جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « فضای سایبری » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

Cognitive warfare means targeting the cognition of the general public and the elites of the target society by changing norms, values, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors through the management of perception and perceptions, and in many sources, cognitive warfare as the fifth dimension or in Depending on the type of division, it is referred to as the sixth dimension, which regardless of the desired number of the main subject, which is an independent dimension, has a special importance and position, and in other words, all other fields are somehow in The service of this dimension and one of the things that play an active role in the service and development of this area is the cyber space, so that today most of the cognitive warfare operations are carried out either in the cyber space or relying on this space. and since one of the goals in this war are people and communities, therefore this research, which is of an applied-developmental type, seeks to develop strategies to deal with the people-centered cognitive war, in order to achieve this by using Descriptive-Analytical Method After exploratory studies and conducting library and field research and by completing the questionnaire, the statistics of 24 factors of the internal environment and 22 factors of the external environment were determined and finally, 9 selected strategies were formulated with the SWOT method and their prioritization. It was done using the QSPM technique.

Today, many critical infrastructures in the fields of energy, health, transportation (sea, air, land and even outer space) and telecommunications are highly dependent on computer systems and internet networks, Such a platform has changed the concepts of armed attacks and force as hostile states conduct their hostile operations in cyberspace, In some cases, these attacks destroy the infrastructure of a country, and the destructive effects of such actions will be far more than military operations, Therefore, the importance of developing international mechanisms is an inevitable necessity, The question is, based on which propositions do the current rules governing international relations make it possible to deal with subversive operations? And does international law have the capacity to identify cyber attacks as an example of resorting to force or not? It seems that the answer to the questions depends on the analysis of the existing international realities, Until now, binding international rules have not been established in this field, and governments only respond to these operations based on the principle of legitimate defense, However, there is no rule in the issue of compensation for damages and dividing the boundary between legitimate and illegitimate actions and it is difficult to identify cyber attacks as an example of force, In this article, the author tries to analyze a logical and descriptive interpretation of the rules of international law, the application of the said rules, focusing on the instrumental, goal-oriented and effect-oriented approach in the cyber space.

In recent years, the recognition of cyberspace as an emerging military domain has prompted significant changes in the approaches of countries and organizations to the concept of cyber defense. NATO, as an international military organization, has also been impacted by this process and has undertaken the task of updating and redesigning its cyber defense strategy for nearly a decade. The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of identifying cyberspace as a new military domain on NATO's cyber defense strategy and to analyze these effects descriptively. The findings of this research indicate that recognizing cyberspace as a new military domain has significantly influenced NATO's cyber defense strategy in recent years. NATO has developed new policies and frameworks to address cyber threats and has substantially increased its investments in strengthening cyber defense capabilities. Moreover, ensuring the security of cyberspace, as a fundamental aspect of creating an effective cyber defense strategy, has played a prominent role in realizing the principle of NATO's collective defense in the cyber domain. Given the importance and necessity of updating cyber defense strategies based on current requirements and complexities in this field, the results of this research can be a valuable resource for policymakers, military commanders, and researchers active in the field of cyber defense in the Islamic Republic of Iran to make innovative decisions and develop effective strategies in this area.

The role of cyber space in the maritime environment of the countries is very prominent and it contains important consequences for the security and maritime strategy of the countries. In this regard, the question of the present article is what is the role of naval forces in the field of cyber space and what are the consequences (opportunities and challenges) of this space for the security and maritime strategy of countries? In response to this question, by using the descriptive-analytical method and document research tools, we came to the proposition that cyberspace is the core of success in naval missions and forms the basis of control and command of naval forces. Intelligence-based systems enable battlespace awareness, intelligence gathering, targeting, and other capabilities. The goal of modern naval forces is to maintain the freedom of maneuver and deprive the enemy of freedom of action at sea, which is provided by cyber capabilities and equipment. Adversaries' cyber capabilities, such as precision targeting and long-range attacks on ships, mean that navies at sea are more tightly interconnected than ever before, yet more vulnerable. The traditional balance of power between navies and adversaries has been disrupted by the proliferation of cyber capabilities, which has created asymmetries. Cyber ​​capabilities also make smaller navies and non-state actors disproportionately powerful.

