جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "زن" در نشریات گروه "ادبیات و زبان ها"

This article examines the gender role schemas in Virginie Grimaldi’s And That Only the Sweet Moments Last (2020) and Zoya Pirzad’s We Will Get Used to It (2006) based on the theory of gender role schemas by John Stephens. Literature, especially the novel, has a significant role in the formation of mental schemas among its audience, considering that it addresses mostly the young generation. In the above-mentioned novels, these two contemporary authors depict many examples of gender role schemas in their society. The main characters of both novels play the role of middle-aged mothers in their communities. What has raised the necessity of writing the present article is the need for the examination of the differences and similarities of the challenges faced by women and single mothers and how to face them in these two cultures. The main question addressed in this article is what are the most frequent gender schemas in the two novels and have these two authors succeeded in breaking the negative feminine-maternal gender schemas? The analysis of the events, behavior, discourse, and personal and social lives of the characters based on Stephens’s theory of gender role schemas shows that Grimaldi has been more successful in fulfilling the task. She has been able to adjust and modify the negative schemas in the main character by maintaining positive female schemas. Although Pirzad has tried to de-stereotype by attributing several secondary, and sometimes superficial, male schemas to the main characters in her novel, she has not succeeded in breaking the dominant negative schemas of women.

More than any other culture, tribal culture discriminates against people. It's obvious that women make up the majority of these victims. In these cross-cultural interactions, victimization is a dynamic and ever-evolving process. The researcher is misled by the floating status of individuals, which makes it difficult, if not impossible, to pinpoint the primary offender at the level of society. The cultural ideals that serve as a compass and a source of identity for individuals are the problem. Tribal culture has several strains of commodities. A person can occasionally be brought to the level of material things and treated as a commodity that can be traded for one thing or another. It can frequently be illogical and unreasonable because it is filled with confusion and retaliation. Without reason, the avenger behaves like explosives and serves a terrible purpose. In the best-case scenario, it conceals the truth, and falsifying one's identity is the result of concealing reality. The reversal of values is a source of energy for tribal culture. The aforementioned issues with women are addressed in the book "The Role of Deer Hunting." Two sisters who are denied their human rights due to the knot of tribal ties are the book's main protagonists. This article has attempted to demonstrate how women in Afghanistan are denied their fundamental rights before they become victims of patriarchal mindsets and tribal cycles.

In the history and collective and national identity of every nation, women are an influential element, as women self-work has become an archetype. A woman affects her surroundings with every role and emotions, and one of these influential roles is women loyalty. Epic stories reflect emotions and feelings and the way people think in a period of history. The Shahnameh and the Ramayana are among the world literary epics in which women play a significant role. One of the prominent characteristics of the women in the Shahnameh and the Ramayana is their loyalty, and this is the characteristic of women loyalty that makes them not hesitate to do anything great. And the chain of incidents and big events in the epics. The present research with a descriptive-analytical and comparative method aims to deal with the expression of women loyalty in two epic works and world classics, Shahnameh and Ramayana. The results of this research show that the expression of women loyalty in Shahnameh and Ramayana is different. These differences are rooted in religious and ethnic beliefs and the nation view of women. Loyalty of Shahnameh women is associated with sacrifice, tradition, courage and bravery, but in Ramayana, adherence to traditions and beliefs and pure submission is a sign of loyalty.

Myths, as one of the essential components of popular literature, encompass culture and its dimensions, including the thoughts, beliefs, customary and ethical rules, as well as the perspectives and worldview of society. They convey a significant portion of the culture of nations to future generations through written and oral forms, utilizing simple and comprehensible language and tone. Women, as part of the human community, have always played an active role in the realm of myths, engaging in behaviors that are either performed by them or attributed to them. These actions are referred to in Propp's model as "functions," and the totality of these functions reflects the image of women in the myths of a nation. The present writing aims to descriptively and analytically examine the image of women and their functions in Kurdish myths, drawing on Vladimir Propp's model, and to explore the roots and factors influencing societal attitudes toward women from this perspective using library resources. Based on the research findings, women in Kurdish myths appear in roles such as daughter, wife, mother, maidservant, old woman, stepmother, neighbor, mother-in-law, aunt, and so on, with frequency order according to their presence. In terms of functions and roles, they perform as malevolent, heroines, princesses, false heroes, benefactors, senders, and helpers. The role of "daughter" has the highest frequency among the characters in Kurdish myths, while "malevolence" ranks as the most frequent function, indicating the society's negative perception of women and their behaviors.

