جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ژئوکالچر » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

The exaltation of any society is possible in the light of social cohesion and the general participation of the members of that society. The purpose of social solidarity is the common commitment of individuals and smaller identity groups to that big "we" that gives people a collective identity in this way both in the subjective dimension and in the objective dimension and at the group levels. and institutions are established. One of the highest levels of solidarity is transnational solidarity, in which people and groups with different nationalities and citizenships find a sense of belonging and common commitment around a single axis. Sociologists also create social solidarity and public participation. They consider society to be caused by factors such as common feelings and balance and harmony between beliefs and values. These factors appear at any level - from local to international - of society, they can cause convergence and harmony among its members and bring social order to them. It is on this basis that different cultural perspectives based on order appear in the world at any time and place.One of the gatherings in which the solidarity and unity among the activists has found an external appearance is the Arbaeen walking ceremony. Despite the presence of different identities together, the activism of the participants in the Arbaeen march is based on shared efforts and strength, which has become the main basis for the creation of an atmosphere of solidarity in the Arbaeen community. The current research seeks to analyze the Arbaeen walking ceremony from the perspective of social solidarity in the context of Shia culture.In the structure of culture, cultural diversity including nationalism and religious differences do not cause political conflict and war. Still, this cultural diversity is turned into an opportunity, and with the strategy of "unity while diversity", while respecting the cultural diversity of countries and curbing the negative aspects of religiosity and nationalism, the advantages of convergence are used to prevent war and violence. Cultural convergence in an identity society is created by several factors. Among these factors is that cultural diversity does not cause political conflict, but rather it is used as a tool for intercultural dialogue, and people, while having distinct micro-identities, consider a common identity as their priority.Analyzes of social solidarity are mostly from a functionalist and instrumentalist point of view, while the internalization of solidarity requires the internalization of common norms and values and one of the elements capable of this is the element of religion and religious identity. This component has played a central role in the Arbaeen walking phenomenon to achieve convergence and order. The phenomenon of Arbaeen walking as a social and popular movement has been an important factor in the formation of convergence and solidarity of Shiites and the consistency of Shiite cultural geography in recent years. In this great event, Shiites from different countries of the world walk the route of Najaf to Karbala on the occasion of Arbaeen the third Shiite Imam. This coherent community in line with the conventional international standards has two distinct features; Its first feature is that it is the largest human gathering in the past and present on earth; So that in this community, a population of over twenty million people are present, which is unique in the history of the world. Another feature of this great gathering is its repetition every year. According to statistics, the number of pilgrims has increased every year, and this shows the continuation of this movement among Shiites.In the phenomenon of the Arbaeen procession, the common religious identity that is the characteristic and commonality of Shiites regardless of ethnicity, nationality, language, and race has created the potential for cultural convergence among them. Convergence, based on which there is the possibility of more and more intercultural interactions. By promoting cross-cultural relations, this Shiite society can take steps towards cultural convergence and strengthen and expand the common Shiite identity. In this case, the Shiite society, while respecting the micro-identities, has used cultural tools to promote the Shiite identity, and the activists of this society can see themselves ready to play a role in a larger space where the necessary facilities are available for them. Therefore, by focusing on why and how the Arbaeen procession affects Shiite culture, the need to pay attention to the category of solidarity and civilizational order in regional dimensions is investigated.  Since the cultural geography of Shia is based on Shia convergence, the main question is whether the basic stem of this social solidarity created in Arbaeen has been effective in the formation of Shia culture. In response to this question, the hypothesis is that the solidarity created in the Arbaini society, because it is at a transnational level with the components of inclusiveness of solidarity, social welfare, economic welfare, security welfare, religion, and based on a civilizational vision in the form of denationalization. It has been shown that it is one of the effective factors in the consistency of Shia culture.In methodology, the statistical population and research indicators will be studied using quantitative methods. This article is practical in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical in terms of method, and field survey type in terms of data collection. To examine the mentioned hypothesis, after examining the concept of social solidarity, this concept was examined in the topic of transnational solidarity and in six separate components to get out of the abstract state, and in the findings section, in each section to prove the hypothesis of the article, The questions raised from the statistical sample, that is, the participants in the Arbaeen march, are analyzed along with statistical analysis using SPSS.Based on the findings of the research, the Arbaeen community, in addition to emphasizing increasing the level of intra-religious solidarity and the possibility of spreading the Arbaeen convergence model in all Shiite identity groups in the future, the possibility of enjoying a peaceful life between their identity community and other religions and They consider religions to be possible and have emphasized the influence of behaviors based on shared efforts in the Arbaeen procession phenomenon on the social well-being of Shiites. This community believes that the solidarity created in Arbaeen has a positive impact on people's well-being - through the model of economic participation of the type of self-sacrifice - the security of the Shiite world and the disappearance of national borders and the emergence of identity borders through the increase of internal solidarity. will leave religious in general, the analysis of the data shows that the increase in social solidarity in the cultural sector of social forces in the future seems probable, that if this unity is combined with regional order and the strengthening of civilizational factors, it will lead to the sustainability of the cultural geography of the group. It will be social.

