جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "ali (as)" در نشریات گروه "ادبیات و زبان ها"

 Ali-Nameh, the first Shia epopee (epic poem) discovered and introduced in recent years by Persian literature scholars, has opened up new horizons for researchers working on religious epic. Khavaran-Nameh is another prominent religious epic recognized in Persian literature. The present study aims to compare these two epopees on topical, linguistic, and literary levels.

 This article employs a descriptive, analytic research method. Following an in-depth investigation, the existing samples in both epopees were sorted, discussed, and compared from the three above-mentioned perspectives, and the salient similarities and differences were identified. Statistical population of this study were Ali nameh which includes 11220 verses and Khavaran-Nameh, but due to not publishing the main source made us to use Tazian-Nameh, edited by hamidollah Moradi.

 Following an in-depth investigation, the existing samples in these epopeese were sorted, discussed, from the three above-mentioned perspectives. This study conducted a stylistic analysis of the outstanding topical, literary and lingual Study features of Rabi’s and Khusfi’s poems. The study identifies these features along with characteristic examples and outstanding results have been illustrated at the end of this article.

 At the topical level, the sources of Ali-Nameh proved more reliable than those of Khavaran-Nameh and were much in line with historical accounts. Linguistically, Khavaran-Nameh was richer in terms of word range and combinations, enjoying more coherent grammatical structures and fewer problems in rhythm and rhyme. At the literary level, too, Khavaran-Nemeh enjoyed more rhetorical and expressive figures of speech than Ali-Nameh.

The story is the main tool of the author's narrative style, which is considered one of the important elements in the narrative. In the novel "Asatezatolvahm", Ali Badr has depicted a hidden page of the political, social and cultural situation of the Iraqi people in the 1980s in Baghdad and the problems of their lives in the chaotic atmosphere of the war between Iran and Iraq, he has expressed with his artistic vision in the form of characters in the novel. By creating a lively and believable atmosphere and with his appropriate characterisation, he has created a vivid and comprehensive narrative and a lasting and innovative work in a period of history and a historical reality with his strong imagination. A fact has become a story. His style in describing the novel is a combination of realism and literary fantasy. Based on the descriptive-analytical method, this article tries to investigate the element of time in the novel ""Asatezatolvahm" and how these elements have caused the order, continuity and sequence of this novel by Ali Badr.
 
Hindsight is the dominant aspect of this novel. The author, by mentally reviewing the memories of the main characters, has often been used to depict the relationships between the characters and their individual and social actions. Although Foresight has a small role in the mentioned novel but, it portrays mental disturbances and worries of The characters of the are one of the strong pain of this Novel. The author's careful focus on the subject of war, poetry and poetry among the youth of the eighties and the time jump
 

Every story is a narrative of events that take place in time. These events follow a continuous and chronological sequence, but somewhere there are inconsistencies in the form of time lapse, which expands the space of the story and creates suspense and anticipation in the reader. By using the time-lapse technique, the author breaks the linear system of the story and by showing the inner world of the main character of the story, calls the audience to re-read a dynamic, complex and involved story. Ali Khodayi, the author of the story of Sunday evenings, has used retrospective time travel (internal and external) by breaking the linear course of time. Internal flashbacks are a way of using time in the story, and external flashbacks are like a bridge to reach the main events of the narrative. The present study tries to analyze the concept of timelessness by analyzing the story of Sunday evenings by Ali Khodayi and examines the author's technique in discontinuing the time of the story .

