جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ادراک » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

In the holy Quran, several words have been used for the meaning of perception and knowledge; the verb "šaʕara" as one of them in Persian translations more often is equated with words ‘know’ and ‘understand’; but its more detailed components is the issue of this essay that is devoted to two sections of etymological and contextual study. Etymology based on the methods of historical linguistics and sources of Semitic languages, a comprehensive contextual study of all applications alongside each other, content analysis of verses and use of the anthropological achievements in discourse analysis of Quranic verses are the methods used in this article. Etymological evidences suggest that this word dates back to the ancient Semitic language and is made up of the hypothetical root of the "šʕr" (to divide, break open) in the same language and this root is also derived from the Afro-Asian root (ĉaʕ), meaning "cut" but in the Pre-Islamic Arabic discourse it is influenced by the word šiʕr (poetry) by semantic contamination. Negative application, no application in descriptive phrases, devotion to the perception of hidden affairs are the functional features of the term šaʕara that make the definition of the Qur'anic meaning of šaʕara as a " no-process perception" justifiable. No-process perception entails an increase in the role of imagination and reducing the role of time-consuming rational processes.

The novel A guide to death by medical herbs by Atieh Attarzadeh represents a unique contribution to the field of Persian language and literature. Published in 2015 by Cheshme Publishing House, the novel has been reprinted over thirty times, presenting a distinct world compared to most Persian novels. Despite its success, there has been a lack of proper review and analysis of this work. This research aims to address the following questions: Can the novel be examined through the lens of phenomenology? Which components of Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological analysis can be applied to this work? How can the roles of body, time, and place in the novel be explained and interpreted based on Merleau-Ponty's perspectives?In this article, we employ a descriptive and analytical methodology, focusing on Maurice Merleau-Ponty's views about the world of perception, to investigate the compatibility of his phenomenological components, such as modern thinking, the role of the body, time, space, and objects, within the novel. Data collection is carried out through library resources.By analyzing the novel and Merleau-Ponty's perspectives on the world of perception, we can categorize the novel as a modern work, contrasting it with classical literature, and interpret it based on his phenomenological viewpoints. Atiyeh Attarzadeh, the author of this remarkable novel, addresses body, place, and time with a novel approach that differs from traditional works.

Since plagiarism as an act of intellectual fraud has recently received a global inquiry in different fields of science, especially in second/foreign language (L2) academic writing, developing a valid and domesticized instrument to meticulously assess the awareness and professional integrity of the Iranian academic community to avoid plagiarism seemed indisputable. As plagiarism has been defined differently in various sociocultural and academic contexts, its legal and ethical issues in such scientific fields as L2 academic writing are worth noting (Oghabi, Pourdana & Ghaemi, 2020). Accordingly, two major causes, mostly condemned as contributing factors to committing plagiarism, are the torment the L2 learners usually experience in writing academic texts, and the divisive cultural differences.Not surprisingly, the majority of studies on the causes and consequences of plagiarism were conducted in English-speaking countries (such as Australia) to represent the Western cultural values or social concerns and ethical code of conduct. In Asian or Middle Eastern countries, such as Iran wherein the copyright infringement or unlawful reproduction of original works are rarely subject to serious legal consequences, the absence of vigorous studies on this grave matter is underscored. This is while, majority of scarce studies on this topic generally investigated the contributing factors to plagiarism in the Iranian academic context (cf. Riasati & Rahimi, 2013) and overlooked the potentials of determining factors such as attitude or socio-cultural beliefs of L2 writers. At the same time, in the absence of a domesticized plagiarism questionnaire in the academic context of Iran, Iranian researchers generally make use of accessible questionnaires which often represented the Western culture and ethical values (e.g. Curtis & Popal, 2011; Harris, 2001; Idiegbeyan-Ose et al., 2016; Maxwell et al., 2006).

After a comprehensive review of research literature and conducting semi-structured interviews with graduate students of English language studies (n = 24), the researchers adapted a general conceptual framework for developing a prototype plagiarism questionnaire. The non-randomly selected participants partaking in the semi-structured interviews, the pilot and final research participants were all MA graduates and graduate students of English language teaching, English literature, English translation, and linguistics in three State and Islamic Azad University branches in Iran (n = 288). Initially, 39 out of 47 items in the questionnaire were rated on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from (a) strongly disagree, (b) disagree, (c) I don’t [1]know, (d) agree (e) strongly agree, which represented the components of participants’ awareness and attitude towards plagiarism. Eight more triple-choice items were constructed in terms of short authentic paragraphs and their corresponding paraphrased texts, each followed by three choices of (a) plagiarism found, (b) no plagiarism, and (c) I don’t know, to represent the component of perception. After carrying out the pilot administration of the questionnaire (with 224 participants), item revision and deletion (11 items excluded), exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM) with SPSS 21 and AMOS statistical software, the researchers developed the final draft of the sociocultural plagiarism questionnaire with 36 items.
 

