جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « popular culture » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

One of the parades of the ecole of realism is "climatic story". Moniro Ravanipour is one of the authors of contemporary fiction literature in the south of the country. Through familiarity with folk tales, legends, popular culture, archetypes, etc., she has depicted many native elements and components and beliefs of the people of the south, and the components of native realism and climate literature form the content of his stories. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the myth and the components of native realism and climate literature in the narrative works of Ravanipour.

This research was done in a descriptive-analytical way based on library studies to analyze the myth and the components of native realism and climate literature in the narrative works of Ravanipour.

In this research, some of the narrative works of Ravanipour, in which the beds, mythological elements and native realism components in them, have more objectivity and have enriched the imaginative aspect of her stories, have been analyzed. In the works of the target author, the most important function of myth is identity building. Analyzing the componens of native realism is a suitable foundation for preventing the erasure of native and ethnic culture and helping to rediscover the identity and culture of Iran, and has established the theory of this research and opens a new window to contemporary literature.

The result of the research shows that in the narrative works of Ravanipour, the space of climate literature, which is one of the characteristics of the ecole of native realism; has been seen and in terms of content of native and local elements, women's pains in personal and social life, characterisation, creating space and with color and native smell is depicted. By defending the social and national identity, the author engages in mythmaking, and by mixing legends and mythical creatures, the ancient beliefs of the predecessors, customs and traditions, seasoned with myth, have been able to play a role in the creation of stories based on native realism in contemporary Iranian literature.

In the present study, Subjective classification of riddles in Qashgai Turkish dialect was discussed. Riddles are considered valuable topics in language studies due to their importance in reflecting the intellectual atmosphere and individual and social identity of a nation. Considering that so far not much research has been done in this field, it becomes necessary to conduct such research. The present research has been carried out using the library method and using 320 riddles taken from the book "Qashqai Topmajalari (Bu Lemajalar) (Collection of Qashqai Folklore riddles)" authored by Mirzaei Asl (2016). The obtained evidence showed that topics such as human beings, human spirits and emotions, plants, and foods, animals and animal parts, elements and parts of nature, human sciences and knowledge, human tools and products, and daily affairs in the nomadic life are central to the topics of Qashqai riddles. In the meantime, topics such as tools and human products with 94 items, followed by animals and animal parts with 52 items, and human sciences and knowledge with 14 items have the least function of related topics among Qashqai riddles.

Literature has been a full-view mirror of social and economic developments. According to this macro perspective, the culture of work and life and the jobs that people have dealt with in some ways have been reflected in poetry. In fact, one of the written sources that can represent traditional occupations and popular beliefs about them is literature. These jobs were very common in traditional society but now are being forgotten due to the growth of societies and the dominance of industry, and they cannot be found except in museums. In this article, we will examine common occupations in the poems of Yaghma Jandaghi. Yaghma is one of the poets who, due to the diversity of his poems and the content of his works, has paid special attention to public culture and occupations of street and market people, and through their recollections, he has nurtured novel meanings and themes. Various occupations such as blacksmithing, gardening, grocery, sewing, nursing, etc. have been reflected in his poems. The current research was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method. The results of the examination of occupations in Yaghma's poems show that his poetry, while having literary, aesthetic and meaning-making uses, also gives a clear picture of the economic and livelihood foundation of that time. In turn, it can open a new chapter of discussion under the title of work culture in the subcategory of public culture.

Legends and oral traditions are important sources of the manifestation of mythology and culture of Iran's past. One of the important components of these traditions is magic and extraordinary acts that originated from the imagination of ancient mankind. Transformation is one of the most important and imaginative effects of local legends. According to the climatic and cultural conditions, the legends of South Khorasan are the origin of wishes and dreams, culture and various mythological rituals. In this essay, an attempt has been made to investigate the legends of the region in an analytical-descriptive way in order to answer the questions of what is the figure-turning in these legends, what are its types, and what are its mythological roots. With the conducted investigations, the results were obtained that transformation exists in most legends and one can see all kinds of transformation in them, including the transformation of human into animal, animal into human, and human into plant. This type of personification has been the most repeated and all these personifications go back to mythological roots such as plant gods or descent gods and the important roles of animals in human life as helpers of gods.