Scenography is a very valuable literary term, which deserves research and study. Because the literary text analyzes from two aspects: formal and spiritual, relying on the pains of external structure, and poetic components and literary texts. Among these elements, we can mention the elements of Scenography and the extraction of scientific concepts by using refractive images and indexes that are contrary to reality. Each of these describes and interprets the reality within the human being through visible and explicit and implicit images contrary to known principles and rules. It also transforms the original image and reconstructs it into a different and new image and profile. Ali Kanaan is one of the poets whose poems are mixed with new poetic techniques that are full of overt and covert scenography indexes to avoid old and familiar concepts. He enriched his literary genre with new poetic techniques and solid words, precise thought, and purposeful images. This research seeks to answer the following questions: What new techniques has Ali Kanaan used to create images that are contrary to reality? What are the features and characteristics of cinematography in the poetry of Ali Kanaan? The purpose of this research is to search Ali Kanaan's poetic texts by emphasizing the scenographic elements in the lab of his poems, and by referring to the descriptive-analytical research method. This research will cover all the concepts and topics related to Scenography. And its main axes are limited to the preparation of the framework of the poem, the visual effects, the decor, the lighting, the color, the movement, the transformation, and the negative images.

The novel “Kings of Sands” by the contemporary Iraqi writer Ali Badr is a multi-layered narrative in which the author tries to narrate a section of the reality of Iraqi history with an irregular narration. The theory of Jep Lint-Volt in narratology is based on the confrontation of the narrator and the audience with the actors, and in his opinion, every narrative has two levels: One level is related to the actors and their actions, and the other level is where the narrator and the audience are located, and these two levels are completely separate from each other. At the level of the actors, an event has happened in the past (simple past) and at the level of the narrator and the audience, who are in the present tense, they talk about what happened before with a separation (time and place) from the past. Accordingly, Lint-Volt proposed the theory of narrative typology and based it on the three aspects of the fictional world of the narrator, the actor, and the audience, which provide an examination of multiple approaches to typology. The present research aims to analyze the narrative situations of this novel with a descriptive-analytical method based on the theory of Jep Lint-Volt, to analyze the narrative methods of Ali Badr in the creation of this novel as well as his goals from these approaches. By analyzing the different narrative levels of this novel, the hidden .

The ‎novel was and still is a literary genre that talks about the issues of man and ‎his ‎society in various forms and patterns, so the novel became a mirror of what is ‎‎happening in society. The writer investigated it, and the Persian and Arab ‎literatures ‎were influenced by each other until they became very close literature, ‎due to the ‎unity of the religion that united these two literatures, so cultural friction ‎has ‎continued since antiquity between the Arab nation and the Persian nation ‎until our ‎time, where we see more than one Arab writer who has been fascinated ‎by Persian ‎culture and civilization. Their tracks are full of the Persian spirit by ‎coming up with ‎names of characters and mentioning events and places And even ‎they translated the largest Persian literary monuments, and the Iraqi ‎novelist was ‎not excluded from this scope. He narrated his novel called The Tobacco ‎Guard ‎from the Iranian knowledge, culture and civilization, and most of the events ‎of his ‎novel and its characters took place in Iran and even spent most of the life of ‎the ‎protagonist in Iran, so he roamed its streets and recorded with his pen the facts ‎‎more accurately. Its details so that we follow in this research an analytical and ‎‎descriptive approach on the civilized face of Iran in the novel The Tobacco ‎Guardian. ‎And the characters who brought about these facts after he used ‎Persian expressions ‎to complete the course of his novel. ‎

The poetry of Ali Ja'far Al-Alaq is an objective subject with distinction and this strong relationship between Al-Allaq's poetry and reality is what makes Al-Allaq's poetry characterized by pessimism. The presence of pessimism also descends from the conviction of the poet that poetry is the son of loss and loss and must reflect the reality of living. This study sails in the world of Ali Jafar poetic relationship to clarify the vision of the poet to the Arab reality and manifestations of the crisis of self and the plight of place in the poet's poetry The research relied on his approach to poetry of the relationship on the descriptive analytical approach and took from the groups of the poet poetic samples to address the subject The results indicate that the poetry of the relationship is linked to the reality of living in which the poet analyzes the Arab reality by taking care of the legendary, religious and historical heritage and dedicates in it a fact that he believes in, that what dragged the Arabs to defeat and the young is due to the Arabs themselves and more to the Arab daring. Slow attendance and the act of treason and non-clinging to the land and identity and the crisis of belonging an attempt to incite the building of the Arab civilized society, which In the relationship between the sexes on the basis of harmony and union.

