جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "بعد میان فردی" در نشریات گروه "علوم سیاسی"

The rise of West Asia as a hub for various terrorist groups, many of which are linked to Islam and operate on a global scale, has led to a growing connection between global terrorism and Islam. According to data from the “National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START),” between 2012 and 2017, 17 terrorist groups conducted attacks in Europe, compared to 148 in the West Asia and North Africa. A key concern, beyond the number of active terrorist groups, is the severity of their violence. For instance, during this period, ISIS alone was responsible for 5,646 terrorist attacks, resulting in 39,744 deaths and 856 injuries. In 2012, Europe saw 13 attacks, while Iraq recorded 319. By 2017, Europe experienced 40 attacks (14 in Russia), whereas Iraq faced 1,160 attacks.In explaining the factors behind the rise of terrorist groups and the intensity of their violence, particularly in West Asia, experts and analysts have pointed to various causes such as political instability, economic conditions, cultural characteristics, and psychological disorders. While each of these factors can shed light on aspects of the issue, it is essential to recognize that “terrorism is primarily linked to social factors.” Unlike criminal activities driven by selfish motives, terrorists often believe their actions serve a collective, altruistic goal, highlighting a deeply social dimension. Therefore, social factors, especially community-level trust, play a crucial role in understanding the formation of terrorism and the behavior of terrorists.

The paper adopts a quantitative approach, is periodical in nature, and relies on secondary data sources such as The Legatum Prosperity Index, the Global Terrorism Database, and START. Trust and terrorism are examined as the independent and dependent variables, respectively. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22. The study focuses on West Asian countries, with sampling performed using the hierarchical clustering method known as “Ward.”

Qatar ranks highest in institutional trust, with an impressive average score of 98, while Yemen lags far behind with a score of just 11, indicating the weakest institutional trust. In terms of generalized interpersonal trust, Yemen surprisingly leads with a score of 81, whereas Iraq records the lowest score at 31. On the international trust front, Qatar again performs well with an average score of 60, contrasting sharply with Iraq, which has the lowest score of 20.Throughout the studied period, Iraq experienced a total of 6,205 terrorist attacks, averaging 443 attacks per year. Syria had the highest number of terrorist groups, with a total of 74 operating in the country, resulting in an average of over five groups conducting terrorist operations annually. Iraq also recorded the highest intensity of violence, with approximately 53,000 casualties, meaning that around 4,000 people were killed or wounded in the country each year.Out of the nine possible correlations between the three levels of trust and various components of terrorism, five showed significant relationships. Specifically, there was a significant correlation between interpersonal trust and the number of attacks; institutional trust was significantly related to both the intensity of violence and the number of attacks; and international trust had a significant connection with both the number of terrorist groups and their attacks.

In general, this research aligns with the findings of other scholars in showing that in societies with high levels of interpersonal trust, the formation of terrorist groups is more likely, while an increase in institutional trust correlates with a decrease in violence. However, a unique finding of this study is that a rise in international trust has led to an increase in both the number of terrorist groups and their attacks in West Asia. This divergence from other research may be attributed to the deep roots of Islamic culture in the region and the anti-social tendencies of authoritarian rulers in West Asian countries, who, while engaging with globalization, lean toward liberalism. Therefore, it can be concluded that the lack of mature institutional structures in the region prompts citizens to respond by forming or joining terrorist groups, escalating both the number of attacks and the intensity of violence.

The purpose of this article was to explain how to develop the professional competencies of the financial managers of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army.

In terms of practical purpose, in terms of the type of implementation, descriptive research is mixed with an approach. The statistical population is the number of 125 AJA financial managers who have at least 15 years of service and have a bachelor's degree or higher. The size of the sample population at the interview stage is 9 people using the Cochran formula. 91 people were calculated and sampled by random stratified method. Questionnaire interviews and library studies have been used as data collection tools. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the opinion of experts. Also, its reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 916%The results of the research at the.05% error level showed that the sample community developed competencies

Professional financial managers of Aja have found it appropriate through the development of specialized knowledge by 83.70 percent, through the development of skills and abilities by 82.05 percent, and through the development of individual characteristics by 95.05 percent.Originality:the results of the hypothesis test show that the individual characteristics with an average of 61.4 have the greatest impact on the development of the professional competencies of financial managers of Ajah. Also, in the next ranks, the components of specialized knowledge and skill and ability are respectively with The average is 4.26 and 4.18