Research on the local languages ​​and dialects of Iran and the collection of various cultural manifestations, including proverbs, leads to a better understanding of the culture and history of the tribes, preserving their dialect and culture, and finally a better understanding of the Iranian languages ​​and culture. Proverbs are a major part of the popular culture of the Baluch people, and a careful study of them will pave the way for the study of cultural patterns, social values, and sociological research.
Most of these proverbs have great moral meanings that play an essential role in teaching transcendent ideas and concepts, transmitting ethnic and generational experiences, and the advancement of individuals in society, but there are also proverbs that have negative functions in history, which have been the cause of social and cultural damage and failure. This research studied this group of proverbs by library and analytical method in order to have an increasing cultural awareness and promote rational views in Baluch society and culture. Although the number of such proverbs is limited, they have caused cultural damage in society due to their widespread use.
Cultural harms have been studied in three areas of individual, family and society along with superstitious beliefs in the field of culture. However, the findings of the current research show the highest frequency in injuries that are related to families. Nonetheless, an independent and documented research with a specific statistical community has not been done in this regard.

Many ideas and beliefs in a society are rooted in religion. How religion is reflected in society and culture is one of the interesting topics in the field of sociology of religion. The system of beliefs and values of the society is reflected in the literature and oral culture of the society. Proverbs, as one of the most important elements of oral literature, can be a reflection of the beliefs and attitudes of the society. In this study, an attempt was made to provide a relatively clear picture of how religion and its dimensions are represented in the popular literature of Gilan by examining Gilaki proverbs. This study was a descriptive and analytical study in which, while analyzing the content of 4562 proverbs in the East and West areas and the center of Gilan, 209 proverbs related to religion were selected. The data was categorized into several categories based on content and concepts. Based on the findings of the research, it can be said that the reflection of the four dimensions of belief (43%), rites and rituals and customs (24%), morality (16%) and Shariat (16%) are shown in the parables. It shows that in the popular culture of Gilan, besides paying attention to religious phenomena and rites and rituals, attention and emphasis is placed on the religious aspects and the functionalist role of religion in the society and the institutionalization of the spirit of religiosity and religious ethics in the society.

The following article tries to investigate the influence of popular culture on the understanding of Azerbaijani Turkish poetry. For this purpose, the poem “Əmoğlı (Əmoğlu)" written by Seifi Ardabili has been chosen as the linguistic corpus of this research. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical. To analyze the poems, the principles of linguistics, especially the relationship between language and culture, have been used. The results of the present research show that language strata such as sounds, phonemes, words, expressions, conjunctions, grammatical clauses, proverbs, and presuppositions, along with the various cultural terms are used in this poem, which have a direct relationship with the level and type of understanding as well as the way of communication with the listener of it.Therefore, the reasons for the influence of “Əmoğlı’s (Əmoğlu)" poetry, in addition to its extraordinary performance by Salim Moazenzade Ardabili, can be found in two cases: a) maximum use of language capacity at different levels of the Turkish language; b) The poet's mastery of the cultural and social context of Azerbaijan and the use of cultural schemes and their integration and application in the mentioned language levels to convey the meaning to the listener. Changing the mental image of the reader or listener of the poem, sharing the linguistic and cultural assumptions and using the phonetic/phonology features of the language in order to convey the meanings intended by the poet are examples of these cases.

 Public culture is an ancient heritage with a territory as wide as the history of humanity, which has been inherited orally, from chest to chest and from generation to generation in the form of valuable experiences. The folk literature of every nation and nationality originates from its culture and civilization and reflects the thoughts, views and also the lifestyle of the peoples and nations in the distant past. The purpose of this research is to identify common beliefs and traditions in Jalalieh treatise by Mohtsham Kashani. Therefore, the current research has analyzed the "public culture investigation in Risal Jalalieh by Mohtsham Kashani" using the method of content analysis and based on library studies. The results of the research show that Mohtsham Kashani used most of the elements of popular culture in his work and used them to make his work more attractive and popular. The way to preserve the good and old traditions has also helped a lot, among which the highest frequency is dedicated to public beliefs and opinions, literature and public terms, and the least of them is dedicated to things such as jobs, professions, and public customs.

From time immemorial, human beings have always whispered songs, whether in solitary moments or in ceremonies such as religious celebrations, hunting, and wars. These songs have been introduced with different names from the beginning until now. Folk songs are rooted in the culture and customs of a nation. People have lived with these songs and expressed their joy and sorrow with them. With them, they have shown their protest, glory and complaint, and in a word, these songs have been a reflection of the customs of the society. In the meantime, the culture of the people of Dashti is considered in this article. In this article, with the approach of textualism and internal analysis and socio-cultural functions, these literary genres have been studied and analyzed. Songs such as Golgoli, Gol Sosani, Sooz Sooz, Zino Zino, etc. are the main materials of this research. In the study of the melodies of these songs, the components and other characteristics of each of them have been mentioned, as well as the literature and verses corresponding to each application. Due to the variety of authorities, songs and melodies, It can be concluded that the music and folk songs of Dashti city are unique in terms of quality and quantity and have a special place in Iran. Due to the industrialization of cities and the death of narrators of ethnic music, the music of these ethnic groups gradually It is also disappearing or forgotten. By examining and explaining the musical structure of ethnic music, we will try to preserve and introduce this music to other cultures.