Since the advent of cyber technology until today, this field has made many advances and has affected various fields, so that its absence is problematic in the process of human life, and on the other hand, it can act as a threatening tool. Today, the development of cyber technology has caused new concerns about the national security of countries. Several actors use this technology for various purposes, especially cyber attacks. In this article, an attempt is made to introduce important government players in the cyber arena, and to discuss their influence on the process of changing the strategies of the United States of America and the country's response to maintain its security in the face of such threats and developments. The purpose of this article is to examine the actions of China, Russia, Iran and North Korea as competitors of the United States and active countries in the cyber space in order to understand the process of changes in the strategy of the United States of America and how it reacts as the most advanced cyber player. Therefore, we are looking for an answer to the question of what influence these government actors active in cyberspace have had on the process of changing the country's strategy against cyberspace threats. Therefore, the findings indicate that the increase in the effectiveness of cyber technologies on national security, the emergence of government actors and the growth of their cyber movements have influenced the abandonment of the defensive approach and the adoption of an aggressive approach against cyber threats. The following article is written based on the national security framework and in an explanatory way using library resources.

Cyber attacks are a global problem that now pose great threats to the world security. Every day we see cyber attacks around the world in such a way that currently no part of the world is immune to these attacks. Capacities and potentials that The cyberspace has brought about human society has led countries to exploit these capacities and potentials for their own political and economic purposes that this has disrupted global cybersecurity. The only thing that can help solve this problem in the world is the cooperation of States at the international level to strengthen their cyber security. In this study , the question which arises is that What is the need for states to work together to strengthen their cyber security? Using the descriptive – analytical method , this question has been answered that because all aspect of human life has got dependent on cyber technologies and such a level of dependence leads to the abuse of some states in carrying out cyber attacks on the vital infrastructures of states , it is necessary that in order to strengthen cyber security , states should cooperate globally.

The strategic position of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the region and the international system and the failure of the domination system in the field of severe and costly threats has changed the strategy of the enemies of the Islamic system and the use of existing capacities in cyberspace to confront the Islamic Republic of Iran.  Cybersecurity is one of the components of national security that should be seriously considered and evaluated on an ongoing basis. Proper assessment of cyber security identifies the strengths and weaknesses of countries in various fields and by planning and providing the necessary strategies, ultimately leads to its promotion. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to achieve a native model of cyber security assessment of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Based on the orders and measures of the Supreme Leader, upstream documents in the field of cyber and documents of global institutions and using the clustering technique in content analysis and Delphi method, five concepts of governance, legal, empowerment and capacity Construction, defense-security and socio-cultural were identified as the main dimensions of the cyber security assessment model and then the components and stakeholders of each of these dimensions were extracted and finally the cyber security assessment model of the Islamic Republic of Iran was presented after approval by cyber experts.

Cyberspace or cyberspace is a term that has been considered by criminologists and jurists in recent years, and at the same time with the creation of this space, crimes occur in it and using it. The legal fight against these crimes required the elimination of several important steps: First, the criminalization of criminal behavior, of course, criminalization without the invention and achievement of criminal responsibility is considered more or less incomplete, which is why the Iranian legislature in the Computer Crime Law on criminal responsibility Legal entities have emphasized and criminalized these individuals for the first time in Iranian law, so the issue of criminal liability and its scope in cybercrime law is of paramount importance, there are likely to be many questions related to the scope of liability. Individuals to be expressed in cyberspace, the Iranian legislature has dedicated the sixth chapter of the Cybercrime Law to the issue of criminal liability, and the change in the said law has led to the discovery and invention of criminal liability for legal entities in cyberspace.