Abstract Proverbs are among the rich cultural resources of every people and nation, which have presented an image of the life of the past and ancestors of that people in front of the eyes of today's generation, and they are a reminder of the national identity of the society and contain the beliefs and attitude of the people of their times. As a pillar of society, women have always been in the center of attention in different societies, oral traditions and proverbs have presented contradictory images of women, sometimes showing an ugly and ugly image and sometimes a balanced and beautiful image of her. And, the two great peoples, Lor and Arab, have a lot in common due to the type of tribal and tribal life. One of these common themes is the common themes that prevail in the oral tradition that governs both cultures. In this research, descriptive-analytical method And it has been tried in the form of library and field resourcesThe proverbs of Lori (Kohgiluyeh and Boyar Ahmad provinces) and Arabic proverbs centered on women should be analyzed in a comparative way to determine the image of women in the mirror of the proverbs of these two peoples.

The oral literature of each region is considered a type of folk literature, which can be used to understand the different aspects of the culture and literature ruling that region and the way of thinking of its people through its analysis and investigation. Proverb is one of the components of popular literature. Some proverbs have a gender bias. In every culture, gender proverbs indicate the social status of men and women. In these proverbs, the society's expectations and demands of each gender (male and female) have been specified. Examining the place of women in common proverbs in the city of Dahaqan - one of the districts of Isfahan - can show the thinking and mentality of the people of this region about women. The purpose of this research, which was conducted in the field-library method, is to examine these proverbs based on cognitive distortions, which are considered a subset of cognitive errors and part of the topics of psychological science. Examining the proverbs based on the above-mentioned foundation will provide a detailed understanding of the position of women in this city. The results of this research show that some cognitive distortions were involved in the formation of gender proverbs in the city of Dahagan, which include: all or nothing thinking, overgeneralization, hasty conclusions, Emotional reasoning, Should Statements, labeling.

Among the contemporary story writers, Moniro Ravanipour has talked about nature and the direct and indirect relationship of its elements with human life, especially the female sex. Therefore, nature is considered one of the foundations of this author's stories. On the other hand, many feminist movements in the contemporary era emphasize the destructive role of men in the ecosystem. Referring to the historical oppression of men against women, these feminist movements emphasize that gender discrimination has not only harmed the interests of women, but has also threatened nature with complete destruction. In the present research, citing library sources, the method of qualitative data analysis and the method of inductive reasoning of the collection of stories of the devil's stones by Moniro Ravanipour are analyzed with the framework of the theory of eco-feminism in mind. Finally, the role of women in arranging the nature and the relationship with its manifestations should be revealed, and also, the destructive function of men in this field should be discussed. In this research, among the approaches of this theory, the basics of cultural/symbolic interaction have been mentioned, which states that women and nature are conceptually, symbolically and culturally related. The results of the research show that the female characters in the novel The Devil's Stones share the characteristics of fertility, childbirth and nutrition with nature. Also, the symbolic view of these elements can be seen in the lower layers of Moniro Ravanipour’s thoughts. In addition, things such as the vividness of the elements of nature from the perspective of women, the tendency of women to magic, the representation and creation of dualities of man/nature as well as woman/man, women's special interpretations and readings of environmental changes, the effects of distance The taking of man from nature has been reflected in the collection of Satan's Stones, which in all cases is consistent with the principles of eco-feminism.

Attention to the status and literary characteristics of women's literature in contemporary literary criticism is closely linked to the growth and success of women's writing and related topics in this field. This includes women's identity, their style of speech, and language, each of which can be examined in more detail. In this context, one can explore the emotional elements of women and the aesthetics of their speech. Among contemporary female poets who have infused their words with affection and passion, elaborating on the traits of womanhood, is Ms. Susan Alivan, a Lebanese poetess. Through her thoughts and reflections, she aims to change her society's view of women and present woman as a model of sincere emotion and the essence of affection and vitality. She draws attention to women's latent capabilities and talents. This article takes a descriptive-analytical approach to introduce this poetess and analyze the aesthetics of her feminine language on four levels - phonetic, lexical, syntactic, and communicative - within her poems. It also delves into her personality traits, writing style, and the beautiful spirit that shines through her work. Examining the poetic beauty in this poet's work reveals a strong rhetorical power and artistic depiction. Her words present a miracle to the literary community, particularly women, through gentle poetry and heartwarming discourse. She portrays the status and role of women in society while reshaping societal attitudes towards women's capabilities as a means to strengthen social bonds.