This article examines the cultural and native characteristics of marriage rituals in Fars province's southern regions, focusing on Alamarvdasht. Through ethnographic research, data was collected in the field and through interviews with locals. The study analyzes the ritual, emphasizing its unique elements and connections to "rites of passage." By showcasing the diverse customs and beauties of the region, this research contributes to understanding and appreciating Fars province's cultural heritage.

There are many similarities between modern popular culture and ancient Iranian rituals. Since the mythological and epic elements originated from popular culture, they remain stable among them. Until now, many similarities can be seen between the themes of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and the popular culture of the people of this time. The purpose of this research is to prove the similarity between the ancient ritual of marriage, in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, with its current form in the popular culture of Lor and Bakhtiari peoples. The intellectual and semantic level of these commonalities, which is one of the basic foundations of stylistics, is examined and analyzed in this research.

The method of investigation and study in this research is analyticaldescriptive using the library method as well as field research and benefiting from the opinions of experts in the field of Shahnameh research and interviews with experts in the field of popular culture.

By exploring the Shahnameh, we can see that ritual and ancient topics have been discussed, which can still be seen in popular culture today. By examining the customs of the people of Lero Bakhtiari, many similarities between the ancient religion and their current form can be seen. Many of these customs are still held among the people, which both shows their dynamism in the present day and also speaks of people's preservation of these ancient assets, which respond to the cultural needs of each period according to the conditions of the time. In this research, examples of these traditions are examined in marriage rituals.

The investigations reveal that there are many similarities between the rituals of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and the popular culture of Ler and Bakhtiari people. Throughout the ages, these people have adopted the example of Shahnameh in their religion and have preserved this unity. The present study proves the religious similarities between marriage among these people and Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, intellectually and semantically.

The horse was of special importance to the ancient Iranians.Victory and honour of Iranians is prove to be true by this noble and profitable animal. In turkish nations ,horse is rechoned holy also and he is always considered as friend of hero and a partner in his victories. "Giarat, horse of Korogli is a symbolic animal that is associated with myth. Having a marine origin and breeding in the terrestrial world has given a special place to  him  and sometimes the winged feature in some narrations attributes his to the worlds of water, earth and air. The victory of the hero over the enemy is not possible without his company .In addition to boldness and arrogance, Girat has human characteristics, feels responsible for Korogli, understands his words, and in general is brother of hero and disappears or die with  him  in various narrations. This article studies the characteristics of Girat, the most important mythical element in the narrations of different nations of Korogli's story. It,s characteristics can be seen in the mythical horses of Shahnameh, especially Rakhsh, but due to the oral nature of Korogli's story and being in the realm of popular stories, the myth of Girat is more prominent  than the mythical horses of Shahnameh.

One of the important characteristics of the excellence of a poem is having cultural supports, which itself consists of different subcategories. One of these subcategories is "Folk Beliefs" which every poet uses according to his studies in popular culture and communication with society. Folk beliefs are a set of beliefs, behaviors and actions. Despite the fact that in some cases, they do not have a scientific basis, they have always been the focus of people's attention. Our main goal in this research is to investigate the way of using folk beliefs and their functions in new sonnets. Also, we tried to categorize and analyze the beliefs used in the sonnet of this era using the analytical-critical method; in this way, we can reach the extent of the use of folk beliefs by the poets of new sonnet and show the role and function of these beliefs in their forms (the main representative of the emotional and romantic field of contemporary poetry). The findings of this research showed that the discussed poets have passed the folk beliefs from their lyrical mentality and have mainly used these beliefs in the service of poetry in order to have a more romantic effect on the audience in addition to the cultural richness of their poetry. Of course, the function of these beliefs in new sonnet is not only limited to poetry; rather, they have been used in the field of political, social, philosophical, etc. issues among others.