One of the common discussions in literacy criticism is how his mental concerns are reflected in his work. As literature, especially poems, take their themes from the depth of the human spirit, we can point to the effects the governed psychological situation on the poet's characteristics has on the literary creations. Individual psychology is considered a personality theory that is founded by Alfred Adler, the Austrian psychologist. According to this approach, feeling inferiority is one of the mental states that is formed at the beginning of a person's life at his personality and affects his different behavioral aspects till the end of life. The feeling of inferiority is considered the main human encouraging force toward his objectives and wishes. From the individual psychology viewpoint, the effort to gain superiority is formed as the consequence of this feeling of inferiority and makes the individual's personality coherent. According to this approach, all peoples has the feeling of inferiority inside themselves only to different degrees. If the feeling of inferiority does not exceed its limit leads to progress and superiority of the person. However, if this feeling is not controlled finally leads to an inferiority complex in the person. The feeling of inferiority in its different kinds is affected by the unique situations of each person in childhood, his initial training, and their spiritual, social, political, and geographical situations. The current study tries to study the verbal signs of inferiority feeling at the personality of Ali Fouda, the contemporary Palestinian poet, according to Alfred Adler's viewpoint. Of these signs in Ali Fouda's poetry, the reprimanding and blaming tone (using reversals), the proud word (using Hazage rhythm or shortening the hemstitches in addition to selecting stretched syllables at the ends, repeating identity signs), contradiction (using contradictory atmosphere at the concept of the words arrangements), complain of the situation and conditions of the time (using the selection of the human primary needs), using folk songs and alien words can be pointed out. All of these are revealed due to the effect of an inappropriate social environment as well as the difficult situation in his family life.

Humor and laughter are the essential pillars of Arabic literature in expressing reality and highlighting society's ideas so it is challenging to represent them in real life. It has attracted the interest of writers and writers on the theater stage. Many have started to reflect on the bitter reality cynically and funnily. In drawing the smile on the lips, the Egyptian playwright Ali Salem. Salem excelled in his unique play - The School of the Hooligans - which is the most prominent in the history of the Arab comedy theater. Theatrical events revolve around the united subject. The teacher was able to master her intelligence and patience. Minds and hearts together at the same time. Violation of the principle of quantity and proportionality more than the other two principles in this play. As Essential techniques for expressing issues related to indirect comprehension are related to speech interpretation and analysis. The author uses folk literature in a simple and unassuming way and tries to put a smile on the lips of the reader. At the same time, he has portrayed criticism of the cultural community.

Non-verbal communication is one of the branches of semiotics, which includes all kinds of movement behaviors of people, including facial expressions, body movements, gestures and movements to regulate conversation, etc. Also, posture, standing, posture, artifacts, time, etc. are signs of non-verbal communication that can independently convey a message or help verbal messages become more effective. This type of communication has six functions of completing, denying, repeating, controlling, substituting and emphasizing. Examining contemporary Arabic novels shows that the authors are fully aware of the role of non-verbal communication and body language in creating new scenes. Iraqi novelists are no exception to this rule and have tried to use this type of communication in their novels. Iraqi writer Ali Badr uses non-verbal elements in his novels in addition to spoken language. In this research, three of his novel Al Tariq ela Tal Matran have been tried from the point of view of non-verbal communication patterns, including facial expressions, eye expressions, hand movements and head movements, etc., using the semiotic approach and adhering to the descriptive approach. be analyzed analytically. The results of the research show that Ali Badr used a total of 171 signs in the selected novel. In these novel, he has made the most use of the different modes of speech, face and look, along with their related functions. Ali Badr has used these modes to express things like: fear, anxiety and discomfort, hiding something, getting information, etc.

