جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « امام خمینی(ره) » در نشریات گروه « تاریخ »

Teachers and students were one of the most important social forces emerging from the new educational structure in the country, who took a critical stance towards the unbalanced Pahlavi government’s political and social functions. The teachers and students of Guilan province, like their counterparts in other provinces of the country, after the transformation in the social structure, the expansion of the challenging discourses of the political system and the emergence of the destructive leader named Imam Khomeini, have provided the foundation for the emergence of dissatisfaction and street protests and created cultural and revolutionary activism by participating in protests and marches and distributing and reproducting of revolutionary leaflets and books. This research with descriptive-analytical approach and historical method and relying on documentary sources and oral history tries to answer the question, what role did teachers and students of different cities of Gilan province play in the formation and political mobilization of forces in the Islamic Revolution. ? The findings showed that they were among the pioneers of the flow of awareness and political cohesion to carry out revolutionary action among different strata of the society, and with their behavioral and expressive actions, they provided the ground for the presence of the revolutionary masses in the scene of the revolution..

Political identity is one of the most important issues in the phenomenon of "state-nation building". Since the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran plays a fundamental role in the reconstruction of Iranian-Islamic identity; Therefore, the type of look and its effect in the political dimension of identity is of special importance. In fact, adhering to the goals and ideals of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, which was formed on the basis of Iranian-Islamic identity, strengthens and consolidates the internal structure of the national power of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and as a result, the impact of the revolution on the international level expands in line with its political identity. Considering this issue, the author of the article has tried to search for the internal and external components and the elements of the formation and consolidation of the political identity of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in the intellectual system of Imam Khomeini (RA). Elements such as "independence", "freedom", "neither east nor west", "anti-arrogance", "Islamic Republic", "hostility", "setting a model for other Muslim nations or issuing a revolution" and "supporting Islamic movements and liberation movements" " have been introduced as the most important indicators of the formation and consolidation of the political identity of the Islamic Revolution of Iran and have been analyzed in different parts of the article. In the end, the result was obtained that the existence of the above components caused that, while paying attention to the concept of "inside and other" and relying on self-belief, in the eyes of world thinkers, the Islamic revolution in Iran was different and distinct from other movements and revolutions and caused a fundamental turn in history, especially the way of looking at superpowers.

The origin of the philosophy of reason and the origin of mysticism is love, and it has always been discussed by experts throughout history, which one is original. In this article, the philosophical and mystical attitude of Imam Khomeini (RA) and Rumi, as well as the historical course of these two categories are examined and discussed. Regarding the historical disagreement from the point of view of these two nobles, we came to the conclusion that from their point of view, both categories They are original and fundamental, and sciences arising from both of these categories are necessary for human happiness. In addition to being a jurist and mujtahid, he was a philosopher familiar with all the foundations of philosophy, and a mystic who reached the goal of the mystics, and Rumi was also a great mystic who was not alien to philosophy, and in his poems, he was one of the supporters of reason, and that is general reason. have been; As he says:The partial intellect led the intellect astray, the palate of the world made the man tastelessMaulavi considers the worldly intellect as the partial intellect and the intellect of the other world as the general intellect and considers the world of intellects as the world after this world. Both Imam and Rumi are unity of existence and they accept the unity of personality of existence and they are of the opinion that the single and infinite existence which is the Supreme Being and all existence and worlds of existence are the manifestation of that single existence. It covers all levels of the world and they believe in the originality of existence

With the victory of the Islamic Revolution, various issues and debates were raised in the sphere of Iranian political thought.Whereas the two most important causes of the Iranian revolution were the authoritarian and anti-religious Pahlavi regime, and the Islamic Revolution had succeeded in promoting the idea of ​​the social presence of religion and the role of the people in the social arena; These two principles played a key role in the formation of the post-revolutionary system.During several decades of the revolution and its entry into deeper and epistemological layers, it became necessary to explain and strengthen the foundations of the political system and determine its relationship with other systems in the world arena.The presence of a liberal democratic system and the support of Western civilization for this system and the universal claim of its supporters doubled such a necessity. One of the first and most important issues was the relationship between the two systems, which was proposed in the form of "the relationship between Islam and democracy." Although this issue existed in the whole Islamic world, but because a kind of democratic system was formed in Iran and in fact it was achieved from abstraction to objectivity and realization,it was seriously raised.These debates culminated when the Supreme Leader introduced the theory of "religious democracy"as a system derived from Islamic thought in exchange for a liberal democratic system.This article examines the autonomous discourse according to the principles of Islamic thought and the intellectual principles of the leaders of the Islamic Revolution