This article examines the cultural factors affecting the formation of emotions and feelings and how they are managed in the proverbs of Dehkhoda. To achieve this goal, the method of "inferential content analysis" has been used. The statistical community is a four-volume book of proverbs and rulings of Dehkhoda and is a sample of all Persian proverbs and rulings in this work. The method is as follows: first, the evidence related to the main emotions, i.e. anger and hatred, fear, joy and sorrow, love, surprise and shame in the proverbs and the extracted verdict are categorized, then, the evidence is classified and the frequency of emotions, the causes of its occurrence are counted. After that, their management strategies are identified. Finally, according to the commonalities and differences of the topics with modern psychology, their cultural aspects have been studied. The result indicated that among the emotions, anger, fear, joy, and sadness have the highest frequency, respectively, and the rest of the emotions in popular culture, unlike the new psychology, have received less attention. It seems that given that their management strategies have not been proposed or have not had a negative dimension at all, they were not considered as the emotion of love or surprise, a moral principle, or as shame. This difference is rooted in the cultural dimensions of the Iranian nation. In addition, there is a significant difference in the commonalities of the footprint and the shadow of culture; for example, emotion management strategies are more collective than individual. It could be said that they are rooted in Iranian cultural manifestations such as religious, political, educational, among others.

The national epic of Iran includes the religious and social beliefs and traditions of older times, which are the context of the occurrence of its narrative events and have been extensively presented while telling stories. Including the belief in the influence of stars and constellations on the emergence of events that somehow connect the material world to the supernatural world. Also, resorting to supernatural forces such as magic was a way for a person to overcome his helplessness against destinies. Some of Mazdayasna's rituals and rituals are reflected in this work, which is part of the popular culture and beliefs of that time. Criminal sentences and common methods of punishment at that time is another category that is linked to this literary and epic work as social behavior. In this article, which is provided in a library style, the issues raised are discussed as much as possible.

Local songs are one of the main branches of folk literature and one type of these songs are poems which have been common in marriage rituals. Among these poems, various customs and rituals of the people can be recovered. In Larestan region, most of the local poems are dedicated to songs with the theme of wedding ceremony. The purpose of this study is to express the characteristics of wedding poems in Larestan region and classify them in terms of theme, content and study of mythological themes. The research method in this paper is field and library; The authors first listened, recorded, and categorized some of the songs in terms of content by attending thirty weddings and interviewing olders. In the next step, using library resources, the characteristics and bases of these songs are extracted and studied with a descriptive-analytical approach. Findings show that wedding poems and songs in Larestan region can be divided into two main parts:A) poems that express the people’s customs; B) songs that describe the bride and groom; It is also worth mentioning the mythological themes of these songs, examined in the following sections: 1. The groom taking a bath. 2. Hanabandans. 3. Sacrifice of the rooster and the growth of the plant of life. 4. interwove the tree. 5. Gaz, the tree of life. 6. Rustam. 7. Fairy.

Culture and language are deeply related. Language, whether spoken, written, or visual, can better reflect origins and cultures than any other element. In order to get a true picture of the culture of work in Iranian society and to judge the accuracy of the claim of some experts that there is a weakness of work culture in Iranian society as an undesirable historical heritage, the study of popular culture and literature is important. Given the relationship between language and culture, the cultural characteristics of society should be reflected in the language and the popular culture and the literature of society. Proverbs, as one of the most important elements of popular literature, can to a large extent represent the culture and values ​​ governing the  society throughout history.
Studying how work culture is represented in the popular literature of different local cultures can be an important step in developing research in the field of anthropology and sociology of literature. Therefore, in this research, an attempt will be made to study and study the components related to cultural work in Gilan culture. The issue of this research is how to represent work culture in Gilaki proverbs.


This paper is a descriptive and analytical study in which an attempt is made to refer to a part of the folk culture heritage of Gilan using content analysis method reflecting the work culture in Gilaki proverbs. Content analysis refers to any inferential method used regularly, objectively, and determining the characteristics of messages. After examining about 3070 Gilaki proverbs of East and West and the center of Gilan, 142 Gilaki-related cases related to work culture were extracted. In order to gain an understanding of the content of semantically ambiguous proverbs, an attempt was made to use several people familiar with the Gilaki dialect throughout the research process. Moreover, in this research, each of the proverbs were taken as one content unit. Subsequently, examples with common themes were placed under specific categories.