The popularity of using workgroups in organizations has increased significantly over the past decade.study consisted of all employees of the sport and youth departments of western provinces of Iran (Kermanshah, Hamedan, Kurdistan, Lorestan and Ilam) with 453 people. 203 employees were randomly selected and participated in the study as a research sample. Data were collected using two questionnaires: Maslach and Jackson job burnout and George's social loafing questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. According to the results, there was a significant relationship between job burnout and its dimensions consisted of emotional exhaustion depersonalization, and reduced personal success with social loafing among employees of sport and youth organizations in western provinces of Iran. According to the results of the present study, employees who are burned out are more likely to shirk the responsibilities assigned to them in the organization. So reducing occupational burnout can reduce loafing.

The main purpose of the research design; Investigating the relationship between the dimensions of emotional intelligence and critical thinking of accounting students of Islamic Azad University. The research method is descriptive-survey and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population was all accounting students of Islamic Azad University, Bushehr Branch, from which 201 people were selected using simple random sampling method. To analyze the data collected in this study, both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used. Descriptive statistics were used to provide demographic characteristics of the subjects and to express central indicators and dispersion such as mean and standard deviation. used. In order to test the research hypotheses and inferential analysis of Kolmogorov-Smirnov methods (to determine how to distribute research data and to investigate the normality of research variables and the possibility of performing parametric tests) and regression and SPSS software to analyze Research hypotheses were used. According to the research findings, all hypotheses were confirmed with a high level of confidence and according to the results, it should be noted that there is a significant relationship between the dimensions of emotional intelligence and students' critical thinking. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the dimensions and components of emotional intelligence with critical thinking and the research hypotheses are confirmed.

User behavior when participating in cyberspace is influenced by several factors. Over the years, researchers have studied the behavior of users and while identifying the factors affecting it, have proposed various models to explain how they participate. The purpose of this article is to identify the individual values ​​that affect the participation behavior of cyberspace users and provide a model. Participatory behavior means using the facilities provided in cyberspace, including communicating, exchanging ideas and information, sharing text and images, and interacting with other people present in cyberspace. The present study is methodologically in the combined research group and first the qualitative approach and deductive content analysis method for model design and then the quantitative approach and structural equation model method for testing and validation of the model have been used. Research data were collected using a semi-structured interview technique with experts. Findings indicate the effectiveness of users' participatory behavior from individual value variables through mediating variables of attitude, desire and intention. Findings indicate a significant relationship between the components of individual factors and social effects and attitudes that were explained in previous research. The components of the value of entertainment, social promotion, self-exploration, stability of interpersonal relationships that have been identified from comparative studies and earning income and job opportunities and behavioral habits identified in qualitative research have a great impact on cyberspace users' behavior.

International Criminal Law (ICL), in order to meet the multidimensional requirements of international community, plays different roles and has contributed to the consolidation and improvement of international legal order. This article, which is conducted through a descriptive-analytic method and by means of a library-based approach in collecting data, aims at reviewing the most significant roles and achievements of ICL in international legal order. Doing so, as the first role, it deals with adding and fixing the notion of international criminal justice to international legal order through the establishment of international criminal tribunals and specifically International Criminal Court (ICC) and the institution of individual criminal responsibility. Thereafter, systemizing and reinforcing the rules of international legal order through codification and progressive development of international law and revitalization of general principles of law as the fundamental but forgotten source of international law that implies the domination of natural rights school’s view regarding the sources of law is taken into account as the second role of ICL. Afterwards, the interesting subject of preservation of fundamental values and interests of international community as the mandate and raison d’être of ICL would be discussed. It appears that ICL is both a sign of evolutionary development and a factor in dynamism and sustainability of international law. Furthermore, it seems that emergence and development of ICL should be regarded as a sign in the gradual formation and relative consistency of international community and transition from international society.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of organizational and social media on covid19 prevention through the mediation of individual risk perception and the moderating role of gender. The present study is a descriptive survey. The main question of the research is to investigate the effect of organizational and social media on people's perception of Corona pandemic and its effect on the prevention of Covid disease. The statistical population includes the personnel of Saipa Company, whose number is 7000 people who were selected using Cochran's formula of 364 samples. Research data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire and finalized through the Delphi method, using the opinion of experts. Reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and hypotheses were analyzed and tested using PLS3 software and structural equation method. Findings indicate that social and organizational networks have an effect on the perception of individual risk, social media has an effect on preventive measures against coronary heart disease, but organizational media has no effect on preventive measures.On the other hand, the role of gender adjustment on the indicators was evaluated, and it was found that gender does not adjust any of the indicators.