To explore the first objective in this study, the statistical results in this study supported four components of awareness, attitude, sociocultural beliefs, and perception as responsible factors for determining sensitivity to plagiarism in Iranian academia. Data analysis also indicated the participants’ adequate awareness of the plagiarism policies and their accurate perception, but relatively neutral and irresponsible attitude towards plagiarism downsides, and non-scientific sociocultural beliefs which ultimately provoked them to commit plagiarism. It was concluded that concepts, such as ‘intellectual property’ and ‘ownership of words’ which are deeply rooted in Western culture have not been adequately incorporated into the Iranian academic culture yet. Moreover, Iranian scholars prioritized personal relations or vocational gains over following rules of copyright are proved as widespread in the Iranian academic context.The second objective of this study was examined through frequency analysis of the instances of plagiarism in the Literature Review sections (Chapter II) of the 18 selected MA theses written in English. Relied upon the reports of plagiarism incidence conducted by iThenticate plagiarism detection service at www.Lingaline.com, a widespread and growing number of committed plagiarism by Iranian MA graduates of English language studies during 2013 - 2017 were echoed. In the reports, the rate of plagiarism was higher in men (67.16%) than in women (63.91%); higher in Islamic Azad University branches (78%) than in state universities (56%); and committed more by the MA graduates of English literature (71.66%) than English translation (62.66%) and English language teaching (61.66%). The researchers’ justifications on the obtained results were the absence of clear-cut instructions to rules of plagiarism, strict anti-plagiarism policies as well as adequate institutional attention to this unethical and unprofessional behavior in the Iranian academic community which eventually degraded the gravity of plagiarism to such a large extent.

The results of this study invoked the fact that not only the Iranian academic community requires upheaving awareness and acute perception by every member towards plagiarism unfortunate consequences, but also the non-scientific and desensitizing nature of Iranian sociocultural beliefs towards plagiarism need reconsideration and national policy making. Moreover, in line with Ayoubi (2017), the findings in this study encourage the educators and university professors to implement further tutorial courses to accentuate the severity of plagiarism misconduct and to rip off every chance of committing plagiarism by the university students in their academic writing. Despite promoting this newly-designed sociocultural plagiarism questionnaire as a more reliable assessment instrument for evaluating the Iranian academic community, the current researchers are reasonably skeptical of yielding similar results with Iranian university students at lower educational levels where the curricular demands of writing courses are more into the accuracy of the content over form and mechanics of writing; neither with Iranian university students of non-English majors due to their intended audience who are mostly Persian-speaking readers with similar insensitivity towards plagiarism infringement acts. Last but not least, the current researchers deployed a non-random convenience sampling procedure to have access to a large number of participants which inevitably lowers the generalizability of the findings to different demographic contexts.

 Postmodern American poetry pioneered by Charles Olson, with its combination of the (pre)historical and the personal, provides a dynamic platform for phenomenological analysis. This research scrutinizes Olson’s poetics from the perspective of Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology. “Perception” and “body-subject” are the key concepts in Merleau-Ponty’s thought utilized in analyzing Olson’s first major poem, “The Kingfishers”. In the present study the researcher attempts to answer these questions: What is Olson’s approach to contemporary identity and history? And how does he reread American identity in relation to ancient history? The  concept of body-subject is a nexus of myths, contemporary and ancient history, (un)conscious mind, and archetypes trying to achieve perception through the torrents of objects. However, perception cannot be obtained without body’s intermediation and its senses. Olson conceives of perception as an embodied and unstable phenomenon that is exposed to sensory data. It is fragmented due to the impact of vague memories, contemporary American history, European mythology, and ancient Southeast Asian and Latin American cults. A phenomenological study of Olson’s poetry reveals that postmodern perception is a composite of historical, mythological, and embodied impulses.

Publishing a research article (RA) is highly significant to postgraduate TEFL students worldwide, particularly for doctorate students in Iran in order to graduate. Meeting the demands of publishing can be tremendously challenging to postgraduate students. In this study, Iranian postgraduate TEFL students' perceptions of the essentials of publishing their RAs were investigated through a questionnaire given to 30 Ph.D. students and M.A. graduates. Besides, the researchers conducted a focus group interview among 12 of the participants to seek concerns and challenges they face during the process of publishing their RAs. The results of the data analysis of the questionnaire indicated a rather high perception towards the essentials required for publishing a RA. However, the results of the analysis of the interview revealed multifaceted challenges students practically face while publishing their RAs, which suggests pertinent implications to practitioners to deal effectively with students’ challenges in publication.

This research aims at studying the attitudes of Persian speakers of Karaj to non - standard varieties of Persian by measuring both their success in identifying five regional varieties of Persian including Abadani, Afghani, Shirazi, Kermani and Yazdi and analyzing their positive or negative attitudes towards them. Learning about the attitudes of members of a language community towards linguistic diversity is a key factor in the success of language planning. The independent variables are age, sex and bilinguality. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire which comprises personal information, accent identification and language attitudes. The informants are 218 students in the age- rang of 18 to 50 whose main language of communication was Persian. In the selection of universities, the convenience sampling and in the selection of the informants random sampling has been used. The results showed that the informants were more successful in identifying Yazdi variety. The informants used positive and negative traits to describe the varieties and the percentage of negative traits was higher for Afghani variety. The lowest percentage of attitude components is related to Afghani and Kermani varieties. Age and sex variables had a significant effect on Persian speakers’ attitude towards the varieties under study.

Due to the advancement of film making technologies, we are witnessing, in this new era, the overabundance of different animations, such as Shrek, Brave, Frozen, etc., whose respondents are majorly children and adolescents. An important feature of these animations is their ironic or their humoristic language. Given that the transmission of humor (formally and functionally) varies in each culture and that the same message in two different linguistic-cultural spheres would not have the same effect (perception) and that the loyalty of dialogues in the translation of the films and animations is of less importance than the coherence of dialogues, audio and video, the question may be raised is that what translation techniques the translator adopts to translate the humoristic language. This paper, therefore, aims to investigate how humorous elements are translated within in Incredibles 2 (2018). First, we present the specified features of the multifaceted world of animation and its translational challenges. Then we examine the function and perception of humor in both the original and dubbed versions. Finally, the translator’s techniques for the transmission of humoristic references in the Persian version of Incredibles 2 are discussed.