جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « weak » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

The diversity of Islamic sects, beliefs, and rulings has had various effects on the scientific and practical lives of Muslims. One of these effects is the determination of the narrator's attributes in Hadith, which emphasizes that the narrator must adhere to the sect from which he or she received the Hadith and should not be an innovator since every sect considers other sects as innovators. But what is the concept of innovation? And is it acceptable to narrate from an innovator among all sects? What are the reasons for those who agree or disagree with narrating from an innovator? In this article, using a descriptive-analytical method and library research, we examine this principle in terms of narrator's attributes and Hadith narration and answer these questions along with discussing some related topics such as mentioning some innovator narrators in Shia and Sunni ways. As a result, it has been determined that despite some opponents' refusal to narrate from innovators, most Islamic sects absolutely or conditionally quote them since without their Hadiths, many sects' Hadith heritage would significantly decrease. Furthermore, there are differences in the meaning and examples of innovation to such an extent that it is impossible to determine its precise meaning and example unanimously. Therefore, it cannot be considered a real criticism for a narrator regardless of his or her belief or action; rather, his or her truthfulness or falsehood should be considered important.

The infallibles (PBUT) have various and numerous teachings in the position of mentors on the way to God. One of their most important teachings is their prayers, which are full of educational and mystical points and can be a beacon for seekers on the way to God. The Prayers of the Amir al-Mu'minin in the Kufa Mosque is one of the unique religious and epistemological texts, and the present research seeks to clarify some of the teachings of Amir al-Mu'minin in the field of theology and anthropology, as well as providing insight for his followers, with a reflection on some of the mystical references contained in it.

This research is of a qualitative nature, which was done with thematic analysis method. In the implementation of this fundamental research, by using the methods of logical analysis and reasoning, in the process of analyzing the contents of the prayers of Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (PBUH), new propositions have been produced and presented. Thus, first, the mystical references included in this prayer were selected as a statistical sample. Then, by matching those references with verses and narrations and comparing them with the opinions of Muslim mystics, their mystical depth was analyzed and interpreted, and in the process of argumentative analogy, the knowledge contained in them was extracted, and finally, the relevant insightful benefits were presented.

What connects mystics to prayers and supplications is their deep understanding of the presence of God's providence, the burning perception of distance and the pain of exile, and their longing to connect with the Prophet of Truth. Due to the fact that Amir al-Mu'minin's supplications were issued by a perfect guardian, it contains the most complete themes and the most precise points for the knowledge of the self and the knowledge of Allah. According to the mystical content of this prayer, man is a servant, weak, poor and mortal, and on the other hand, God Almighty is the master, owner, strong, rich and remaining. With a deep understanding and intuition of these truths, man can be freed from worldly attachments, sensual airs and moral diseases, and by removing the barrier of "I" and abandoning egoism, he can be connected to the Prophet of Truth, and as a result, many divine attributes (power, survival, healing, knowledge, justice …) appear in the seeker.

One of the most important arguments against scientific realism is underdetermination, so realists should address the argument satisfactorily and give an appropriate response to it. Underdetermination divides into holist and contrastive forms; in this article, we will only deal with the contrastive form. By examining different responses, it will turn out that while they are successful in some cases, there are instances where responses are not satisfactory. Specifically, two formulations of Newtonian mechanics are examined and the examination reveals an important instance of underdetermination that cannot be accounted for by most responses. We argue that the appropriate option is ontic structural realism that can resolve the underdetermination. We also should emphasize that ontic structural realism is empirical and a posteriori, meaning that the truth of its claim must be examined on a case-by-case basis.

One of the most important concerns of Rijāl scholars is how to identify common narrators in problematic sanads. Among the most frequent common narrators may be mentioned of “Ahmad bin Muhammad”, the name that is common by three narrators who lived at the age of Imam Jawad (AS) to Imam Hassan Askarī (AS), including Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Khālid Barqī, Ahmad bin Muhammad bin ‘Isā al-Ash'arī Qomī and Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Sayyārī. The first two narrators are the great authentic Shiite narrators, but the last is an exaggerator and heretic narrator. Using the method of historical and Rijāl study on the personality of Sayyārī and comparing his professors and narrators with Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Khālid Barqī’s and Ahmad bin Muhammad bin ‘Isā al-Ash'arī Qomī’s, the possibility of Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Sayyari is studied here through the Rijāl evaluating criteria.

This study sought to compare the metacognitive knowledge profile of weak and strong students in problem solving. For achieving this purpose, one hundred students of the second educational District of Tehran were chosen by cluster sampling. They responded individually to the questions of "the Metacognitive Questionnaire Interview" and in the next step their performance in the pendulum problem solving task was perused. Then the subjects were divided into weak or strong groups based on their performance on the pendulum task. In order to compare their profile in metacognitive knowledge, repeated measures factorial design was utilized. The results indicated that the main effect of factor A (problem solving ability) and main effect of factor B (metacognitive knowledge) were significant. The significance of the main effect of factor A demonstrates that there is a significant difference between weak and strong problem solvers regarding the pendulum task. Furthermore, the significance of the main effect of factor B shows that there are significance differences between categories of students’ metacognitive knowledge. In addition, the interaction effect of A and B factors was significant which is indicative of the fact that there are different metacognitive knowledge profiles in the two groups. In general, the findings show that metacognitive knowledge plays an important role in problem solving.