Performance appraisal in any organization is considered as the heart of the organization because its output can have a significant impact on the organization's employee retention system. The purpose of this study is to provide performance evaluation indicators for employees of military organizations. The type of research is based on applied and developmental goals. The research method used in this research is a combination of exploratory type. The content of this research in the qualitative stage is the data obtained from the research literature and interviews. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative stage includes scientific experts, experts, senior managers, middle managers and experts and in the quantitative stage includes the staff of military organizations based in Tehran. The sample size was 15 people in the qualitative stage and 203 people in the low stage. The sample members were selected in qualitative stage through purposive sampling and in quantitative stage by proportional stratified sampling method. The research data collection tools were in-depth interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire, including 117 items and an open-ended question with a reliability of 0.98. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis method. Findings from qualitative data analysis were confirmed by interviewees using Delphi method. Data analysis of the questionnaire was performed using descriptive statistics (mean, variance, standard deviation) and inferential statistics including Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical tests, Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis, exploratory factor analysis. Findings showed that the performance evaluation indicators of Iranian military personnel were 72 indicators.

The purpose of this study was to provide a model for promoting individual, social and professional responsibility of graduate students of Tehran University of Science and Research. In terms of the purpose of the research is applied and in terms of how to collect data in a descriptive-survey method with a mixed approach. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative section includes higher education experts and related specialists in the faculties of Tehran University of Science and Research, which were selected as a sample using purposive sampling method with saturated observation. In the quantitative part of the research, the statistical population consisted of graduate students of relevant faculties. Using Morgan sampling table and combined sampling method (cluster-stratified), 387 people were selected as a statistical sample. The data collection tool in the qualitative part of the interview was semi-structured, the validity of which was confirmed by peer review and peer review. In a small part of the researcher-made questionnaire in 44 items was used as a data collection tool. Based on the results of individual responsibility includes four sub-categories (national identity, self-awareness, foresight, self-development); Social responsibility includes three sub-categories (altruism, sustainable development, social harmony) and professional responsibility includes 5 sub-categories (professional knowledge, culture of critique and criticism, conscientiousness, professional ethics, mother learning Omar) were identified.

Political behaviors are undeniable in today's organizations, which due to the positive and negative effects on the performance and productivity of organizations, has been increasingly considered by experts and researchers. The aim of this study was to identify and explain the formation and occurrence of political behaviors of employees in government organizations in a qualitative manner using the Delphi technique. First, based on the literature, studies and results of previous research and conversations with experts, an initial arrangement based on the proposed factors, components and indicators is designed and based on it, a questionnaire (open and closed) is prepared and using Delphi method in three rounds for opinion polls. It was provided to 20 scientific experts (Delphi panel). The results at the end of the Delphi three cycles and using Kendall coordination coefficient showed that four factors including organizational characteristics with 10 components and 30 indicators, individual characteristics with 7 components and 22 indicators, environmental characteristics with 4 components and 12 indicators And the characteristics of organizational culture and relationship with 5 components and 15 indicators have a significant relationship with the formation and occurrence of political behaviors. The results showed that organizational characteristics have the most important role in the occurrence of political behaviors and individual characteristics, environment and organizational culture are important in the next categories, respectively.

Military and law enforcement agencies need authority to govern society. A powerful military organization, without the use of physical tools of power, can make people eager to obey social laws and regulations. The main purpose of this study is to find the extent to which the law enforcement authority of the Islamic Republic of Iran is affected by internal factors. The present research, which is applied based on the purpose, has been conducted with a mixed approach and using a descriptive-analytical method, and related data have been collected in a survey using a questionnaire. The statistical population for quantitative analysis of data was randomly selected from 60 NAJA employees with 18 independent positions and above, of which 58 questionnaires were collected. Also, to determine the content validity of the questionnaire, the opinions of law enforcement experts and specialists with a job position of 19 and above and the provincial police commanders were used, and to determine the reliability, Cronbach's alpha was used. According to the research results, the basic components within the organization affecting the authority of the NAJA are: the component of organizational factors, the component of individual factors and the component of managerial factors. Also, among the indicators in these components, the indicators of quality and appropriateness of education, the degree of cohesion and integration in the organization and the existence of strategy and strategic perspective in the organization were recognized as the most important factors affecting the authority of NAJA. The internal indicators of this study, in order of priority for the selection of respondents, can be used as a suitable criterion for increasing the authority of the police force