Today, in development programs, the element of culture is more and more considered to the extent that cultural development is introduced as a factor in the movement and dynamism of society beyond development and economics. One of the most important factors in the development of any society is the existence of an efficient cultureal work and human resources. If we consider culture as a set of values, norms and belief systems of a society, then we can say that cultural work is in fact a set of common values ​​and beliefs of a group or work organization or an economic community in performing productive and service activities. Work culture is a set of internalized, desirable and appropriate behaviors in employees that is necessary for the development and success of the organization. According to Giddens (1994), work culture is a set of values ​​and norms that members of a group have and follow.
People's views on work, commitment and work consciousness, discipline, criticism, teamwork and cooperation and consultation in work, appreciation, looking at wealth, individualism, rationalism, responsibility, risk-taking and foresight, hard work are among the most important components in cultural work. In addition to the above, observance of work divisions and organizational issues, rational thinking in doing things, educatbility, saving on substance use, flexibility, interest and attachment to work, observance of occupational health and safety, use of new technologies are other components of work culture.
Since work culture is one of the signifiant factors of growth and development in any society, most experts introduce the training of human resources and its optimal use as one of the indicators of growth and development of societies. When the work culture in a society is weak, it means that there is no desire to work productively, hence the activities will be less effective. Some studies in Iran emphasize the weakness of work culture in Iranian society. On the other hand, most of the researches emphasize the lack of positive values ​​related to work in the culture and temperament of the Iranian society throughout history believing that laziness, tendency to destiny, irresponsibility and the lack of collective spirit along with other negative characteristics are the most visible obstacles to the development of Iranian society. Proverbs as a part of popular culture and literature can be a reflection of the culture of a society.


After repeated readings of the proverbs, major categories related to work culture were extracted. The value of work and effort, attention to expertise and skills and experience, teamwork and participation, individualism and self-reliance, foresight, attention to time, order in work, wealth, tendency to destiny are among the most significant components of work that are illustrated in Gilaki proverbs.
Among the components of work culture, the component of importance of work and effort (26%), specialization and core skills (15%), foresight and reasoning (11%) and individualism and self-reliance (10%)  are of the highest content frequency in the proverbs. Also, the study of proverbs shows that there is a positive attitude towards the component of participation and group work (8%), order and rule in work (8%). These components are compatible with the culture of development and entrepreneurship. The findings of many previous studies often emphasize the weakness of work culture in Iranian society and the reflection of Iranians’ negative attitude towards it in the popular literature. These studies introduce laziness and weakness in work culture in Iranian society as a historical issue. For example, Rezagholi (1373) and Ghazi Moradi (1389) consider the tendency to destiny and non-individualism of Iranian society throughout history as one of the obstacles to Iran’s development. However, the focus on popular culture indicates that the positive individualism is praised in Gilaki proverbs.

Customs are one of the specific cultural and social issues of any society which have always played an important role in popular culture. The rituals of some communities are so extensive and comprehensive, and are held in various ceremonies and on different occasions. The rituals show the culture and beliefs of the people of each nation. Since some of the Sur rituals in the villages of Arkan and Kastan in North Khorasan Province are unique, carry symbols, and ultimately bring empathy and cooperation to the people of these two regions, this descriptive-analytical research tried to study these rituals with the aim of getting acquainted with the popular culture of these two regions, and the way they have held some Sur rituals in the past and preserved their customs. Field research was used to collect materials, making an effort to preserve and record the ancient rituals and traditions of the Turkish-speaking people of the region. The results of this study show that, from the past to the present with the modernization and progress of life in various fields, Sur rituals have undergone changes and even in some cases have been forgotten among the people of Arkan and Kastan. However, some ceremonies are still held enthusiastically among the people of these two regions, and their citizens strive to preserve and perpetuate these rituals.

This research traces the changes made to Shakespeare’s Hamlet by The Simpsons which is a medium different from literature. In one part of The Simpsons, a TV series with global popularity, a short adaptation of Hamlet is presented. In this article, this series is examined to understand how the medium uses Hamlet to criticize the American life style. This study investigates the transition of canonical literature to popular culture and adopts an interdisciplinary perspective to search the interactions of literature and media. First off, the generic conventions of The Simpsons and the history of its characters will be explained, and then the questions posed by Linda Hutcheon in adaptation studies will be addressed. This research indicates that the adaptation of Hamlet in The Simpsons, on the one hand parodies the highbrow culture and canonical literature, and on the other hand criticizes the stereotypes of the American nuclear family through exaggerated humor. Cultural critics in the United States have critiqued The Simpsons' ideological content but in Iran, animations have rarely received critical attention. This article will investigate how The Simpsons have responded to high culture through double adaptation.

Proverbs have a valuable place in Persian language and literature. Sometimes a very short proverb, is like a book of wisdom replete with important and profound contents of prudence and knowledge. The necessity and importance of proverbs is due to the fact that they express the social way of life, way of thinking and customs of nations; and their study shows a deeper understanding of the beliefs and conventions of our ancestors in the past. Various researches have been done regarding the use, role and quality of proverbs in Persian poetry and prose. This article has been carried out using analytical-descriptive method and for gathering data library method is used. The purpose is to study the role, quality and effect of gnomic verse in the stories of One Thousand and One Nights. The results show that in the book One Thousand and One Nights, Gnomic verse (i.e. proverbs) in Persian language and literature are used proportionately and indirectly to further strengthen and enrich the words.