Employment and the achieving a desirable job is considered to be the most basic needs of a society. Unemployment has been considered as a destructive social, economic and cultural phenomenon and its elimination has always been one of the main concerns of officials. One of the important issues in the Iranian society is the unemployment of educated people in all academic fields. Information and statistics show the failure of well-educated young people to find a job. However, a group of students has succeeded in finding a job. This study, by relying on the theory of neoclassical scholars in economics and the theorists of social relations network in sociology, explains how these individuals find their desirable job.
This research was a survey and its population included students of Kharazmi University in three levels of undergraduate, postgraduate and PhD at Karaj and Tehran branches. Data were collected through a questionnaire with a sample size of 544 people.
Findings: The informal relationships (social relations network) play a much larger role than the official paths of job search in student employment. Strong social relationships in comparison to weak social relationships, lead to more employment and academic relationships play a very limited role in student employment. Moreover, the findings showed that students from urban areas used social relations network more than students from rural areas and students whose parents had higher education used the social relations network for employment more than students whose parents had lower education.
Employed students have mostly found their jobs through informal relationships and formal job search paths have little effect on student employment. In other words, official job search channels such as recruitment agencies, official job placement sites and job advertisements have not played a significant role in student employment. Only 22.4% of the students indicated that they had found their job through official job search channels, while 77.6% of the students found their job through informal relationships. The social relations network helps people to meet specific needs such as employment. In other words, employment or lack of employment depends largely on the social relations network of individuals. The findings of this study showed that extensive interaction among individuals for obtaining resources and social and economic opportunities is an important issue in economic sociology studies. Considering the results of this study, it can be concluded that the network of social relations is effective in analyzing the labor market in Iran.

In the current era. theeconomyis base for wealth creat and power, in every country. Even countries that are weak in terms of political and military power, pursut to attain power in economic erena. The Islamic republic of iran has paid attention to thismatter and iran has much plan for achiving economic development but the sanctions always have been the major obstaclesaganist to achiving this goal. Such, the recent sanction imposed bu U.S and Europ Union major part of Iranian's economy has affected.in fact. In addition to the past limitations that in the form of trade relation and foreign investment limitation to used. This time to paralyze Iranian economy, prohibitions were considered on financial – bank relation and oil exports, meantime. The Rentier economic structur and weaknesses and inefficiencies government in predict and decision making on time causes until influence of sanctions on country's economy is multiplied. however, it seems to reduce oil-dependent economy (economic restructing) to improve local capacity and to reduce vulnerability in terms of resistance economy and increase trade agreement can be to sanctions won.

This study tries to examine the efficiency of Tehran Stock Exchange and identify factors that can improve this efficiency. The methodology of this research, based on its nature and objectives, is descriptive-analytic. Based on the research objectives, the best way to collect the required data was questionnaire. Also, using independence tests (so run test) we examined weak form of efficiency in Tehran Stock Exchange. Our results do not confirm the weak form of efficiency of capital market in Tehran stock exchange. In order to identify the factors that can improve the efficiency of Tehran Stock Exchange, in addition to analyzing expert opinions, the method of factor analysis has been used. And to determine the degree of importance of different factors, we used Entropy technique. The results show that market information system is the most important one. In addition, some practical recommendations are suggested in this paper.

The aim of this research was comparison of study strategies (cognitive and metacognitive) and personality components in the girl’s students of academic weak and strong of Mazandaran Payam Noor University. The research method was the casual-comparative and research design was two groups. For sampling from among Mazandran Payam Noor centers, randomly selected center 5 and from each center, academic course 5 and from each course, student 8 of academic weak and student 8 academic strong. Thus, final sample were 200(558) girl’s student of academic strong and 200(558) girl’s student of academic weak. For assessment of study strategies used of cognitive and Metacognitive inventory and for assessment of personality components used of Neo short-form personality questionnaire. Dates analysis by using t-test for independent means showed that academic strong students in comparison of academic weak students not only of cognitive and metacognitive strategies more used but also academic strong student’s exception of neuroticism components in the other personality components were more extraversion, more openness, more agreeableness and more conscientionness. Results this research convergence with other researches. These in vestigations showed that study strategies and personality components effective role have in the students’ academic achievement.

Capital market efficiency is an important concept, in terms of economic growth and development. The efficiency of the emerging markets assumes greater importance as the trend of investments is accelerating in these markets as a result of regulatory reforms and removal of other barriers for the international equity investments.According to previous study results that show inefficiency of Tehran stock exchange, investigation of Weak-Form Efficiency Barriers of this capital market will help identify existing limitations, reform future courses of action and eventually promote market efficiency.Therefore, the present research endeavors to study the Weak-Form Efficiency Barriers of Tehran stock exchange and to offer strategies towards improving efficiency and removing barriers. The study method is descriptive-analytical and data gathering is on the basis of literature and case study. In this study, we identified the effective barriers of weak-form efficiency using Delphi method and factor analysis. Thus, the factors which prevent Tehran stock exchange,albeit within BSC four dimensions, from attaining its strategic goals were recognized as barriers of weak-form efficiency. For ranking of the barriers importance, we applied some MADM techniques such as AHP and TOPSIS. We found that, generally, the barriers on the four dimensions of BSC have a significant effect on capital market weakform efficiency. In addition, findings of this study suggest that internal process perspective factors are the main barriers in Tehran stock exchange weak-form efficiency. Also, finally, suggestions meant for improvement and promotion of stock exchange have been given.