جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « باورهای عامیانه » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

One of the ways in which poetry evolves and diversifies its contents is the poet's use of terms from various sciences, including astronomy. In the past, the Iranians, with the help of astrologers and constellations, had spread popular beliefs about astronomy among the people, which was due to the origin of part of their culture and mythology from celestial bodies and constellations. In the meantime, poets, with the help of astronomy, rulings and popular beliefs, used beautiful descriptions in their poems, which showed that they were aware of this science. Amir Moezzi is one of the poets who has used folk beliefs and celestial bodies with constellations in his poetry collection to combine literature with astronomy with a special approach to these themes. He uses constellations and popular mental tendencies about them in his poetry collection and creates the most beautiful interpretations. Moezzi, having astronomical information according to his time, expresses and describes them and has created many of his astronomical similes based on the mental images he has of celestial bodies, and as a brilliant artist, he strives to be among the people and its elements. , to establish a poetic connection. This research has been done by the method of analyzing and describing verses in a library research so that while examining the science of astronomy and the popular beliefs formed around it, we have evaluated the constellations used with their characteristics in Amir Moezi's poetry collection.

The study of folk beliefs is one of the sub-branches of anthropology, and the folklore and popular culture of a land can be used as valuable documents for conducting anthropological studies. Popular culture, which is actually the traditional way of people's perception of the world and life, is in the fabric of society and its study reveals the thoughts, feelings, imaginations and aspirations of a people and shows the history of its culture and civilization. Gives. In this, the contribution of the Azerbaijani school and its poets is very high; Because Azerbaijan and the Caucasus, as one of the important regions of Iranian culture, played a significant role in the growth of Persian literature. In this research, folk beliefs and superstitions are investigated by looking deeply into the poems of these poets.

This research was done in a descriptive-analytical way.

In this research, it was shown that folk thoughts, which have a wonderful and valuable support in the heart of the ages, were able to reach us by manifesting themselves in the poetry of poets and be examined as a valuable heritage as anthropological indicators.

A point that deserves to be mentioned at the end is the high frequency of reflecting popular beliefs in the poetry of poets of the Azerbaijani school and the role and influence that their poetry has in anthropological studies, relying on folklore and popular literature.

The folk beliefs and knowledge, as a phenomenon intertwined with society and an inseparable pillar of collective life in the ups and downs of human history, have made a significant contribution to the culture of any nation. In the meantime, folk beliefs are considered, as the place of familiarity and identification of various aspects of public culture. Safarnamas (The Books of Travels) are one of the most important fields of manifestation of these beliefs, which in terms of representing the culture and thought of the people of different societies, are one of the richest sources for the study of culture and popular ideas. In the same direction, Naser Khosrow's Safarnama has a special place due to its scientific accuracy, insight and linguistic abilities. In this research, done with a descriptive-analytical approach and using the library method, the types of public beliefs in Naser Khosrow's Safarnama have been studied based on a new classification. In this classification, popular beliefs are divided into six categories: religious, historical, mythical, wonders, Taboo, and superstitious. The results of the research showed that among the types of popular beliefs, religious beliefs are the most reflected in Naser Khosrow's Safarnama and after that, popular beliefs about wonders are more reflected than other beliefs. Among the types of popular beliefs, the lowest percentage of reflection is attributed to superstitions. These results also revealed the dominance of the intellectual and religious aspects of the character of this theologian sage in the report of his seven-year journey.

One of the important characteristics of the excellence of a poem is having cultural supports, which itself consists of different subcategories. One of these subcategories is "Folk Beliefs" which every poet uses according to his studies in popular culture and communication with society. Folk beliefs are a set of beliefs, behaviors and actions. Despite the fact that in some cases, they do not have a scientific basis, they have always been the focus of people's attention. Our main goal in this research is to investigate the way of using folk beliefs and their functions in new sonnets. Also, we tried to categorize and analyze the beliefs used in the sonnet of this era using the analytical-critical method; in this way, we can reach the extent of the use of folk beliefs by the poets of new sonnet and show the role and function of these beliefs in their forms (the main representative of the emotional and romantic field of contemporary poetry). The findings of this research showed that the discussed poets have passed the folk beliefs from their lyrical mentality and have mainly used these beliefs in the service of poetry in order to have a more romantic effect on the audience in addition to the cultural richness of their poetry. Of course, the function of these beliefs in new sonnet is not only limited to poetry; rather, they have been used in the field of political, social, philosophical, etc. issues among others.

 The main purpose of this article is to study and analyze the forms of scapegoating belief in the Molana’s Masnavi and Attar’s Divan and also to reach the meaning of this religion through these valuable works of mystical literature in order to investigate and extract mythical and folk examples of this religion in these poems.

 The present study was basically based on library studies and was done by descriptive-analytical method.

 Scapegoating is a religious mythical religion that has been common among different ethnicities and nations for various purposes for a long time. Many mythical and ancient traditions have recommended different methods of scapegoating for avoiding disasters or eliminating them. Scapegoating is a religion that is as old as human history in the geographical area of human civilization and is one of the religions that is seen in ceremonies and celebrations and among various tribes and civilizations. The religion of scapegoating has such a root and antiquity that even its traces can be clearly found in the classical literature of Iran and in Molana’s and Attar’s mystical poetry.

 The findings indicate that two prominent poets of Iranian mystical literature, Molana and Attar, are well acquainted with the mythological aspects of the religion of scapegoating and have been able to use it in their poems in the most artistic way possible. In the meantime, Molana pays more attention to the belief of scapegoating and his examples are more than Attar.