Intruduction:

 One of the Most Important Immigration issues in Recent Decades is the Increasing Involvement of Women in the Migration Process especially the Increase in the Migration of Independent Women. It is Called "Feminization of Migration”. Immigration Can Improve Women's Independence and Empowerment in the Family and the Society, Change Traditional Norms, Introduce them to Fairer Social Norms as well as Improve Women's Rights, Gender Equality, and Economic, Social, Employment and Educational Opportunities. Although Immigration Can be very Beneficial, it can also Create Many limitations, Including Social norms and limited laws, Racial Discrimination, Exploitation, and Psychological Trauma. In the novel Al-Kaferat, Ali Badr tells the Story of the migration of Sufi to Belgium, who has to Emigrate Illegally so as to Escape forced Marriage, Poverty, loneliness, Discrimination, Sexual Violence, and War.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the migration of women and its psychological consequences in a descriptive-analytical manner. The study seeks to answer the fundamental question of ‘what are the psychological consequences of Sufi’s migration in the novel Al-Kaferat?’

As a female refugee immigrant, Sufi goes through a process from the moment she arrives in Belgium until she is accepted as a citizen. At the beginning of her arrival in Belgium, she encounters a kind of cultural shock or initial passivity. This stage includes several cases, first in the form of a honeymoon, in which everything is pleasant and attractive for her. But this stage does not last long because it confronts Sufi with some damage, including her apparent difference as an Arab woman from the people of the host country. This makes her an unpleasant and threatening alien. What makes it even more difficult for her is to obtain an asylum permit, learn the Belgian language and find a suitable job. Most importantly, the discriminatory behaviors she faces at work as an immigrant woman is painful. Sufi tries to adapt to the host community to some extent by learning the target language, finding a job, and reducing the pressure of this cultural blow. After this stage, Sufi experiences a kind of marginalization and frustration that leads her to deep sadness and ultimately suicide, which is due to loneliness, lack of good communication in the new place, and lack of acceptance. In the last stage, Sufism reaches a new orientation in the form of adaptation to the new culture. This compatibility occurs in the form of complete resemblance to the host community. In the case of a change of the fundamental views in Sufi’s life, from a refugee to a legal immigrant, to a change of identity from Fatima to a Sufi, to trying to speak Belgian without a her non-native accent, and to a change of residence from an immigrant to Belgium. The changes in dress and behavior lead to unlimited social relationships with Belgian men.

Immigration may be voluntary or forced. Voluntary migration is primarily an economic incentive to improve one's living and working conditions. But forced migration is the result of coercion and for political reasons. In the past, women migrated as dependent on men, while, nowadays, many women migrate alone or with their children. The migration of women as workers, refugees, students, business partners, etc. can be called the feminization of migration. This type of migration is strongly influenced by gender and can be along with restrictions, opportunities and incentives for migration. Feminization of immigration is a gender pattern of migration in which a high number of women leave their place of residence or birth for work or marriage. For many years, women have been neglected in studies related to immigration. Migration of women often induces two other changes or transformations: the feminization of poverty and the feminization of work. Feminization of immigration is one of the most problematic forms of migration, which leads to issues such as violence, abuse of women and their exploitation in social aspects. Women, like men, for various reasons, such as finding better living conditions, protecting their children, escaping political and work turmoil, sometimes prefer to migrate with an ambiguous fate. Among the many causes that affect this, the strong ones can be enumerated as poverty and material needs as well as the need for family support, just like the case men. However, poverty is not always the main reason for women's decision to migrate. Social conditions and the effects of traditions and customs on the family situation also affect this decision.

Beauty has a deep connection with poetry. In the aesthetics of poetry, imagination, music and novel elements are the most important factors in the beauty of poetry. These beauty factors are not specific to a period and the poet, but in the contemporary era, the role of these factors has become more colorful. One of these contemporary poets is Ali Babachahi, he is from Bushehr and is from the land of waves and sea and is a naturalist poet; For this reason, one can examine the aesthetic effects in his poems. In our studies, we have come to the conclusion that most of his poems are based on descriptions and similes, and that natural elements are most used in his similes and metaphors. Most metaphors are sensory to sensory. In terms of spiritual music, the contradiction in his poetry mostly includes the contradiction between two names and adjectives, which expresses the opposition of good and bad in his life. Literary allusions have a special place, he has established a deep connection between his poetry and his senses through sensuality. Phonetic and phonetic elements such as phonetics and puns play an important role in the inner coherence of his poetry. Repetition is the most widely used method in his poetry. In foreign music, he has used most of the usual weights of Persian poetry and most of the weights are gentle. Rhyme and line have been very effective for the richness of the poem and the musical appeal of his speech.

