جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "دانش" در نشریات گروه "ادبیات و زبان ها"

Contemporary literature offers a rich source of studies on the subject of women, and the poems composed by women in this field require much more attention. Parvin Etesami is one of the prominent poets who, in her poetry, expresses desires, shortcomings, inadequacies, and the need for society's attention to the valuable and significant position of women and family. This research, conducted through a descriptive-analytical method, focuses on determining the position of women in the poems of Parvin Etesami, demonstrating that, according to her, the only weapon for women's struggle against inadequacies, the restoration of their rights and achieving their proper position in society, as well as the advancement and growth of the family, is the pursuit of knowledge. In other words, by acquiring knowledge and raising awareness, women become capable and empowered to fulfil their roles more effectively. Overall, this article aims to explain and examine the position of women and the family in the poems of Parvin Etesami, a prominent contemporary poet

As English teachers’ professional competence may be affected by different factors, it is necessary to investigate Iranian English teachers’ perceptions of professional competence with respect to the role of gender and teaching experience. Hence, the aims of the present study are two-fold. First, to explore the Iranian state school English teachers’ perceptions of professional competence and its components. Second, to investigate the role of gender and teaching experiences in the Iranian state school teachers’ professional competence. To this aim, a total of 338 state school English teachers, including both genders were selected through a random sampling method. The participants responded to the professional competence questionnaire, developed and validated by Khodadadi and Maghsoodi (2020). The collected data were analyzed using the calculation of the percentage of each item, a Freedman test, an independent sample t-test, and a one-way ANOVA. Findings evidenced that the professional competence components, including knowledge, skills, and attitudes were considered important by the participants. Additionally, the results documented that there was not a statistically significant difference between the male teachers and female teachers concerning their professional competence. Furthermore, the results disclosed that there was not a statistically significant difference among the participants of different teaching experiences. The study ends with presenting a range of implications and suggestions for further research.

One of the most recent approaches in reading and criticizing literary works is cognitive linguistics. Conceptual Metaphor Theory is one of the first and main theoretical frameworks in Cognitive Semantics. According to it, metaphor is not just a matter of word, but it is about thought and reason. In all of conceptual metaphors mapping is primary, and they use a source domain language as a pattern for showing the target domain concepts. Cognitive megametaphors in which are needed to understand the literary works, talks about a conceptual discourse model which treats the undercurrent aspects of texts. In fact megametaphors are set of macrostructures in linguistics which built by other conceptual metaphors in superstructure of the text. According to cognitive approach and by using the data poems; »The book«, from Now a Girl is my Homeland (2011) by Sherko Bekas and »The Good Book« by Abbas YaminiSharif, megametaphor of "knowledge" will be discussed. The main questions of this study are: how Bekas and YaminiSharif used different kinds of conceptual metaphors and in which ways these micrometaphors in the undercurrent of the poems, form megametaphor at the superstructure. The results of the study show that wisdom, education and book are the most common concepts in these poems, and all of these concepts appear in the realm of knowledge megametaphor.

Afzal al-Din Kashani is one of the great philosophers of Iran in the sixth and seventh centuries (A.H) who, just like Suhrawardi, created a philosophical system with connecting philosophy and intuition, which was not based only on abstract wisdom and pure philosophy, but also on "enlightened vigilance and wisdom”. It was precisely from such a system that a strong emphasis on "self-knowledge" and enlightenment about the nature of self as a human was created. The intellectual heritage and treatises of Baba Afzal are important and worthy of studying in many ways; Including: the extent of his knowledge and information in different fields of Islamic philosophy, Greek philosophy, literature, ethics, political philosophy, mystical teachings and even antient Iranian culture ; Simple language, explicit and free from complex and abstract metaphors and concepts of the era, and the use of Persian words and equivalents instead of Arabic ones; Paying close attention to the right way of thinking and the fundamentals of wisdom and the full application of virtues and good morals in life. this article tries to analyze the three motifs of "vigilance, wisdom and knowledge" from Baba Afzal’s point of view, based on his writings; and to show that these three terms, while being closely related to each other, are in complete contrast with elements such as negligence, obscurity, and death. The result of this research shows that in Kashani’s work, "wisdom and virtue" are two sides of the same coin which lead to "truth".

This study aimed at developing and validating a questionnaire for measuring Iranian English teacher competencies. Upon the survey of the literature, three constructs, and 42 sub-constructs were identified, and after examining the content validation by a group of expert panelists, the final questionnaire was developed with 36 su-bconstructs. Its reliability was then assured via test-retest method (r= 0.91), and split-half method (α= 0.92). The final questionnaire was filled out by an available sample of 305 graduates of English language. The data were gathered and both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were done. The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated that only three factors of knowledge, skills, and attitudes can be extracted from the questionnaire. Moreover, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that all regression and correlation coefficients among underlying latent variables were standard ones and the suggested model had acceptable goodness of fit index. Therefore, it is suggested that the proposed model of teacher competencies in the questionnaire is supported by both types of factor analyses.

Teacher cognition and language education are important in general and also important in terms of language teacher education in particular. The purpose of this study was to investigate the English teacher education program and its effect on the cognition of novice/experienced English language teachers in Iran. The authors employed purposeful sampling to select 150 participants from five Farhangian University Branches in Iran. The researchers constructed and validated a computerized cognition questionnaire, suggesting there was a significant difference between the novice teachers' beliefs before and after instruction. However, the results of Paired-Samples t-test demonstrated no statistically significant difference between the experienced teachers' beliefs. The instructional material was the centralized content for all English language teachers studying at Farhangian university in Iran. An analysis of findings also indicated there was a significant difference between novice and experienced teachers’ knowledge after instruction. The present study may have some compelling implications for English Language and teacher educators, material developers, and syllabus designers in Iranian programs.