Among the ancient Persian literature ,evidences of penetration of the myths of Nations can be found, that indicates the writer’s or poet’s influences are most of these myths. when the writer’s words are exanimated from a mythological point of view; gradually these impacts give them theirs, because from the mythology’s perspective some one who is studing_classical and contemporary texts, if there is an effect of the author from archetype or mythical element, will be realize this factor at writing. In the dyvgavpay(a demon that has a cattle-shaped leg) and religious knowledge story,wich is registered in the fourth chapter of the Marzban nameh , also the same ingredient are visible. Being a negative person called demon, from the time of Zarathustra’s changes among of Iranians, he losts his grand position and , according to the Zoroastrian teachings, has a low and hateful position, on the one hand, in addition has a cattle-shaped leg on the other hand, likewise declaring the text of the mastery the demons initially had on the environment and also, gather all of them by the command of the dyvgavpay, all are elements that can be traced from the point of view of mythology and reading the old texts and the beliefs of the Islamic and Zoroastrians. So in this research we have done it till prove this point that myths ancient Iranian beliefs in the Zoroastrian and Islamic periods and after that, in this text have been impressive.

Iranians, have had some beliefs as their own faith in society and family in their mind from ancient times. Certainly, these beliefs have some sources, and there has been a reason to write about them ,in addition, flesh out  or not these items has existed. For example, one can be refer to an imaginary creature such as “Roc” and “Dragon”, that has been prevalent since the pre_Achaemenian period in Iran and even in other  nations, also now is widespread too. Same everyone  knows well about this issue, it is impossible to find any piece of literacy works that are completely empty of this subject, and anywise, statement that contains the belief in a fictitious creatures or imaginary belief in a real existence is not on a sheet of paper. Absolutely, as we go farther away, due to the lack of modern equipment _which human enjoy today_ more and more, we will see the dissemination of folk beliefs and sometimes , utterly, superstitious about few works and existence. One of the texts in which these beliefs can be found , is the Nafsatolmasdur. This work, with all the simulation and heavy items, contains the factors and elements which, one to one signification such beliefs about fictitious beings or the mythological faith and common of the true and real creatures. Therefore, we decided to extract these factors from the text of this book and analyze, also sometimes explain their roots in this essay.

In the ancient calendar, the year was based on twelve thirty-day months, each of the thirty days of the month was attributed to one of the gods and angels of  Zoroastrian religion.. There have been do’s and don’ts for doing things among Iranians, and every day has been desirable for doing something. In the Pahlavi piece called MAdayAn I Sih-ROzag , thirty days are mentioned, what is suitable and good for which day. The main question of this research is whether the belief in the misfortune of deeds is related to the selfishness of the gods who observe the days of the month and is it influenced or not? In the book of Farziyat-Nameh of Darab Pahlan’s and a piece called “Truth Days” from Azarbad Mehraspandan, the works that should be included in Each of the thirty days of the month did is listed. This research examines the thirty-day requirements of the Iranian month by means of documentary-library study. First, the Pahlavi text of MAdayAn I Sih ROzag is translated into Persian and examined linguistically, and it is matched with the Farziyat-Nameh and advice of Azarbad Mehraspandan. This research shows that the belief that things are unlucky on the days of the month has been common among Iranians and is related to the names and duties of  Gods of  thirty days of the month.

Khaghani is one of the high level poets of Persian poetry and prose in the sixth century AH. He has been a man who has aristocracy on various topics, and he refers in his poems to various sciences. From the sociological point of view of literature, in which, nowadays considered by literary critics, Khaghani's poetry is full of social and political issues. One component of the sociology of literature is popular culture, or in other words, folklore. Khaghani's poetical work is full of folk beliefs of his era. Popular beliefs about animals can be found in the subset of popular culture. Surprisingly, some of these beliefs are applicable even now among the populace and properties.In this essay, the authors have attempted to examine, through a descriptive-analytical method, a section of Folklore in Khaghani's poetical work and to elucidate Khaghani's view of some superstitious material of his era.

Fertility is known as a biological phenomenon. The diversity and proliferation of the popular belief suggest the importance of this issue in popular culture discourse. In different periods, the reflection of the hidden aspect of fertility has been disputed with respect to the culture of society in most cases. In this study, it has been tried to identify and study the ceremonies and rituals associated with birth in Bushehr province considering multi - ethnic groups. The characteristics of child sex, sexual preference, infertility solutions, and the mother – child relationship during and after birth and other interactions between women and childbearing are particularly focused. Following other ethnographic studies, the field method was borrowed as the research method, and in order to eliminate the defects and possible shortcomings from the combination of methods, the direct observation and interviews with women and local midwives were to analyze the ethnological structural and normative explanation. Moreover, the religious attitudes and cultural foundations of rites of passage and fertility rituals were investigated based on sympathetic magic theories, the survival of the fittest, rites of passage, Social contagion and stigmatization. The results show that the representation of rituals is necessary in order to know the cultural past of the regions and its structural and normative explanation regarding the development process and the high migration potential of the province.

Scapegoating is one of the religious-mythical rituals, having been long common among different tribes and nations for various purposes. Many of the mythological and ancient traditions have suggested different ways of scapegoating to stay away from disaster or to abolish it. In classic Persian literature, Sanāī has been named as one of the first innovators who spread the mystical and philosophical and didactic teachings. As evidenced by the great number poems of Hadiqat al Haqiqa, Sanāī is very familiar with the myths and has well made use of the popular culture of his day. By employing descriptive-analytical and library methods, in the present study, we attempt to show that Sanāī took into consideration various forms of scapegoating - including sacrificing, writing amulet, burning peganum harmala (esfand) - in Hadiqat al Haqiqa. To clarify the matter, after analyzing the doctrine of scapegoating and the related rituals, we examine the cases found in Hadiqat al Haqiqa. The findings of the research indicate that Sanāī has been fully familiar with the rituals of scapegoating and used them in the most artistic way possible in Masnavi of Hadiqat al Haqiqa.