جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "phenomenological study" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

To extract the educational implications of student-teachers’ experiences of empathy and cooperation among people during the COVID-19 crisis, a questionnaire with open response questions was constructed by the researcher and then validated by ten experts at Farhangian University. 37 student-teachers who were among the top achievers and were selected by their professors, completed the questionnaire. The findings show that the respondents learned not only about the disease and ways of treating it, but also learned through observation how to be self-sacrificing. Behaviorally speaking, they became more patient, altruistic, group oriented, and verbally communicative. Attitudinally, religious beliefs, as well as a sense of social responsibility, commitment, and positive affects were strengthened.

The current research aimed to design a model for the educational needs of Iranian female heads of the family. This qualitative research had a phenomenological approach and was undertaken through carrying out semi-structured interviews. The statistical population of the study was comprised of all experts in the field of female heads of the family from the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation, the State Welfare Organization of Iran, and the Municipality of Tehran in 2021. For the purpose of sampling, 12 experts were chosen through purposive sampling and the interviews were undertaken until data saturation was achieved. The obtained data were content-analyzed and coded using open, axial, and selective coding. Finally, 5 main components were extracted: “knowledge of menopause”, “knowledge and skills of employment and self-sufficiency”, “development of individual abilities”, “and development of social skills”, and “knowledge and skills of raising children”. Based on the main goal of this research, 34 categories were obtained which were placed in 5 themes, and finally a model was designed for the education of women heads of the family. This model can be used by such organizations as the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation to design educational programs for women heads of the family.

Early marriage, which is known as a global problem, is still widely practiced in Khuzestan province and Ahvaz city. This qualitative study aims to discover and interpret the formation of early marriage from the point of view of married girls and has been conducted with a descriptive-interpretive phenomenological approach. The participants in the research have been selected by purposive sampling method and are interviewed in-depth using open-ended questions, and the information has been saturated with 22 participants. The data obtained after each interview has been analyzed with Smith's (1997) thematic model. Descriptive information obtained from the interview using the researcher's observations and notes and constant comparisons obtained 34 primary concepts, 11 sub-categories and 4 main categories. The findings show that four groups of contexts play a role in the formation of early marriage of women in Ahvaz city, which are: cultural contexts (belief in the effectiveness of early marriage, traditions of patriarchy and family marriage, and lifestyle in accordance with the conditions), social contexts (confirmation by marriage, expedient marriage and freedom from family problems), economic conditions (financial facilities for the marriage process,motivation to finance and freedom from financial problems) and personal factors (misconceptions about joint life and negligence and neglect of responsibilities) cohabitation). As a result of early marriage of women in Ahvaz city, it is mainly rooted in cultural and social contexts, then economic conditions and personal factors.

Trying to establish emotional and intimate relationships with others is one of the important needs of youth. In recent years, with the advances in technology and the emergence of communication technologies, including social media, the crush phenomenon has become common among young people. In the same vein, the aim of the current research was to study crush from the student’s point of view. The research design was phenomenological and qualitative. The statistical population included all of the universitarian students at the University of Tabriz in 2022, who were selected by convenience sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 members of this group of students until they reached the theoretical saturation stage. Data analysis was performed using Colaizzi’s analysis method and identifying the main and sub-themes indicated that the reasons for choosing Crush as a method of communication include psychological reasons such as low self-esteem, shyness, and ingratiate and some social reasons such as rejection by friends, making friends, lack of communication skills, friend's compulsion to have a crush on someone, fear of inferiority and being mocked. According to these findings, it is necessary to provide programs of psychological and educational interventions to improve interpersonal interaction skills.

Emotional divorce and its effects on the family is a topic that has attracted the attention of many researchers. In this research, using a qualitative method of phenomenology, men's points of view on this phenomenon have been investigated. The statistical population included all men who were referred to the Alfa Clinic in Zanjan and Rushd in Tehran in 1400. From this statistical population, 18 people were selected using the purposeful sampling method and were studied using semi-structured and exploratory interviews. It should be noted that sampling continued until data saturation. To analyze the data, the data were recorded and coded and then analyzed using the thematic analysis method. The consequences of emotional divorce from a man's point of view included four themes parent-child communication consequences, relative communication consequences, impact on children's performance, and job consequences. In this sense, this phenomenon can affect the relationships of family members and their performance in different dimensions. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the results of this research to better understand emotional divorce and design interventions to solve it.

