جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Islamic State » در نشریات گروه « تاریخ »

This article uses a descriptive and analytical method toexamine the Mu'tazilites' views and attitudes about the homeland, people and race, human equality according to the Mu'tazilite school with emphasis on the ideas of the Mu'tazilites and in this regard, examine the criteria of superiority. And criticizes the walls of discrimination that some governments have raised as criteria of superiority. Jahez, like other Mu'tazilites, considers equality and piety as the most important values ​​of the Islamic State, although in some comments he agrees with the early Umayyad caliphs due to the stabilization of social and class positions of individuals and the observance of some Islamic values ​​desired by the Mu'tazilites.Keywords: moral foundations, Islamic state, hegemony, Mu'tazilites

The demise of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) marked a turning point in the formation of a new political system in the administration of Islamic society. The fledgling Islamic government faced two strategies: Caliphate and Imamate Proponents of each of these two strategies considered themselves worthy of leading the Islamic government. The Saqifa community paved the way for the caliphate to prevail over the Imamate, while the proponents of the Imamate rejected the theory of the Caliphate, but ultimately gave way to the caliphate within the framework of expediency. The main purpose of this article, which has been compiled in a qualitative and descriptive-analytical manner regarding historical sources, is to explain and analyze the role of expediency in the formation and acceptance of the caliphate system. The main question of the research is what role the idea of ​​expediency has played in the formation of the caliphate system in Saqifa and the actions of the first Islamic caliph. According to the findings of this study, the idea of ​​expediency has played a key role in the dominance of the political system based on the caliphate over the Imamate system in the Saqifa community.

Various theories have been proposed by Islamic thinkers regarding the formation of the Islamic government, one of the most important of which is the thought of Allameh Mawdudi and the thought of Ayatollah Khamenei as one of the greatest Islamic thinkers. The thought of these two thinkers, despite many similarities, also has fundamental differences; one of these fundamental differences is the relationship between the Islamic state and the Islamic country from the perspective of these two thinkers; According to Mawdudi, the priority is to form an Islamic state, but according to Ayatollah Khamenei, the priority is to form an Islamic state. In this article, while comparing the ideas of these two thinkers in terms of the relationship between the Islamic state and the Islamic country, in the end, the best relationship and its reasons will be pointed out.

Rebellion is one of the most important topics of political and governmental jurisprudence in the history of Islam, the origin of which is verse 9 of surah hojorut. If two groups of Muslims fight and fight against each other, peace and reconciliation must be established between them, and if one group overcomes and oppresses the other, they must rise up against the oppressor to fight the cause of God. But most jurists refer to this verse as the exclusion of obedience from the righteous Imam. According to the arguments and evidences in the era of rebellion absenteeism, there are also exiles against the Imam's successor, who is also the universal supreme leader, in other words a rebellion and an uprising and uprising, etc. Confrontation with the insurgents and the rebels is carried out by the Supreme Leader and the Islamic ruler. Based on the Alawite Book and Sire, and the Islamic state due to its importance and position from the beginning, especially during the reign of Imam Ali and the Prophet. Islam is confronted with such behaviors with the axis of the jurisdiction. Therefore, for any kind of treatment with the Outlaws, one should turn to the Prophet's function and, before taking any violent action against the Outlaws, give them guidance and guidance and answer any possible doubts. The main purpose of this article is to study the subject of rhetoric in historical and jurisprudential manner, using descriptive analytical method and library study tools.

The first controversial issue after the death of the Prophet (PBUH) which led to division among Muslims was the issue of succession, political and religious leadership of Islamic society. Moreover, the early Islamic centuries marked the beginning of political and religious disputes and the emergence of sects with various ideas in Islamic society. The formation of the Khawarij flow in the event of Siffin in 37 AH and opposition to the Arbitration process caused a division among Imam Ali's troops. Their extremist ideas in the political and religious spheres led to a war against rulers and slaughter of oppositions and a division in the Islamic community. Moreover, In the last century, a new and innovative idea entered the arena of the Islamic world and took over the lands of Iraq and Syria under its influence and rule. Indeed, the ideas of ISIS stemming from Wahhabi thought which can be considered the ideas of Ibn Taymiyyah and his Simultaneous thinker like Sayyid Qutb. This research has been done by a descriptive-analytical method, and collecting data was done through librarya and internet sources in to order to answer these questions: What are the similarities and differences between the political and religious movement of the Khawarij and ISIS in the establishment of the Islamic State? It seems that the Khawarij and ISIL with their extremist religious ideas considered many Muslims as opposition for themselves who has to be slaughtered. However, in the political arena, ISIL succeeds in establishing its Khilafat in a short time at the land under its rule. However, Khawarij never had an opportunity to establish any kind of Islamic state except War and bloodshed and political turmoil.

Islam has a particular social, economic and cultural system which contains special rules and regulations for all aspects of individual and social life and it does not accept anything apart from that for the welfare of society.These systems are based on the vision and a particular values and their aim would be preparing the base for achieving human to worldly and otherworldly happiness.This paper aims to identify, evaluate and analyze the components and the main entities of the economic system which includes the government and the market. Analysis of features and functions of Islamic government and market in the era of the Prophet and his practical model have had an important place in the history of Islam and Muslims which have been less addressed.Prophet Mohammad was the first founder of Islamic state and one of the drastic measures of the Messenger of Allah in economic field was the establishment and remaking markets that was mostly in authority of Medina’s Jews. In point of view of the Prophet reforming the market system, consideration to the merchant’s issues and encountering with perpetrators decisively, giving attention to the investment community and deploying them with an efficient management in building lands and development of productions and also paying attention to original attempt and tolerating of difficulties can be useful in destroying poverty and inequality of society. In addition the Islamic state is naturally responsible for directing and monitoring the Market.