One of the strategic concepts in Imam Khomeini's thought that, in addition to national dimensions, has international aspects for the Islamic world, is unity in the Islamic world. According to Imam’s thoght, Muslims need unity, solidarity and empathy for development and elevation and moving away from Islamic unity is one of the factors in the transformation of the Islamic system and the process of civilization. Regarding its importance, the present article tries to answer the question of the effects of Islamic unity and on the other hand the negative consequences of moving away from unity (division) for the Islamic world and Islamic countries from Imam Khomeini's point of view, using descriptive-analytical method and library resources. Results show that Islamic unity promotes Islamic Ummah's security, progress and dignity against Islam's enemies. And if instead of unity, division spreads in in the Islamic world a single Islamic nation cannot be realized and that ends up in the destruction of pure Mohammadan Islam, dominance of great powers over the Islamic world and the distance of Islamic societies from lasting and comprehensive independence.

At the beginning of the imposed war in September 1221 , Iran entered the most important crisis after the Islamic revolution. Imam Khomeini, as the Islamic Revolution leader of Iran, took control of this war and managed the affairs. The purpose of this paper is to investigate Imam Khomeini's military tactics in confronting the invasion of Iraq in the eight-year period of holy defense. The main question of this research is that what was the role of Imam Khomeini in the management of imposed war. The hypothesis of this paper is that the management of imam has been made up of his valued framework as the political and spiritual leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Consultation and contribution of military experts and role of coordinator of political and public forces was a prominent feature of the revolution leader management. Using historical methods and documentary analysis, this query looking for that explains the military dimensions of imam’s tactics in the midst of the imposed war management. On the basis of the findings of this study, Imam Khomeini as the chief commander of all the forces from the early days of the invasion of Iraq to Iran, considered the war as a phenomenon that could threaten the Islamic Republic and the foundation of Islam. He managed the issue of war and defense against the enemy's invasion as an individual who was faithful to the principles and foundations of ideal goals. His military tactics was in the line of assigning professional tasks of the war to the military experts: Supervising the trend of war developments in defense fields, the role of Coordinator, the coordination of armed forces and especially the ability to mobilize people's forces can be clarified. Efforts to strengthen the Revolutionary Guards and the use of combat and defensive power of this force were also the main military tactics of leader of the revolution.

The Islamic revolution is one of the most prominent revolutions of the twentieth century. This prominence had not been for apparent reasons like the territorial expansion or the number of deaths and...; But it returns to greatness in theoretical foundations such as (existentialogy, epistemology and anthropology) and goals and ideals of the revolution. Based on such a attitude, the purpose of this divine movement, was not merely the fall of the puppet government, or the displacement of political power, but also it is the founding of a new universe and a new plan for the future of humanity. . This new universe can be interpreted as a new Islamic civilization. Now that the early inflammation of the revolution has gone and its maturity stablished, it is necessary to consider this potential and capacity to have a deeper attitude into this social phenomenon. Because the correct understanding of the revolution is necessary and its’s an introduction to the formation of civilization. In other words, the stage of civilization does not mean the completion of the revolution stage, but its evolution and its growth. Definitely, the final evolution in its primary bed, the revolution, is formed, and in fact, the formation of civilization is the last stage of evolution and prosperity of the revolution. This article is looking for this attitude with such a "descriptive causal" method and taking advantage of the thought of the leaders of the revolution (Imam Khomeini and Ayatollah Khamenei).

The collection of the speeches of Imam Khomeini (RA) is one of the great treasures of contemporary Islamic and revolutionary knowledge which is the comprehensive charter of the Islamic Revolution and in which the civilization-making and goal-oriented attitude of Imam Khomeini (RA) is regarded as a civilization-making social capital. The concept of a civilization-making social capital can be considered as a set of understandings which resut in the establishment of optimal relations and participation of the members of a society and prepares its capacity for accepting the great civilization. Therefore, after explaining the concept, dimensions, attitudes, theories and models of social capital and the great Islamic civilization from the viewpoint of scholars, the aim of the present article is designed based on the theoretical abstract conduct in the thought of Imam Khomeini (RA). In the present study, the most important factors of civilization-making social capital of the Islamic Revolution from the viewpoint of Imam Khomeini (RA) are investigated which include raising for the sake of God, believing in Imam Mahdi (Aj), public nature of the leadership of the revolution, reviving the thought of fighting against oppression and seeking justice in Islam, the legendary and amazing will and resistance of the great nation of Iran, believing in the unseen assistances and creating Islamic revolutionary systems.