Internet liability of Internet intermediaries means that if the actions of any person who deals with the Internet under different headings and purposes, lead to damage to the interests or rights of others, whether a person or a person, how and on what basis, should be required to Compensate. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted by referring to libraries and Internet sites. Examples that provide civil liability in cyberspace, such as the role of social networks and intermediaries and providers of virtual communication services and their place in the analysis of civil liability in space Examines and analyzes cyber law and proves that the basis of civil liability in cyberspace is based on fault and guarantee of rights and the type of liability is also joint and several. The results of the research also show that the victims in this space can claim all the material and moral damages that have been inflicted on them according to the general rules of civil liability.

The vast expanse of virtual space and the growing prosperity of businesses operating in this space, on the one hand, and the development and tendency of societies towards new ways of supplying goods in order to avoid wasting time, energy and costs, on the other hand, lead to a significant increase in the use of electronic facilities to meet needs and requirements. people and recently the spread of corona disease and covid 19 virus has also become the cause. Due to the increase of virtual businesses, there has been an increase in trade union violations of businesses operating in this space, and as a result, the demands of people and officials have also increased, especially in this critical period. The fight against trade union violations in the cyber space is an issue that has received the attention of the legislator in recent years due to the development of the e-commerce space. The method of collecting information in this research is the library method, which is provided in the form of text reading and scanning of original and first-hand data such as scientific books and scientific-research articles. The results of the research show that although the legislator has taken a special look at such activities in the law amending the trade union system law. But due to the vastness of this space in all dimensions, we are facing many shortcomings that we need to amend the regulations in this field.

Cyber space is an integral part of children's life by providing high levels of information, communication and entertainment. The right of children to access the cyberspace in order to enjoy their fundamental rights such as the right to education, the right to freedom of expression and information, the right to entertainment and the right to participate in social gatherings, undoubtedly requires a safe and favorable environment. The cyberspace, despite its numerous benefits, has led to many harms to children due to widespread and complex crimes and lack of awareness and lack of legal framework, which has endangered the psychological and moral security of children as the human capital of societies. According to the findings of this research, violence against children has been widespread in the cyber space all over the world, and according to international documents and reports, it is necessary that governments, based on their commitments, provide solutions to protect children in order to deal with and Prevent these injuries and crimes. Among other things, by means of international cooperation and joining global conventions and solutions, following the implementation of children's rights, legislation to protect children, using filtering software, and expanding and strengthening citizens' media literacy, the cyberspace has been greatly improved. It became a safe place for children to use.

The goal of this article is to examine the competitive guiding principles for global cyberspace. One of the ways to achieve this goal is to compare and understand the way countries, especially great powers, view this issue. Because of this, the main question of the research is: what is the approach of Russia and the United States to cyber sovereignty? And in a broader context, what factors influence their stance? In response to this question, the results of the study show that Russia, as in the real world, supports Westphalian sovereignty in cyberspace. However, the analysis of this sovereignty shows that this type of sovereignty is more dominant in relations between Russia and Western countries, and Russia uses the model of post-Soviet sovereignty in relation to Post-Soviet countries. In contrast, the United States uses a multi-stakeholder model of cyber sovereignty. However, a closer look at this model also shows that the United States has used this model only to maintain its hegemony in cyberspace and views the role of government as a controller within. The results also show that many of the differences between Russia and the United States in terms of cyber sovereignty can be attributed to two fundamental variables: the political ideology of the political system and the desired order in the international system. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and data are derived from a review of studies, documents, and reports.

In the age of communication, the power of technology is considered as one of the sources of power to deal with cyber threats to governments and countries. Due to the change in the traditional nature of power and security and the formation of a new dimension of threats to countries, attention to the Internet and cyberspace has become or will become one of the main pillars of policies and decisions within governments. The Islamic Republic of Iran, as one of the countries with a suitable geopolitical position in the West Asian region, is not free from cyber threats. The main question is what are the solutions to counter cyber threats in strengthening the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran from a geopolitical perspective? This research has been done in terms of practical purpose and in terms of nature and method of research, descriptive-analytical and based on the library method and interviews with 25 elites in the field of cyber. In order to analyze the data and present the model, according to the nature and method of research and the need for hypertext analysis, the method of qualitative content analysis (content analysis) has been used. The results show that the Islamic Republic of Iran is not free from the threats of cyberspace and the national security of the country is attacked through cyberspace and faces the dangers that the solutions obtained in this study, will strengthen the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran from a geopolitical perspective.