This research aims to analyze and investigate the two-way relationship between love and morality in the character of women of Khosrow's and Shirin Nizami's systems in a descriptive-analytical way and with a library method. By examining the poem of Khosrow and Shirin, we can conclude that this poem is based on the love between people and the topic of ethics and moral virtues has a high position in this story. According to the structure of the story, Nizami has written the story in a suitable format for indirectly projecting ideas and teaching moral issues to the readers.

In Maslow's moral theory of self-actualization, some good and desirable traits are presented as superior moral models for the formation of an ideal and ideal life that potentially exists in all people. It is one of the notable literary topics that has been discussed in several researches and according to Maslow's theory of self-actualization, the superior moral and educational models of two women from the family in the poems of the Shahnameh, which is the document and cultural and historical achievement of the Iranian nation. In the moral pyramid of this theory, it is identified and analyzed. This research, rShahnameh, the instructive actions of some women in the events are among the unique and influential factors, which is one of the main needs in the strength of the family foundation, and with Today's theories, especially Maslow's theory, are consistent; For example, as we can see in the character of Ketaion, the daughter of the Roman emperor, she has a creative and constructive role in various events and is a clear example of forgiveness, sacrifice and love, who is loyal to her husband, not tied to gold and silver. belonging to the world; Also, the moral presence of a woman in the execution of the great cause of justice and generosity can The mentioned characteristics are the main elements of Maslow's pyramid of moral self-actualization, which has caused the emergence of moral and educational meaning-making flows in the field of Persian literature.

Proverbs are a cultural tool that, due to their expressive language and special phonetic and literary patterns, can decrease the intellectual resistance of the audience and impose certain concepts and meanings on them. The cultural semiotics of Persian proverbs shows that gender discrimination and reducing the status of women are probably rooted in cultural standards and norms. In many proverbs, women are considered “the other” and marginal while men are regarded as “the self” and central. Using analytical, descriptive, and qualitative methods, this article critically investigates several gender proverbs with an emphasis on cultural semiotics to show how the dual opposition of “man” vs. “woman” has influenced concepts such as “patriarchy”, “marriage”, “reproduction”, “formal beauty”, “masculine economy”, “mental strength”, and “leadership and management”. and placed women in the “margin” and men in the “center” of the cultural context. The cultural semiotic analysis of proverbs attests to the fact that being a “woman” is a product of patriarchal ideology; a thought that consciously or unconsciously seeks to depict women as “the other”. This thinking removes women from the social scene with hidden control and repression and ultimately seeks their “symbolic refutation”.

Mahmoud Darwish is one of the contemporary poets of Arabic literature whose poems reflect the hopes and pains of the land of Palestine. "Woman" and "homeland" are among the most frequent concepts that have played a role in his poems. This essay has tried to investigate the duality "woman/homeland" based on the emotional system of discourse in a descriptive-analytical approach in some of his poems. Emotional system of discourse is one of the types of discourse in signsemantics that focuses on the relationship between the set of surficial signs (signifiers) and content (signifieds) because it is in the context of the very sign and signified relations that the perceptive presence of the statives takes place and the creation of themes becomes possible. The present research aims to answer this question: How can the creation and overflow of themes be interpreted and explained based on the emotional system of discourse in the poems by Mahmoud Darwish where "woman/homeland" is the main focus of the theme? In other words, how can the creation of themes in the poet's works of this sort be explained and described based on the emotional system of discourse? The ultimate results of the discussion indicate that the emotional system of the discourse in these poems is based on perceptual, corporal, and intensive mechanism which mainly the poet uses the two concepts of "woman" and "homeland" as an artistic tool to convey the suffering and sorrow among Palestinian people through which he would Stimulate the sympathy of the audience about these tragic images i.e. through transcending the concept of woman to the concept of homeland, he seeks to negate this duality in better words.

Mystical stories serve as a means of spreading awareness and promoting spirituality in the realm of mysticism and human progress towards self-transcendence. Numerous authors have focused on transcendence under the guise of mysticism and spiritual experience in their works. Shahrnush Parsipur is one such writer who views the lives of her fictional characters through a mystical lens and portrays immortality in reality. In her renowned novel Women Without Men, Parsipur employs mystical elements to create her female characters. The objective of this research is to investigate the social and mystical perspective of Shahrnush Parsipur towards women and their social status, based on the novel, using an analytical-descriptive approach. The findings of this research suggest that each character in the novel can be considered a representative of a segment of women's society; women who, by attaining self-knowledge and embarking on a spiritual journey, strive to understand the truth of their existence and seek inner purity, immortality, and truth.