Viewpoints of Imam Khomeini (RA) as determining criteria in recognizing the scope of cultural requirements and necessities of the realization of modern Islamic civilization are, on one hand, not correctly understood, and on the other hand, their weight among other criteria is not assessed. Therefore, the present article seeks to determine the cultural necessities of establishing the modern Islamic-Iranian civilization from the viewpoint of Imam Khomeini (RA). He never analyzed civilization independently, rather by applying content analysis method, his viewpoint can be analyzed in this regard. In transformation theories, priority is often given to political and cultural development; however, in the viewpoint of Imam Khomeini (RA), civilization or development are only established on the basis of religious cultural categories. The findings of the article show that emphasis on the Quran as the central point and based on it, consistency of religion and politics, the necessity of good governance, critical application of western civilization and positive or conditioned freedom are some of the cultural necessities of establishing modern Islamic-Iranian civilization in the thought of Imam Khomeini (RA).

Upon formation of intellectual, political, religious, and nationalist movements in the history of Iran, certain activities were staged to confront foreign influence and change in the political structure of the country. In the meantime, Nationalization of the Iranian Oil Industry was an outstanding movement, which took place upon integration of two religious and nationalist movements against foreign colonialism and domestic despotism.
The principal question of this paper revolves around the role of religious movement in nationalization of the oil industry and on what the impact of this experience was on formation of the Islamic Revolution in Iran.
The methodology of this research paper is descriptive-analytical based on library sources and documents.
Based on the findings, the religious movement had had a pivotal role in formation of the Islamic Revolution in the country. It seems that without the influence of this movement, the probability of the occurrence of nationalization of oil industry movement would be low. In early years after the culmination of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, Imam Khomeini enjoyed the experiences of the religious movement in nationalization of oil industry.

Iran and Saudi Arabia are the main actorsin the Middle Eastbecause of the breadth of the lands, huge repertoires of oil, geopolitical situations. They have a considerable influence in the development of the Middle East. Saudi cities of Mecca and Medina, their claim on the leadership,along with their strategic ties with the Muslim world and America made this country an influential one. Iran also claims to be the leadership in the Muslim world with an independent policy and a supporter of Islamic countries and movements. Due to the desire of both countries to expand their influence among Islamic countries, there is a stiff competition between them. This article seeks to answer the following questions: What were the causes of the decrease in Saudi-Iranian relation in the first decade after the Islamic Revolution in Iran?
What were the factors contributing to this challenge and tension in relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia?
What was the impact of Islamic Revolution in Saudi-Iranian relations?
What were the impact of religious and ideological differences on relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia?
What were other contributing factors in relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia?
The study is based on the assumption that relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the first decade after the Islamic Revolution has been accompanied by challenges and stress so that relations between the two countries have been strained. Reasons for the worsening of relations between the two countries in this period are: the ideological nature of the two countries, the Islamic Revolution and the fear of its export to Saudi, competition in the power block and the role of regional powers, imposed war, Hajj Ibrahim, Palestinian issue, oil and gas geopolitics of the Persian Gulf, the Persian Gulf Council and so on.
This descriptive and analytical study is based on primary sources and the research methods is library research. In some cases, the documents Documentation Center and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs were used.

The Freedom Movement of Iran is among political groups that were active before and after the victory of Islamic Revolution and joined and supported Imam Khomeini during his stay in Paris. Knowledge and experience of organizational work helped the movement to form the first cabinet after the victory of the Islamic Revolution. During the Iran-Iraq war, especially after the liberation of Khorramshahr, based on some basic religious principles of Islam, the movement adopted different positions and practices, compared to the revolutionary forces. Regarding the continuation of war or terminating it, the stance of the movement was different from revolutionary forces. Freedom Movement's stances on war fluctuated from full support to harsh criticism of the authorities of the Islamic Republic. They followed a foreign policy based on good neighborliness and détente through diplomatic channels. Finally, a fundamental shift in their stance and political discourse after the liberation of Khorramshahr, side by side with their isolation from political scene, turned them into a dissident minority within the system. This article is an attempt to study the attitude of the Freedom Movement of Iran towards the Islamic Revolution and the status of Iran-Iraq war in their political discourse. Positions and performances of the Freedom Movement in various stages of the war has been studied within the framework of discourse analysis authored by Laclau and Mouffe as well as Martin White's theory of continuity of the Revolution and the War