In the current century, the growth and development of technology has not limited to the working processes of organizations and industries, but has also affected the social system. The purpose of this study is to discover and describe the profound influences and findings of faculty members of a university on the effects of technological development in interpersonal communication based on Islamic-Iranian lifestyle. This study is conducted with exploratory approach and utilizes semi-structured interviewing tools to collect data. Then, using the content analysis method, the collected data was studied and analyzed. The subjects (participants) were 13 faculty members who were selected through a targeted snowball sampling method to achieve theoretical saturation. Individual isolation and hypocritical actions, two levels of individual level, and community level, themes of social communication monitoring, culture of boasting behaviors and at the level of the human being, and the theme of weakening human dignity are the main extracted themes. Finally, the contents of the interviews were adapted to the dimensions and components of the Islamic-Iranian lifestyle, and the differences were explained. Research findings could be beneficial for better understanding and strengthening of collective awareness of different dimensions of technology development and development in the community and making policymakers more confident in dealing with it.

Participation is of the processes of democratic citizenship and has become one of the remarkable topics of urban policy. Citizen participation is deemed more important in lower levels of local government like city regions and neighborhoods. This paper studies the participatory representation of a neighborhood council in Tehran along four dimensions of informative, consultative, decisional and executive. Interviews with all the 10 councilors and a survey of 338 neighborhood stakeholders were carried out. Findings suggest that the councilors evaluate the informative and decisional dimensions as low but they assess their consultative dimension as average and the executive dimension as high, whereas the stakeholders evaluate every four dimensions as low. In light of these results, the council’s need to revise its participatory policies might become clear.

Political participation as one of the varieties of participations, is considered as one of the important indicators of political and social developments in countries. Political participation of university students that are considered as the largest population group in the developing countries and responsponsible persons for the administration of society in future, have special importance for political perseverance and dynamics of society. The main goal of writing this paper is to study the relationship between the feeling relative deprivation and political participation of the students in the university of Isfahan. This paper was conducted by measuring and descriptive method.This model included 188 students from university of Isfahan which were chosen by cluster sampling. For collecting in for mation, the method of questionnaire has been used. Analysis of the datas has been done by the use of regresion multiple variable analysis and with using spss16 soft - ware and Amos18 findings showed while there is no meaningful relationship between the feelings of economical deprivation and measure of normal political participations, but there is a negative relation between other dimensions of relative deprivations with the political participations and with the increase in feelings of relative deprivation the amount of political participation in every dimensions decreases.

International law is the product of the interaction of states as the major players of the international community. Traditionally the will of the states is of great importance in creation and recognition of legal rules and norm-setting at international level. The recent developments in the area of international law indicate that the sovereignty of states is facing with the will of international community so that the acceptance or rejection of commitment against a transnational request by a certain state in some cases does not have any impact on affirmation of its international responsibility. The last forceful example is the reference of the Libyan situation to the International Criminal Court (ICC) by the UN Security Council. The present article while assessing the way of UN function regarding the Libyan developments, will analyze the legal bases of reference of Libyan case to International Criminal Court.

This paper attempts to present a different approach to the study of political concepts by using the paradigmatic undertaking. This effort is undertaken to help avoid the misunderstandings prevailing in the study of political philosophy. The concept of "friendship" is studied here in the framework of paradigms to indicate that once again the notion of friendship is gaining a central significance in contemporary political thought. The paper first elaborates the characteristic of three thought paradigms and then the concept of "friendship" is explained in three paradigms: classical, modern individualist and critical-social paradigm.

We must review the causes and backgrounds of social changes, including revolutions, in deferent epochs. By doing so, we can sure they become unforgettable. Consideration of causes and backgrounds of a revolution is one of the key elements in continuing the ideals of the revolution. This article try to study the humanistic causes and backgrounds of the Islamic revolution of Iran. According to his point of view there are humanistic causes, individual and social, for revolution. We can refer to responsibility for realization of ideals of revolution, responsibility of each person in helping to develop the divine movements and role of leadership as Individual, and some cultural and political causes as social causes.