One of the fundamental challenges facing our society is the phenomenon of child marriage. Despite legal and psychological opposition, the increasing prevalence of child marriage necessitates study and investigation. The purpose of the current research is to elucidate and explore the lived experiences of children who are spouses in child marriages, along with its issues and challenges. This study employed a qualitative approach using an interpretive phenomenological method. Participants in this study were 15 children who were married off in Shabestar city, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using a hermeneutic approach, applying the analysis method proposed by Diekelmann, Allen, and Tanner (1989). Interviews continued until no new meanings emerged and researchers were satisfied with the depth of understanding. From the analysis of the child spouses' experiences, 894 codes were identified, yielding 5 main themes: "Factors contributing to child marriage," "Hopes and aspirations of children in child marriages," "Perceived harms," "Advantages of child marriage," and "Strategies to empower children in child marriages," along with 20 sub-themes. Strategies to mitigate the challenges of child marriage include empowering children in emotional regulation, strengthening emotional bonds between spouses, successfully managing interactions, and enhancing the psychological knowledge, attitudes, and interpersonal skills of child spouses.

Tourism experience is the real source of destination attractiveness and long-term competitive advantage. Understanding the main factors of tourism experience in destinations is a vital step towards managing and providing a satisfactory destination experience to tourists. The purpose of this research is to study the phenomenological experience of Iraqi buyers in the consumer markets of Khuzestan province. The phenomenological study of buyers' lived experience is a qualitative research method that aims to understand the nature of the experience of buying goods or services lived by people. This study seeks to examine the meaning and importance of the buyer's experience from their own perspective, rather than imposing preconceived concepts or theories.

This research is an applied research in terms of its purpose. And based on the method of data collection, it is descriptive-exploratory. Also, this research is interpretive in terms of intellectual paradigm, in terms of depth and qualitative in terms of the nature of data. The statistical population of this research are all Iraqi buyers in the consumer markets of Khuzestan province, which is the common feature of all the people selected in this research being Iraqis and the "lived experience" of shopping and attending the consumer markets of Khuzestan province. According to the theory of theoretical saturation, the sample size of the research is 13 people, because no new concept or material was added to the interviews in the interview with the next people. The study begins by describing the research context, including the type of goods or services purchased, market or store location, and cultural and social factors that may influence the shopper's experience. Then the researcher selected a group of buyers to participate in the study. The sampling method in qualitative research was snowball type. In this way, the people who were interviewed introduced the next people. The collection tool is a semi-structured interview. Interviews were conducted using open-ended questions that allowed participants to describe their experiences in their own words. After collecting the data, the researcher uses the phenomenological method to analyze the data. This involves interpreting the meaning of the participants' experiences and may involve identifying patterns and common expressions in the data or analyzing the data relative to existing theories and frameworks. The researcher used a hermeneutic approach to analyze the data, which included interpreting the meaning of the participants' experiences. Data analysis is done with Vanmenen's (2006) approach, which is called "thematic analysis", and the obtained model was drawn by MAXQDA software.

From the interview with the participants of this research, 9 main themes and 30 sub-themes (first-level themes) were obtained. The main topics include trade and economy, consumer culture, wealth and income, tourism and entertainment, the possibility of education and treatment, the reputation and credibility of Iranian products, culture, religion and common customs, communication barriers and current conditions in Iraq. . Each of these mentioned factors has sub-topics.

Considering the contribution of Iraqi buyers in the purchase and export of small and partial consumer goods in the country, especially in Khuzestan province, it is important to pay attention to this phenomenon as an important factor in the growth of exports, as well as reducing marketing costs and creating demand for Iranian products, which directly affects the country's production. It is in high strategic and commercial priorities. Consumer choice includes various dimensions such as financial, psychological, sociological and some other factors, so there is a wider scope for consumer research and analysis, identifying needs and purchasing behavior. The academic community as well as commercial companies have conducted a lot of research in the field of consumer behavior in different ways. The purpose of this study is to phenomenologically analyze the phenomenon of the lived experience of Iraqi buyers in the consumer markets of Khuzestan province, which leads to a deeper understanding of this phenomenon and reveals new horizons about the phenomenon of shopping in the consumer markets of Khuzestan province to be a guide for marketers in formulating marketing strategies. This study aims to develop an integrated conceptual framework of tourism experiences in the destination based on the theoretical and conceptual understanding of tourism experience as an emerging topic in tourism research and consumer behavior. This framework helps tourism organizations and policy makers in expanding their understanding of various factors and processes when considering the formation of the tourism experience. By doing so, tourism organizations and other tourism stakeholders can manage the prerequisites for enjoyable experiences for tourists, which are likely to encourage tourists to return to the destination and recommend it to others. The findings of this study revealed several issues related to the lived experience of Iraqi buyers in the consumer markets of Khuzestan province. One of the main topics was the importance of communication and social networks in facilitating trade between Iraq and Iran. Participants described how they advised their family members, friends and acquaintances to navigate the markets and find reliable sellers. Another key issue was the challenges faced by Iraqi buyers, including language barriers, cultural differences and discrimination. Participants described how they often feel like outsiders in markets and have to work hard to build trust with Iranian sellers. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the life experience of Iraqi shoppers in the consumer markets of Khuzestan province. Findings can be used to inform policies and practices that support cross-border trade and promote greater understanding between Iraq and Iran.