The national celebration of 2,500 years of the Persian Empire, held in 1971, was the greatest publicity and applied program of the Pahlavi government. Despite diversified problems pressing the country, since 1958 the Pahlavi regime embarked on celebrating 2,500 years of the Persian Empire founded by Cyrus the Great. The regime pursued certain goals by observing sumptuous celebrations and they had considerable consequences. This paper has used documentary-library method with a descriptive-analytical approach to study the objectives behind holding these sumptuous ceremonies. Studies show that seeking nobility for the royal regime in Iran, revival of obsolete and distorted ancient Aryan values, abandoning Islamic culture, and gaining international prestige and reputation were among the major objectives behind Holding National Celebrations for 2,500 Years of the Persian Empire.

Emergence of young generation is one of the most important changes in Islamic world in recent century. If their vital mental and intellectual needs are not taken into consideration by Islamic societies, it will lead to disastrous consequences and deviations, including tendencies toward West and depersonalization of young people which can be presented through different forms. The present subject was not analyzed accurately in previous researches, they mostly emphasized on insufficient statistical aspects; therefore, the question of the present paper is: Why young Muslim people have tendencies toward West? Domestic elements and mostly the role of post-colonization along with characteristics of young people are the main reasons of their tendency toward West. Acknowledging the reasons of tendencies toward west among young people and more importantly, finding a proper solution to make the best use of the potential among them in development are the main goals of the paper. Historical study along with analytical examination are the applied methods in achieving the goals. The necessity of applying a strategy, prevention, planning and behavioral modeling are the findings of the paper.

Imam Khomeini made the best endeavors on modern political concepts. But how did he present these modern political concepts in traditional Islamic semantic system from 1340 to 1360 (S.H)? Early researches show that Imam Khomeini, in his method, applied both religion and Ijtihâd (independent reasoning) which are based on considering modern and traditional concepts similar in external form and opposing in conduct. The present paper applied discourse theory in order to answer the raised question of the paper, because it´s been supposed, discourse theory has the ability to analyze extensive and scattered subjects in the process of localization of modern political concepts in Imam Khomeini´s semantic system. This analysis is based on fundamental components like: Nodal point, Domination or Hegemony, Availability and Credibility, Antagonism, Dislocation and etc. The purpose of the present paper is to show the ability of tradition in dealing with modernity. The most important finding of the paper is presenting a new method in analyzing and describing political issues as the tradition (of all Muslims) focused on Shia tradition; (in this method, the author presents a new method which is based on Shia tradition).

Intellectual movement of Imam Khomeini, on one hand led to a magnificent change in public opinion and beliefs of people on a global scale, on the other hand being the leader of this movement, Imam Khomeini was able to employ the theories which he contemplate in order to achieve his sublime aims and ideals, in a glorious perspective of Islamic revolution. Taking this attitude, if we consider intellectual movement of Jamal ad-Din Asadabadi, it should be said we admit the greatness of his movement in terms of its influence on a global scale, especially in the realm of public opinion of Muslim societies, and it is considered as a milestone in contemporary history of Islamic world. The question of the present paper is: What are the background, characteristics and resolutions of Jamal ad-Din in Islamic awakening, in comparison to Imam Khomeini’s? The assumed hypothesis in order to answer the mentioned question is: The background, characteristics and resolutions employed by Imam Khomeini were the most appropriate decisions in order to accomplish his intellectual and revolutionary movement; while Jamal ad-Din’s movement lacked these characteristics. Therefore, Jamal ad-Din could not achieve his ideals thoroughly. The purpose of the present paper is to consider Imam Khomeini’s movement as a model for Islamic awakening. Because the writer is trying to make a comparison between the background, characteristics and resolutions of Imam Khomeini’s movement and Jamal ad-Din’s, and illustrate their results, the present paper will employ an analytical – explanatory research method. The findings of the present paper show that elements such as Marja’iyah (religious references), Hawza-centrism, religious democracy, the doctrine of Wilayat al Faqih (guardianship of the jurists) and establishing Islamic government helped the intellectual and revolutionary movement of Imam Khomeini accomplish its ideals; while the intellectual movement of Jamal ad-Din Asadabadi lacked these characteristics.