The translation of religious writings is one of the most challenging and exact forms of translation, requiring the translator to be more accurate and skilled to express the literary nuances of the subject text. However, to assess the accuracy and quality of these translations, fidelity or lack thereof to the original text, level of quality and acceptability, etc., one must inevitably refer to the theories proposed in the field of translation criticism and evaluation. Only then can these translations be properly assessed. The Garces model, one of these models, is employed to assess how well literary materials have been translated. The four levels of semantic-lexical, syntactic-word construction, discourse-functional, and stylistic-practical level are proposed in this model to compare the similarity between the source text and the target text. Based on these four levels, it evaluates the quality and acceptability of the translated texts. As a result, the current study uses a descriptive-analytical approach to assess the accuracy and acceptability of Ali Shirvani's translation of Nahj al-Balagheh based on Garces's theory. The findings demonstrate that Shirvani is content-oriented in her translation and frequently clarifies and broadens the meaning of Imam Ali's statements based on the positive, negative, and neutral strategies that are suggested in the Garces model. The second and fourth layers of the Garces pattern, out of its four levels, are most frequently translated by Shirvani. He occasionally employs constructive strategies like syntactic expansion, grammatical or syntax changes, viewpoint shifts, etc. On the other side, there are also issues with his translation that detract from its quality, such as omissions, translation errors, verbosity, etc.

The novel "alkaferah" is the twelfth of the Iraqi writer's series of novels. Ali Badr, Badr touched on the political conditions and the crisis social issues in Iraq at the present time, so that the addressee absorbed the suffering of the people, social problems and the events of the country. The study focused on revealing the dominant violence and barbarism and its profound impact on the Iraqi street.. This study, depending on the social method, seeks to study the “infidel” novel, where the novel focused on the outbreak of the ongoing war, terrorism, violence and insecurity, and thus on the basic issues in the life of the defeated Iraqi individual. On his issues ranging from betrayal, aggression, alienation, chaos, prejudice and gender inequality to suicide, the writer highlights the phenomenon of violence in his novel and expresses it in various ways. The novel in general highlights reality and social issues; The book is based on an in-depth examination of the personality of the individual and Iraqi society; It expresses the details of this society; Identifies its shortcomings and shortcomings; He mentions the types of violence in the novel. From the writer’s point of view, avoiding violence and altars can only be achieved if the society is cohesive, cohesive and socially harmonious, in which it criticizes in particular the surrounding social situation and social conditions, as well as the current realities of Iraqi society, the suffering of the working classes and the inferiority of society,

Poetic language be created by a some genres of detour from the norms. poetic language usually emphasis to mode of expression as than as subject and have a aesthetic dimension. poets always detour from the rules of normative language in order to foregrounding and defamiliarization. One of the widely used genres of deviation is semantic deviation, poets does not choose a direct language to convey his thoughts and feelings and uses all kinds of poetic images such as simile, metaphor, synaesthesia, paradox and etc and with a this foregrounding in poetic language. Babachahi widely use the Semantic deviation in his poems and this genre of deviation have a vaste role in literariness. Between the all type of Semantic deviation Simile is the most frequent in his poem. metaphor has less use, and he has also used the the othere types of semantic deviation as subordinate metaphor, symbol, paradox and synaesthesia for the defamiliarization of his speech. In the present study, the genres of Semantic deviation in Babachahi poetry has been studied and with a descriptive- analytic method has been investigated.