One of the main features in the poetry of the poets of the constitutional era is their new and modern view of various social topics and categories. This topic, especially in the parallel years of the constitutional revolution and after, can be seen more and more in the poems of the poets of this era. One of the most important contemporary Iranian poets in this period is Malik al-Shaara Bahar. In this research, the comparison of modernity in the poems of Bahar and Haji Qadir Koui, a Kurdish and Iraqi modernist poet, has been discussed. As it can be seen from their poems, both poets have a new and modernist view in many and different fields, and in this article, an attempt has been made to examine and analyze their views and thoughts about women, religion and science.Scientism, anti-superstition and a new look at women and issues related to her are the common points of both poets, although Haji Qadir paid more attention to ignorance and anti-superstition than Bahar, and Bahar paid more attention to women and her rights than him.

In Persian literature, the life and poetry of female poets has been affected by the history"s memory insurance and has gradually faded away due to cultural conditions and customary merits and demerits. Jaleh (Alamtaj) is one of the poets of the 13th century of the Hijri, who intellectually has considerable references in the field of women. The purpose of this research is to analyze his poems stylistically in three linguistic, intellectual and literary levels.

This research was done with descriptive-analytical method and library study tool.

What emerges from his poems (poems and fragments) is that his language is simple and far from complicated, although in terms of vocabulary and syntax, it is close to the Khorasani style, and there are not a few heavy Arabic and old Persian words in it. On the other hand, modern interpretations and allusions and words such as samovar, Zinger wheel, cigar, telegraph, tube, and flash are also seen in his poems. Baligh simile among expressive arts and pun among innovative arts are at the top of the rhetorical techniques of his poetry. He has used his poetry to express his opinions and his main concern is the problems of women. Also, Jaleh does not have a positive view on issues such as child marriage, polygamy, having children and even marriage, and expresses his progressive opinions in this field with carelessness.

Jaleh, who is considered one of the poets of the constitutional era, is the first woman who boldly spoke about women"s rights. Unfortunately, only 917 verses of his poems are available and he burned them. Therefore, judgment about his words cannot be complete and true. despite this strong and old language that sometimes comes close to colloquialism; medium rhetorical level; And his concern about women"s issues, and the femininity of his poetry, are the four main characteristics of his poetry.

Novel is an achievement of the cultural atmosphere of modernity which, as a documentary text, reflects collective relations and the details of individual behavior. The genesis of the Persian novel is not separate from this rule, and accordingly, it is possible to study issues related to the biosocial field and the performance of the characters. The purpose of this study is to provide a sociological analysis to shed light on gender roles in the novel of "Cheraghha ra man khamoush mikonam" by quantitative and qualitative content analysis. The results show that, without material abilities and job opportunities outside the home, the role of higher education, cultural interests, and personal tastes for the effective presence of women in society fades. For housewives, the house and the kitchen are the only space to express desires and set limits. The most important activities of such women are to be performed at home, kitchen, and family duties. In contrast to the housewife, there is the educated man who, with the help of all kinds of superiorities, and in the role of gender discrimination, has property, position, financial ability, and decision-making power in a wide measure in the society.

Contemporary literature offers a rich source of studies on the subject of women, and the poems composed by women in this field require much more attention. Parvin Etesami is one of the prominent poets who, in her poetry, expresses desires, shortcomings, inadequacies, and the need for society's attention to the valuable and significant position of women and family. This research, conducted through a descriptive-analytical method, focuses on determining the position of women in the poems of Parvin Etesami, demonstrating that, according to her, the only weapon for women's struggle against inadequacies, the restoration of their rights and achieving their proper position in society, as well as the advancement and growth of the family, is the pursuit of knowledge. In other words, by acquiring knowledge and raising awareness, women become capable and empowered to fulfil their roles more effectively. Overall, this article aims to explain and examine the position of women and the family in the poems of Parvin Etesami, a prominent contemporary poet

Women’s issues (implying a living creature, fertile, originally related to life), their personality, position and status in the family and society are among other issues that, similar to  other cultural and social issues, are reflected in the mirror of literature and culture of nations, embodying the personal and social attitudes of the authors and the general public to indicate the way women were treated . Do they think women have the same rights as men? Or that woman is a parasitic and second-hand creature dependent on man, who has no independence in her opinions and personality? Or what is the role of woman from the perspective of Quran and Islam and other holy books and religious leaders and experts? The present research seeks to address the aforementioned questions in various eras particularly in Qajar dynasty period to examine the status of women.