Discussion about interaction between power and knowledge is one of the most challenging issues of Foucault's thought. Foucault's approach represents a reciprocal relationship between power and knowledge so that, as the producer of knowledge is power, the opposite is also true. In this sense power along with knowledge, plays a disciplinary role to greatly increase the disciplinary and Punish techniques of the society. Humanities and social sciences is one of the areas through which power -knowledge creates power relations-based discourses and results in authority and domination over mankind. In literature which allows the writer to declare his/her social and political thoughts, power-knowledge relationship appears latently, so you can see authors thoughts and ideologies apparently in his/her works. The use of Persian prose texts as the evidence of power’s hidden hand as Foucault believes, can reveal a big portion of its mechanism. In this article we will try to analyze power performance in the process of knowledge production in political sciences (criminology and punish) on the basis Persian prose texts.

The religious reformist discourse seeks to present and re-interpret Islam in accordance with the circumstances and conditions of the time, in order to relieve it of its distortion and dogmatism. This discourse in the Islamic world, in addition to the effects of changes from the new intellectual and practical processes, is heavily influenced by the building of the political power of its place of birth and evolution, in the sense that the religious reformist ideas of a period of time with consideration Their place of birth and evolution are distinct from each other. Sayyid Ahmad Khan's political thought as one of the religious reformers in India is also heavily influenced by the construction of political power in the country. Thus, the question of this paper is how did the construction of political power in India affect Sayyid Ahmad Khan's thinking? The construction of India's political power, which is an outcome of British colonial rule over its political, social, and cultural processes, seems to have been influenced by Sayyid Ahmad Khan's intellectual orientation toward religious reform in order to improve the situation of Muslims in the Indian community. This paper seeks to assess the hypothesis by using Foucault's knowledge-power theory and using a descriptive-analytical method based on bibliographic and reference materials.

This article studies “diction” in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh. Diction has different meanings and is so frequently used that amounts to the signification of “speech” as one of the bases of “thinking good thoughts, saying good words, and doing good deeds” in Shahnameh. Ferdowsi based his versification of Shahnameh on this so-called triangle to depict a clear picture of man’s life as he deserves it, i.e. a worthy life founded on this triangle. In his Shahnameh, Ferdowsi has used the term “diction” more than two thousand times, either as a single, derivative or compound word, in its literal and metaphorical senses. Then the researcher has tried to scan and study the term in all its form as used by Ferdowsi in order to discover his viewpoint of this signifier – as the sole distinction of human and animals – and its relation to the signified. Although parallel researches can reveal the significance and function of every single word in the structure of this masterpiece of Ferdowsi, the word “diction” undoubtedly matters more, for it is his only means both to narrate his Shahnameh and to express his knowledge and wisdom and his understanding and judgment. Moreover, studying “diction” in Shahnameh brings out Ferdowsi’s adroit use of the term and lets us know not only how he thought about the world but how the characters of his narratives uncover their true selves through speaking.

Langacker provided new schema-based descriptions of linguistic categories when he was questioning traditional theories of categorization. Langecker''s model of grammar deals with the reflection of grammatical subsystems of concepts related to space and time in language. Also he explains how phenomena such as attention and point of view are encoded in language. The present research aimed to explore the differences of the three groups of sighted، semi-blind and blind students in terms of usage and distribution of linguistic categories.

sampling method in this research was matched sampling method. So the sighted student group matched with visually impaired group in socialfactors. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire revised after validity and reliability analysis. The new revised questionnaire was applied on three groups. Participants were 160 students being educated at a primary school. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed a higher mean rank for sighted groups in most of the linguistic categories on the questionnaire. In Longacker''s terms، the three groups'' differences of mean rank were more considerable in questions asked about relational categories rather than nominal categories. Also in line with previous research، the present study shows that semi-blind students acquire abstract words at older ages compared to their sighted and blind groups. The results of this study highlight that visually impaired students have a lower mean rank in both relational and nominal categories. It can be concluded that the visual perceptual impairments can cause serious damages partly to nominal categories and more widely to relational categories.

The present research tries to study the connection between wisdom and happiness in ShahName by Ferdowsi and compares the results with the poetry of some Persian and Arab poets to reach in a conclusion.
Since the opening verse of this great national literary work has started with the name of God of life and wisdom, this beautiful opening shows the value and high status of wisdom. The capable and skillful scholar defines life in the scenes of struggle with a deep vision and thought and through showing ethical characteristics from one hand and
warning human beings to avoid vices on the other hand, he looks for the achievement of happiness. And since wisdom is one of the most joyful ways of feeding the soul it creates self-confidence and paves the way of development and happiness in life.

Today in the age of knowledge, those studies are considered scientific and worthwhile which precede analysis and result in new knowledge. In this essay, by investigating more than 3450 Persian language and literature theses, it is suggested that they are mostly descriptive in nature and are limited to tabulating and classifying information. Some of the observed problems are: nonexistence of scientific and literary universalism centralization on presenting literary information nonexistence of an appropriate research proposal, design and methodology working on general subjects and finally repeating previous studies.