it presents. It means that the poet gives such an uncommon picture of freedom that one can live a free life even in captivity. Purposeful selection of some lexical items has made the poet’s language as distinguished and prominent. In addition, with respect to defamiliarization features represented in the preceding analysis, it seems that the concept of freedom is depicted such a way that, in depth of captivity and confinement, one can live a free life. Such a freedom cannot be interpreted as the liberation of man’s body from chains and shackles. It is, on the other hand, faith crystalized in the character and nature of the liberated man, spreading over other organs of his body in a way that even the most evident human emotions originated from sorrows and anguish, anxiety and mental confusion are conceptualized very differently from the way they are conventionalized in the native’s beliefs. In symbolic imagery, this concept shows itself as a drop of tear released from the prison of an eyelid as if destiny and the end of all captives ended in liberation, liberation from both material and spiritual imprisonment. This way, defamiliarization offers a far-fetched unconventional imagery of liberty, for the poet has revealed the concept of freedom as a fantastic idea to show that it can be perceived even in depth of captivity. By using verbs with a special semantic load and with a gentle and purposeful arrangement of words next to each other and its coexistence with emphatic letters at the syntactic level, the intensity of defamiliarization of the text of the poem has been increased. Also, in order to induce the sense of violence, suffocation and unpleasantness of captivity and the sense of pleasantness and continuity of freedom, letters have been used in each of the words that phonetically correspond to the linguistic context of the text. The results indicated that the concept of liberty and its confrontation with captivity is depicted unconventionally in this poem. Purposeful selection and arrangement of phonemes, lexical items and rhetorical devices tend to support defamiliarization throughout the text. the Keywords of this study are formalistic criticism and literary defamiliarization and context, and Ahmad Matar and Alhurria.

To understand the process by which Spiritual Intelligence (SI) is developed a group of 21 Tabrizi high school students, along with their teachers and people who interacted with them, were interviewed in a semi-structured way, to the point of data saturation. The collected data were content analyzed and their validity was increased through triangulation and participants’ feedback. Results show that the process of developing SI is rather complex as it is affected by both internal and external factors and consequently can only be described as a set of intertwined stages that their exact order is not fixed, yet with inferences made from the participants’ life experiences and their interpretation of findings, it can be said that the process starts with the realization of the SI’s importance and goes through stages of model selection and gaining of spiritual experiences that lead to consequences among which internal peace and quiet which is conceptualized as the central phenomenon in this research.

Proverb is a form of language that is influenced by culture and also influences culture. Proverbs are widely used in newspaper materials, especially in news headlines. However, due to different cultural backgrounds and contexts sometimes similar proverbs may have opposite meanings. This article will analyze the similarities and differences of Persian proverbs in the context of existing research, and explore how to teach Persian proverbs to non-native Persian speakers through newspaper reading courses. When reading news from different countries, readers may misunderstand the content due to cultural differences. As language learners and translators, it is essential to choose a more appropriate way of translation to enhance mutual understanding and reduce misunderstandings between the two nations.Proverb is a form of language that is influenced by culture and also influences culture. Proverbs are widely used in newspaper materials, especially in news headlines. However, due to different cultural backgrounds and contexts sometimes similar proverbs may have opposite meanings. This article will analyze the similarities and differences of Persian proverbs in the context of existing research, and explore how to teach Persian proverbs to non-native Persian speakers through newspaper reading courses. When reading news from different countries, readers may misunderstand the content due to cultural differences. As language learners and translators, it is essential to choose a more appropriate way of translation to enhance mutual understanding and reduce misunderstandings between the two nations.