With the development of cyberspace and its increasing applications that have affected individual and social life and various aspects of national and public security, the occurrence of unforeseen events in the political, security, economic, social and cultural spheres and the surprising effects arising From that, it has created scattered observation structures for observation, monitoring and alerting based on the needs and mission of various organizations and institutions in the country. With the establishment of the High Council on Cyberspace and other coordinating structures at the highest levels and their efforts to integrate activities, systematization of the field of observation, monitoring and warning is also on the agenda, At least this system has been developed at the national level. The nature of cyberspace and the need for synergy in the face of it make it unavoidable to pay attention to the development and maturation of this system at the national level. In this study, we have analyzed the maturity status and gap between the current and desired situation and presented the maturity model of this system. Maturity models provide a controllable approach to assessing the level of growth of a system or organization. These models illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of organizations. The results show that among the 14 selected indicators, the agility indicators, process integration and process definitions are of special importance and need more attention in the maturity of the system. Finally, the proposed maturity model of the research is presented in the form of a radar diagram.

As a splinter group of al-Qaeda, ISIL claimed the caliphate and ruled over large parts of the Islamic Republic of Iraq and Syria with the start of the Syrian civil crisis in 2014. The group is increasing its land acquisition, taking advantage of the crisis in Syria and Iraq; In 2015, half of Syria was occupied by the group. On the other hand, ISIL's advance in Iraq, the group was able to occupy a large depth of Iraqi territory and, as it continued to occupy, gained control of large parts of northern and eastern Iraq to the entrances to Baghdad. With the rapid rise of cyberspace capabilities in recent years and its widespread use among communities around the world, terrorist groups have not been unaware of the use of cyberspace capabilities. According to the evidence, the strategy of expanding the sphere of psychological influence by creating an atmosphere of terror by publishing images of the brutal killing of ISIL in the wars in Iraq and Syria has been successful. Therefore, considering the importance of this issue in identifying the behavior of terrorist groups in the age of information technology, the present study tries to describe and discover the impact of ISIL's use of cyberspace by descriptive-analytical method and using library resources. Social networks control and expand the cultural and territorial sphere of influence of this group in the region.

Today, technology, the Internet, and computer commerce play a major role in global communications. This phenomenon has created a new frontier between the cyber world and the real world, but the inherent weakness of ICT has put the system at risk for numerous security threats. Governments' use of unsafe cyberspace has paved the way for security threats including sabotage, disruption, assassination, espionage, and other related crimes. The purpose of the present study is to examine the strategies and approaches of the two countries in the field of cybersecurity, as well as to discover weaknesses or shortcomings in cybersecurity. In this study, while investigating cyber-related security threats in both Iran and the United States, security measures to address these threats have been investigated. The results of the study showed that cyber - space experts in iran have less attention to the identification of cyber - threats and thus in the national security domain, counter - threats to cyber - threats with regard to threats should be updated and new strategies have been taken. in this context, in the field of technology, legislation and culture building, certain programs are formulated and effective measures have been taken.

Writer: Saeed Kafi Abstract The social life of countries is based on the continuity of the performance of their vital and critical infrastructure. That is why hostile countries are trying to prevent this function from continuing in the target countries. Today, the development of information technology and cyberspace has made important parts of the function of their vital and critical infrastructure dependent on this space. As a result of such dependence, the security of infrastructure is tied to cyberspace. The present study, as its concern (the purpose of the article), seeks to address the defense-security indexes of cyberspace of their vital and critical infrastructure of the country according to the approaches of passive defense. In this regard, this indexes has been developed in 3 areas of human resources, processes and technology using descriptive-analytical method and with a survey approach and maximum use of expert opinions. For this study, a statistical sample of 50 people was considered in a complete method. The most important indicator in this regard is the localization of hardware and software in cyberspace-related sectors in critical infrastructure.