The theory of Scopus Hans Vermeer is a role-oriented approach to translation that is based on the social and cultural context of translation. In this theory, translation is a purposeful, text-based procedure and the lending rule covers the coherence between the source and the destination texts; therefore, the translation is given special attention, and it does not move towards free translation. In this research, by using descriptive-analytical method, the translation of al-Muddaththir by Ali Maleki, has been investigated. Given that the target element is one of the fundamental foundations of Scopus theory and the translator, on the other hand, fulfilled his mission to convey the message and content of the Holy Quran in the simplest way, away from scientific and linguistic difficulties to children and young audiences, it is necessary to apply this theory on the translation of the sura in order to measure his success. The research findings show that the translator is not loyal to the source text but on the contrary, his Persian translation has significant textual coherence. In spite of all the criticisms and concerns, this translation is considered the first one in presenting a humorous, evangelical, attractive and youthful text from the Qur'an. If the translator, with artistic and scientific edits, can free himself from being trapped in the history, so as not to be accused of secularizing the sacred text, the work will be defensible and worthy of attention.

Martyr Haj Qasem Soleimani and Abu Mehdi Mohandes are two famous Mujahideen and the manifestation of national authority of Iran and Iraq. With their martyrdom, they blew the spirit of resistance in the West Asian region and in the World. They brought literature to the fore, not in the form of words and sentences, but in their actions and deeds. The literature of the stability of the world in the field of poetry and literature Follow a single orientation. Hence, it has attracted the attention of many writers. Poets and writers in line with the people have reflected the foundations of Sustainability in their woeks and Inthisway, they have encouraged people to fight for their goals. Tody the foundations of sustainability have Crossed borders and choosen different schools for themselves. Examining these themes in two different languages and expanding the scope of the discussion, causes empathy and strengthens as much as possible beyond the borders and increases its effectiveness. This descriptive-analytical study whith a comparative approach based on the Americans school in comparative literature, in thends to address the common themes of stability in the poetry of Ali Davoodi and Hamid Helmi about the two commanders of Martry Haj Qasem soleimani and AbuMehdi Al-Mohandes. Studies show that the axes of struggle in Iran and Iraq have been somewhat similar due to geographical proximity and religious commonalities. The most important finding of this research is determining the literary tools used in the poetry of two poets is that Helmi often resorted to biting satire to represent the tragedy of the martyrdom of the resistance leaders, while Davoodi expression is of the epic and somewhat hopeful.

One of the most important branches of geographical critique is Michel Colo's theory of horizon structure. horizon It expresses the boundaries of the landscape and reflects the inner states and abstract landscapes of the individual, and in recognizing it, one must pay attention to the "hidden side" of the phenomena. Landscape in Kolo's view is a combination of reality and imagination, and for this reason, each person and each writer has his own view of the space around him. It is a geographical space in which several themes and semantic networks have been created in relation to each other to create a sunset landscape. The purpose of this study is to describe the sunset scene and discover the inner and outer horizons of this poem according to the poet's moods. The research method is descriptive. In the analytical part of the research; By expanding the horizons of the poem, the connection between darkness, death, bell, bird, the sanctity of space and sunset is shown, and each of the hidden and visible aspects of the sunset scene is consolidated and understood in relation to each other.

Introduction Humor is a clear example for entertainment and laughter and expression of various issues including the shortcomings of society and social and political moral corruption ،which reflects the problems and pains in society and reflects the socio-cultural and moral criticisms of the famous Egyptian satirist and playwright Ali Salem. He had a great sense of humor and through it he wanted to portray the problems of the society ،a society that arose from poverty ،ignorance and violence and a false cultural system. It is considered the heritage of Egyptian dramatic and humorous literature. Author Ali Salem highlighted an important issue; He was able to humorously express the reality of the fall in the teacher's reputation. Structural techniques and methods such as contrast ،exaggeration and reduction. . . It has been used to study the issues of the cultural and social community in Egypt. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the results showed that Ali Salem had creativity and artistic taste in his works and his goal was to reform Egyptian society and correct social and cultural issues and problems.