جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « surgery » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Hymenoplasty is a type of surgery to reconstruct the non-existent or lost hymen due to various factors, and its purpose is to restore the ability of the hymen to bleed during the first intercourse after wedding (Zafaf night), and to create a condition that leads to bleeding during the first sexual intercourse. Contemporary Sunni jurists have expressed three views about this act: absolute prohibition, absolute permission and said in detail. In this research, which has been carried out by descriptive-analytical method, after induction and examination of the reasons of all three groups, considering the acceptability and concreteness of the arguments of those who say for restoration, as well as considering the requirements of time and the growing process of restoration among Muslim societies and non-Muslims, as well as the resources available in carrying out this act and preventing violence and the order of oppression and social harassment and the lack of justice for girls whose hymens have been damaged for any reason, also considering the fact that the gender significance of the hymens is derived from social customs and beliefs and has no harmony and tradition with Islamic and jurisprudential beliefs, concluded that the act of restoring one's virginity is desirable and can be preferable because of gaining benefits and creating expediency and creating a peaceful atmosphere without fear of being rejected from the family and society and leaving the marriage forever, of course, it would not be done for the purpose of adultery or adultery.

Each person's gender is an important part of his / her identity and contains the image that each person has of himself / herself as a man or a woman. The aim of this study was to qualitatively evaluate the family problems of trans people before and after surgery.

The method of this study was qualitative and by a psychologist with semi-structured interview tools. The statistical population of the study included all men and women who were identified as trans through the supervised institutions such as universities of medical sciences، welfare and the Red Crescent. Statistical sample was selected by purposive sampling method and questionnaires were distributed among them. In order to analyze qualitative data and extract the desired categories from it، Klaizi method was used.

The results showed that trans family problems before surgery included family opposition with physical and psychological harm، family rejection, deprivation of rights، negative family thinking about surgery and their family problems after surgery. It included the family not accepting a new identity and leaving home.

Therefore, it can be concluded that the prevailing cultural، social، political and economic perspectives in the family and lack of proper recognition of sexual identity disorder cause many problems for people with this disorder.

Between evaluating factors of the success in Sleeve gastrectomy surgery, psychological factors are important because of the personal perception of successful treatment. In this study, the role of anxiety and depression as two common disorders in patients undergoing surgery was investigated. The present study is a qualitative study to investigate the phenomenological method of the lived experience of individuals who went thorough Sleeve surgery. Twenty successful or unsuccessful people in weight loss were selected using a homogeneous Sampling method from all of whom went thorough Sleeve surgery one year ago. The findings show that preoperative anxiety and depression are more focused on related psychological maladaptation or the defect in social function due to obesity and overweight, but the role and importance of anxiety and depression after surgery was more due to temporary fractures or post-surgical abnormalities such as hair loss, lethargy, oversleeping, and so on. Anxiety and depression play important roles in the perception of surgery success so that anxiety and depression give people an emotional feedback about the surgery usefulness. If the surgery resolves obesity-related discomforts, has fewer side effects, one can follow the doctor's instructions after surgery and do not have weight gain, the feeling of anxiety and depression is reduced and the person feels positive about the surgery successful.

Surgery requires a lot of expertise, experience and precision among the various branches of traditional medicine in the Islamic period. The purpose of this study is to find the principles and techniques used by surgeons from the third to the twelfth century A.H. The research method is descriptive-comparative with sample analysis. The results indicate that some of the basic principles and techniques used at this period were accepted from the east to the west of the Islamic world. The surgeons of this period had a clear cognitive distinction of various diseases. Their main principles are precaution, diagnosis of recovery and surgical repair, preventing bleeding and suturing. Another basic principle of Islamic surgery is the need for a surgeon to fully understand the combination of drugs and herbs. Surgical techniques for the ear, throat and nose include: cauterize spot of the ear, cauterize nose, cauterize with medicines in the throat, split from top to bottom in the throat, splitting the width inside the throat, splitting the ear closure, restore root to nose, split with a secret rod technique, object treatment in the ear with split method, cutting technique by lifting method, cut off tonsils and tonsils. In all these stages, familiarity with a wide range of surgical instruments and techniques is very evident. It's cicatrix in the shape of a dot, nail and olive, various hooks, Surgical knife, hard head, drill hidden rod, tweezer, Moving rod, scissor, test url and plier. Also, the Islamic period surgeons for the removal of various objects in the ear and throat, Such as rocks or leeches and worms, used tools such as hooks and tweezers, nipples and pipes.

The science of plastic surgery is one of the achievements of the modern medical science which has two branches, cosmetic surgery and reconstructive plastic surgery. The pivotal question of this research revolves around the jurisprudential reasons for the unlawfulness of cosmetic surgery. It has been proved, after studying and scrutinizing all the associated arguments concerning prohibition, that cosmetic surgery does not lead to a change in the principal human creation because the reason for prohibition of creating a change hold good when the change is metamorphic in the sense that when something new that is opposed to divine creation is created it would lead to legislation in the religion. Additionally, some scholars are of the view that cosmetic surgery is forbidden because it causes one to exit and relinquish the upright religion. This view is uncorroborated and does not seem strong enough to challenge the permissibility of cosmetic surgery. As well, the claim that dying or coloring the original human being is forbidden through cosmetic surgery is also not correct because the term “divine coloring” in the verse 138 of chapter al-Baqarah refers to sincerity, faith and Islam which everyone is bound to follow so that no division or schism ever takes place in the religion. Therefore, this verse does not refer to physical change so that it could be used to prove the prohibition of cosmetic surgery.