The present study was conducted with the aim of "Perception of Arak University faculty members from virtual education in the period of Covid-19 19". In terms of purpose, it is applied and with a qualitative approach of phenomenological type. Potential participants in the present study were all faculty members of Arak University who participated in the present study using the saturation method of 21 people and the questions were asked through semi-structured interviews in approximately 32 to 70 minutes. Data were analyzed using content analysis technique. The content analysis of the interview data resulted in 164 basic themes, 14 second stage organizing themes, 5 first stage organizing themes and 1 comprehensive theme, based on which was the life experience of Arak University professors from virtual education during the prevalence period. Virtual education as an opportunity, lack of technical-social context required for virtual education, insufficient preparation of teachers, reduced quality of education and negative psychological consequences. According to the obtained results, it can be stated that Corona pandemic on the one hand has increased the skills and educational experience of all stakeholders and on the other hand has caused physical and psychological injuries; Therefore, according to the themes discovered from the lived experience of the faculty members of Arak University, it is possible to provide virtual education in a qualitative manner.

In a competitive environment, the behavior of employees has been raised as one of the most important concerns of organizations. Employee behavior can be classified into those that benefit the organization and those that harm it. The first one positively contributes to organizational performance. While the second case is harmful for organizations. These harmful or ineffective behaviors have been given different labels by different researchers, . all of them are counterproductive in nature, which is why they are called counterproductive work behaviors that can harm employees, the organization, and its stakeholders. Considering these materials and the importance of employee behavior, the purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the factors and conditions that cause adverse work behaviors in the petrochemical industry. This study was conducted in order to better understand the causes and effective factors in the occurrence of this type of behavior and to provide solutions for their prevention and management. The research strategy was interpretive phenomenology and the participants were petrochemical workers and technologists. Sampling was done purposefully and based on theoretical saturation, which was achieved after interviewing 21 people. The results of this study led to the presentation of a model with 6 main dimensions (individual reverse behavior, occupational reverse behavior, political reverse behavior, organizational reverse behavior, interpersonal reverse behavior and selfish reverse behavior) for reverse behaviors.interviews. This research is considered an applied research in terms of its purpose. Also, this research is descriptive-exploratory based on the method of data collection and is a qualitative research type. in this study theoretical saturation was achieved after interviewing 21 people. The results of this study achieved to present a model with 6 main dimensions (individual reverse behavior, occupational reverse behavior, political reverse behavior, organizational reverse behavior, interpersonal reverse behavior and selfish reverse behavior) for reverse behaviors.

Many changes took place in teenagers' lives with the coronavirus outbreak. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the lived experience of adolescents during the coronavirus. The phenomenological method was used in this research. The population of this study included all teenagers living in Tehran between January 2022 and April 2022. The participants (10 teenagers based on Inclusion and exclusion criteria) were purposefully selected and studied through in-depth semi-structured interviews. The process of examining samples continued until theoretical saturation. The Colaizzi method was used to analyze the data. Data analysis led to the identification of 2 main themes, 8 subthemes and 34 basic concepts. The main themes included changes in different dimensions of life and coping methods during the global spread of the Covid-19 virus. Overall, this study showed that teenagers have experienced many positive and negative experiences during the coronavirus outbreak. Besides, they have used efficient and inefficient methods to deal with these conditions. This article is an approach to continue the study of psychological reactions and the development of psychological intervention protocols.

Introduction and the problem statement:

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Iran. Understanding non-affected women’s perspectives of breast cancer can effectively contribute to the development and implementation of preventive interventions against this disease. The aim of this study is to give more clarity to our understanding of Iranian women's perception of breast cancer.

Previous studies:

There are a large number of "qualitative" studies conducted on the lived experiences of "women with breast cancer" of suffering from this disease. As a matter of fact, most of the studies examining "non-infected women’s" knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors in relation to breast cancer have used "quantitative" approaches in order to describe demographic variables associated with women's awareness of and performance in performing preventive screenings. The present study is regarded as one of the few qualitative studies on Iranian non-affected women’s views on breast cancer.