Nowadays, due to the increasing scope of cyber space in the economic, political, cultural and military scopes at the national level, its impact on national security is undeniable. Therefore, one of the main axes of the national security threat in the era of communications and globalization for countries is the cyberspace. Whereas a significant portion of past cyber-related incidents have been linked to the creation of insecurity and security threats that could disrupt public order as an element of national security; The existence of a coherent system to determine the role of the sovereignty, to direct executive activities and coordination, Supervision and leading the involved departments, to monitor the evolution of cyberspace with a national security approach seems more necessary than in the past. Iran's cyber observation, monitoring and warning system, with a security-centric approach, while managing national and international threats, facilitating the deployment and empowerment of different domains paves the way for the expansion of the sphere of influence in different fields. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study is to enumerate the dimensions of the cyber observation, monitoring and warning system and to clarify the gap between its present and desired status. Prioritizing addressing each of these dimensions in order to achieve the desired situation is also another part of the objectives of this study. According to the subject and purpose of the research, the type of research is applied-developmental and it is descriptive-analytical in terms of performance. Finally, the dimensions of the system are presented in the order of cultural, social, diplomatic, defense-security, economic, political, and science and technology priorities. Also the analysis shows that there is a significant difference between the desirable and the present statusof the dimensions of cyber observation, monitoring and warning system from the perspective of national security.

Cyberspace, while creating multi-faceted interaction and communication between users, makes it possible to share interests, connect with other cultures, beliefs and religions and obtain information on various topics. But improper use of this space can lead to irreparable damage, such as compromised privacy, the loss of family relationships, the phenomenon of sexual victimization and so on. Sexual victimization in cyberspace refers to the process of sexual victimization by the emergence, growth, development and finally, the use of information technology. Among the audience of such tools and facilities are children who have entered cyberspace with insufficient awareness, and under the influence of some factors, they are subjected to various crimes such as pornography, sex trafficking via the Internet, internet harassment, sex tourism, sexual demand, and media violence. These crimes occur for reasons such as insufficient computer awareness, curiosity, attractiveness of the victim due to characteristics such as childishness, and lack of monitoring methods. Dealing with child victimization in any situation and space is very important in all respects, and considering its increase in a cyberspace that is not under the supervision of parents, it is very important to pay attention to the methods of dealing with this issue and examining the legal aspects of related events. Therefore, the present article seeks to investigate child sexual victimization in cyberspace and find legal solutions to deal with it, and to do so, a descriptive method has been used.

The realization of cyber security along with the technical and equipment dimensions is in need of expansion and development of competent and efficient human resources. Thus, the main purpose of this research is to design a model for strategic human resource development in the field of cyber security of the Armed Forces of Islamic Republic of Iran. Regarding its purpose and data collection and analysis, this study is applied-developmental and quantitative. In order to attain its goal in the first stage, by extracting 140 indicators, 50 components and 15 dimensions of exploratory studies, a conceptual model was designed. In the second stage, a questionnaire was prepared based on the components of the model. The validity (face and content) and reliability of this instrument were examined by surveying opinions of 8 experts. In the third stage, based on the views of 43 scientific and executive experts in the field of cyber security of the country, using SPSS and PLS software the desirability and relationships of the model components were evaluated. The results of this phase showed that at the level of p ≤ 0.05 out of 20 regulatory hypotheses, except for three hypotheses, i.e. the relationship between staff development apparatuses and jihadi culture; the mediating role of maturity, stakeholders' participation and cooperation in the relationship between their development instruments and enhancement of cyber security governance; and the mediating role of the mentioned mediating variable in the relationship between stakeholders' development apparatuses and the promotion of global indicators of cyber security readiness, other assumptions have been significant. In conclusion, based on the research results, some suggestions have been presented on how to achieve strategic development of human resources in the field of cyber security of the Armed Forces.