Sistan is located in the east of Iran. Given its particular geographical location, specific climatic conditions, and particular political status, this province has enjoyed great strategic significance since ancient times. It is also located at a junction with the fertile and rich Indian subcontinent. Sistan is the land of national myths, the birthplace of epic, the origin of the first advanced human civilizations, the center of urban communities, and the bridge connecting West Asia with Indo-China and the passage way of commercial caravans. During the Achaemenid period, at the time of Darius the Great, Ptolemy referred to the name of AryaPolis for Sistan, which indicates that Sistan was one of the large centers housing a great number of people from the Aryan ethnic origin.The writer of History of Sistan considers its people to be of a beautiful and supreme ancestral race and refers to them as a group of hard-working, powerful, tall, and healthy people. Since its residents began cattle raising and farming, different kinds of art emerged in Sistan and greatly contributed to the formation of the lifestyle of the people living in different regions of this land. The artists and craftsmen of Sistan have created a number of marvelous works and masterpieces which are now ornamenting various art centers of the world. Some of them have also been chosen as symbols in other countries, for example, the windmill of Sistan is presently the symbol of Netherlands.

Analytical and Comparative investigation of the Islamic ophthalmology books¡ such as Al-Murshid by Ghafeqi provides the researcher with an opportunity to extract the fixed principles which have been accepted and used by the most Muslim ophthalmologists. The main purpose of this research is to extract these principles. It secondary objective is to examine the Ghafeqi’s educational methods in this book. The results support the assumption that Ghafeqi had a clear and distinct understanding of the eye diseases. The accurate classification of diseases based on the particular parts of the eye such as eyelids¡ cornea and so on is the first sign of it. Ghafeqi’s principles before surgery include distinct and accurate diagnosis of the diseases based on their appearance¡ location¡ and possible cause as well as familiarity with the surgical instruments. Ghafeqi’s principles during surgery involve observing the precautions. Principles after the surgery comprise stopping the bleeding and suturing. The book starts with the theoretical medicine. After the pathology¡ it discusses the practical (experimental) medicine.

Plastic surgery is one of the modern scientific achievements. There are two kinds of plastic surgery: cosmetic and reconstructive. The focal question in this article is about the legal and juridical arguments on the legality or permissibility of reconstructive surgery. After verifying the references, it was concluded that all Shiite jurisprudents allow this kind of surgery due to the following reasons:1. The reports on the permissibility of treatment also includes treatment surgery with the reconstruction purpose.
2. The human reason considers it necessary to avert harm as well as the harm that may come from illness that needs reconstruction.
3. The principle of 'no unbearable difficulty' allows us to avert the difficulty of illnesses that requires reconstruction.
4. Necessity is the main reason for permissibility of medical activity (such as reconstructive surgery).
The non-materialization of change in the primary creation as a result of reconstructive surgery is yet another reason for its permissibility.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between socio-cultural and family dimensions with perception of gender identity before and after surgery in patients with gender identity disorder in Ardabil province.  This study is functional and descriptive in nature, and it is done with a survey method. The population of the study is all people with gender identity disorder in Ardabil province (20 people). The sample of 12 is calculated by a researcher-made questionnaire. According to the results, the satisfaction from the relationship with sexmates and perception of gender identity is different before and after surgery. Also, the social recognition for person from sexmates after surgery shows more growth, but the figures for the parents and family support from person is vice versa. There is a relationship between mental health, the gender values, self-image, amount of conformity with sexmate behavior and religious belief with perception of sexual identity before and after surgery. The results indicate that, there is no significant difference in family and parents support before and after surgery. On the other hand there is a significant difference in perception of gender identity in terms of style of gender socialization in the family.

Investigating the techniques used by Ghafeqi in incising, cutting, and cauterizing in the book Almorshid is the main subject of this research. Detailed description of Ghafeqi from every disease shows clear and distinct recognition of different eye diseases. In surgery with transverse incision technique in eyelid diseases i.e. cornea and conjunctiva, two flaying and non-flaying methods were adopted as basis of his work. In the cutting method, the techniques used by Ghafeqi include abrasion, picking up and rolling up (eyelid processing). The technique he used in cauterizing is based upon the shape of the cautery including cauterizing by needle-shaped (pointed) cautery and lens-shaped (flat-headed) cautery. Educational path of this book is commenced from theoretical medicine and after pathology he has dealt with practical (experimental) medicine in which detailed description of using appropriate tools and emphasis on observing all precautionary principles in all stages of treatment largely corresponds to the modern methods of this science.