In this study, a phenomenological qualitative method was used in order to accurately describe Iranian women’s views about breast cancer, and the data derived from the semi-structured interviews with 39 women aged between 20-40, who were selected in a purposeful manner, were analyzed using the Colaizzi approach. The saturation criterion was employed in order to determine the sample size and evaluate the sampling adequacy. The interviews lasted 25-40 min and were audio-recorded. Also, an interview guide was prepared for the study. The participants were asked to answer a number of questions on four subject areas including (1) women’s knowledge and perception about cancer in general and breast cancer in particular, (2) women's beliefs about the causes of breast cancer (3) women's beliefs about the probability of them getting breast cancer, and (4) women's beliefs about their possible experience in case of breast cancer and any cancer-related perceptions. The data derived from the interviews were analyzed in seven steps by the use of the Colaizzi approach.

This study addressed four aspects including (1) the perceived nature (e.g., scary, symptomatic, shameful, and progressive), (2) the perceived causes (e.g., hereditary, environmental, lifestyle, and psychological factors), (3) the perceived probability (e.g., immunization, acceptance of the possibility of infection), and (4) the perceived outcome of (e.g., harmful to female identity, deadly and treatable if diagnosed early) of the breast cancer in order to better understand Iranian women's point of view about this disease. Thinking about cancer is a terrifying experience for most women. The women who participated in this study considered breast cancer as a symptomatic disease and pointed out the presence of palpable (mass) and visible (bleeding, discharge, and deformity) or understandable (pain) symptoms. They considered this type of cancer as a progressive disease that can spread to other organs and parts of the body. Although they cited the changes that occurred in recent years regarding the acceptance of women-related issues and diseases such as menstruation, uterine cancer, and breast cancer, they believed that suffering from breast cancer, education, and discussion about it is still considered a shameful issue among the Iranian society. In explaining the causes of the disease, they paid more attention to the presence of hereditary factors and considered breast cancer as a hereditary disease. They believed that psychological factors play a critical role in getting cancer. They imagined two paths for the influence of these factors: First, they evaluated the presence of unpleasant emotional moods, e.g., stress and anxiety, as an important factor in the occurrence of breast cancer; and second, they evaluated thinking about the negative aspects of life, e.g., the disease itself, as a cause of the breast cancer.

Several outcomes can be mentioned as implications of this research. Researchers should pay enough attention to the low level of women's information about breast cancer as a result of the lack of proper education in Iran, through either the media or the health education system, due to the taboo of topics related to women's issues and diseases. We found that one of the women's perceptions is that they strongly believe that they are immune to breast cancer; this belief that can be regarded as one of the serious obstacles to searching for information and performing preventive screenings. This immunity that they believe in is based on two main components: the immunity due to not having hereditary factors; and immunity due to avoiding thinking about the disease. Regarding the causes of breast cancer, the emphasis on hereditary factors has led a significant part of women to believe that they are immune to this disease. Therefore, when implementing interventions for increasing breast awareness, the information on the age and genetic background of the disease should be presented with more emphasis and accuracy. In suggesting the reasons for not thinking about breast cancer and, of course, not performing screening, women's other belief about the impact of thinking about the disease and calling it out was among the topics with a high frequency. Therefore, the belief that thinking about the disease is a calling of and prevents women from engaging in awareness training for enhancement of breast health should be corrected by designing interventions targeting at changing the false beliefs. When designing the education related to this disease, women's belief about breast cancer as a scary and deadly disease should be also given enough attention and the high probability of its treatment in case of early diagnosis should be explained. Women's perception that breast cancer is a symptomatic disease leads them to ignore preventive measures for early diagnosis. It also seems that one of the obstacles to preventive measures is the belief in Iranian culture that considers breast cancer as a shameful disease, and consequently, women probably avoid performing breast cancer screening in order to avoid the diagnosis of a shameful disease and the resulting negative reactions. Therefore, the normalization of issues related to breast cancer should be considered when implementing preventive interventions. The results of this study have provided a valuable contribution to the understanding of Iranian women's perception of breast cancer, which can play a critical role in designing interventions targeted at increasing awareness and promoting more effective preventive behaviors among Iranian women, and as a result, reducing deaths caused by late diagnosis of this disease.

During the period of the corona epidemic, the present study aimed to determine the actual experiences of school counselors who provided consulting services to parents and teachers. In terms of objective, the research method was fundamental, while in terms of strategy, it was phenomenological. In Tehran in 2022, the research community included all school counselors. The researcher began the sampling process with the most seasoned professionals in the field of school counseling and continued until information saturation was reached. Seven women and three men were interviewed semi-structuredly for a total of ten participants. This research’s data was analyzed using the Colaizzi method and MAXQDA-20 software, yielding 5 major themes and 18 subthemes. Principal axes of school counselors’ experiences include consulting patterns, obstacles and challenges of providing consulting services, positive aspects of epidemic conditions, characteristics and competencies of counselors, and the pathology of the Corona era through the provision of consulting services. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the provision of advisory services encompasses a vast array of school counselor services and, as an indirect service, utilizes all of the school system’s resources for the development and progress of students. However, this essential service in schools is not yet utilized in an established manner and faces obstacles and challenges, so it is suggested that school counselors receive in-service training.

The current research study with a qualitative approach and descriptive phenomenological method aims to investigate the experiences of Zanjani activists regarding the cultural contexts of development in Zanjan. Using targeted sampling and considering the theoretical saturation of data, 27 people from Zanjan participated in the research. Data were collected and implemented using semi-structured interviews. And then it was analyzed manually. The interview analysis method was based on the seven stages of the Colaisian methodology. Based on the results of the research, the realized cultural fields of development in Zanjan based on the lived experience of the participants are: the development of social and popular institutions, the sense of belonging to family and relatives, the facilitation of the media, the realization of social awareness regarding the position of women in society, the development of thinking Islamic and Iranian and the formation of collective self-awareness. Therefore, the people of Zanjan, along with their accepted traditions, are trying to rebuild their daily life according to global factors, which mostly through new sources and platforms such as global media, virtual spaces and information and communication technologies, as well as local factors, have changed their ways of life. Choose different options.

Late marriage and the entry of unmarried girls into emerging adulthood and middle age have caused them to spend a longer period of their lives single, in the meantime, some girls are separated from their families due to voluntary or involuntary reasons to experience an independent life. This study aimed to identify the challenges and strategies of a solo-living lifestyle in single girls. The research method was a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach which is conducted in 2021-2022. Participants were 13 unmarried girls over 30 years old who lived in their independent homes in Tehran. Participants were selected by the purposive method through snowball sampling. Data were collected with semi-structured interviews and interviews continued until data saturation. Data were analyzed based on the Glaser and Strauss (1967) approach. Dimensions of tendency in solo living, challenges, facilitation strategies, and attitudes toward motherhood have been found. Based on the results the path that has led to the experience of solo living as well as participants’ current situation toward living single by recognizing their challenges, facilitating strategies, and their attitude toward motherhood can be used in social, cultural, and educational planning.

One of the most important concerns of the educational system is the training of responsible people, which is very important for the future and life of students. Students' responsibility is one of the significant and serious issues that exist in the curriculum of all educational systems in different forms. Based on this, the main goal of this research was to represent the experiences and perceptions of teachers regarding the responsibility of female students of the first year of secondary school in Tabriz city.

The approach of the present study is a qualitative interpretive phenomenology. The statistical population of the study was teachers in the city of Tabriz, using a purposive sampling method, 18 people; They formed the research sample. Saturation of the theoretical idea was the criterion for the number of samples. Semi-structured interview tools were used to collect data. After recording the interviews and implementing them, the data and information were analyzed by Dickelman, Tanner and Allen (1989) method. For the accuracy and robustness of data and information in the present study, 4 criteria of acceptability, reliability, verifiability and transferability were used.

From teachers' experiences and perceptions about responsibility of female students in junior high school, 7 main topics including the meaning and concept of responsibility, dimensions of responsibility, necessity of responsibility, responsibility education requirements, responsibility curriculum and strategies for promoting responsibility education and 19 topics Subsidiaries were identified.

Educating responsible Human is the end of most societies and educational systems. Responsibility education, both in the form of formal and informal education, should be given more attention by educators and parents.

The sense of meaning in life is an experience that is considered desirable by the anxious human being of today’s society. This has been noted by researchers in the field of mental health due to the effect that having meaning has on people’s satisfaction and welfare. The present study aims to study the phenomenological methods and styles in people’s lives that lead to the experience of meaning. The present study was a qualitative research using latent thematic analysis method. The research performed semi-structural interviews in 5 focus groups with 33 participants and investigated college Student experiences about meaning in life and methods to achieve them. The six phase strategy of Brown and Clark (2006) was used to extract themes. After analyzing the results, one main theme, two themes and three subthemes was extracted. The main theme is “meaning worktool”, the themes are: “mindfulness” and “responsible action”, and the subthemes are: “agency attitude”, “action”, and “continuity”. The results of this study will be able to help make the experience of meaning accessible to individuals, both in the form of education and treatment that can be cited by experts.