The Karabakh crisis remained in a state of neither war nor peace for tens of years, but with the Second Karabakh War, it came out of the state of "frozen conflict" and the South Caucasus, especially the Karabakh region, underwent deep changes. Since this war is not a random thing but rooted in the historical developments of the region, the main question of the article is “how did the course of historical developments in the South Caucasus affect the geopolitics of that region in the 2020 Karabakh war?” In response, this hypothesis proposes that the zero-sum situation was the principle governing the geopolitical developments of the South Caucasus region and its lasting legacy. This article has evaluated the complex history of the South Caucasus its geopolitics and its economic and cultural components, Geo-economics, and Geo-culture, and examined its consequences for the Nagorno-Karabakh war in 2020. The findings of the research showed that the Second Karabakh war was an ethnic-territorial war and the economic components played an essential role in its formation. Also, the sum of zero is the ruling principle in this region. In this article, a deductive research approach has been used, which is with the application of the geopolitical study model in the framework of regional studies. The data analysis was descriptive-analytical and the data of this research was collected using internet and library sources.

Many analyzes about the Arbaeen phenomenon have been in the field of geopolitics and the political consequences of this phenomenon for the region and the world. While this phenomenon cannot be limited to the political-security domain; Rather, the analyzes of geoculture, focusing on identity issues, will shed light on its various dimensions, and from this entry, we can also enter into the identity analyzes surrounding the regional order. Based on this, it is very important to analyze why and how the Arbaeen procession affects the Shia geoculture, focusing on the identitarianism arising from it.

In methodology, research indicators, society and statistical sample will be studied using quantitative methods. This article is practical in terms of purpose, quantitative in terms of method, and field survey in terms of data collection method.

The findings of the research show that most of the statistical sample of the research, despite having different views on Shiite identityism, are sensitive to its existing challenges and have a tendency to be active. Also, the statistical sample of the Arbaeen procession has evaluated the promotion of the sense of belonging to the Shiite identity, which shows that; The Arbaeen ceremony has had a positive effect in preserving, consolidating and strengthening the Shiite identity among its followers.

Based on the findings of the research, the fading of physical boundaries and the expansion of identity boundaries in the belief of social forces in the future, it seems likely that if it is accompanied by the provision of solidarity grounds, it will cause It will be the cultural geography of social groups.

In recent decades, changes and developments in the international arena in various forms have provided the grounds for the growing dependence of countries on each other. In such a way that this dependence has made it very difficult to achieve national interests and security without active and powerful acting and role-playing resulting from a realistically foreign policy in the regional and global arena. Whereas the adoption of an effective foreign policy in order to create sustainable security depends on recognizing the influencing factors on the foreign policy of countries; Therefore, efforts should strengthen these mentioned factors to achieve national goals and create security. On this basis, among the security maker factors, geopolitical factors is one of the most important and influential factor, because geopolitics can determine the foreign policy strategies of countries and by identifying the limitations and facilities in the geographical space of the country, can provide achievement grounds to political goals, power and security of the country. The main purpose of this study is to explain the geopolitical opportunities that generate power and sustainable security for Iran in the region of Southwest Asia. This study seeks to answer the question of how is Iran's geopolitical weight evaluated in the security equations of the of Southwest Asia region? Methodology governing the present study, which has a descriptive-analytical nature, Based on the theory of Barry Buzan's regional security complex, it is based on the assumption that the geopolitical variable (as the main influential factor in shaping Iran's security equations)

Turkey is one of the neighboring countries of Iran that has many advantages in terms of geopolitics and perhaps it can be mentioned as one of the few countries with regional influences around Iran. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer the question of what are the factors of divergence in the political relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkey?The objectives of this study are to investigate the divergence factors in the political climate of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkey based on three categories of geopolitical factors, geoeconomic factors and geocalcher factors.This research is applied-developmental and descriptive-analytical and survey method. The results of this analysis show that in all three components of geopolitics, geocalchery and geoeconomics, the mentioned priority caused divergence and a total of 15 factors were confirmed.In response to sub-questions, the most important geopolitical factors, the Kurdish question in Syria and turkey's military presence under the pretext of fighting them in Syria and the most important geocalcular factors, the flagship of the Islamic system in the region by Iran and the most important geoeconomic factors, the competition of the two countries to influence the markets of the Caucasus and Central Asia were determined.

Many analyzes of institutional issues are devoted to economic and political analyzes, and less attention has been paid to the role of cultural components and social movements by institutionalists. Today, however, cultural and social phenomena have a significant impact on international relations. The Arba'een Pilgrimage is also a phenomenon that can be studied in this regard. Accordingly, the analysis of why and how institutional elements affect the consistency of a regional order is of great importance.

In methodology, the statistical population and research indicators will be studied using quantitative methods. This article is descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose and methodical in terms of method and field survey in terms of data collection.

Based on this, the question that arises is that the institutional components of the Arba'een Pilgrimage have been able to play an important role in the Shiite geoculture by influencing the consistency and reshaping of the regional order in the framework of the Shiite geoculture.

Institutionalization at three levels of transnational (focusing on cultural pluralism), transnational (focusing on international integration) and national (focusing on the role of government) has led to the consolidation of the Shiite geocultural order at the regional level.

Geopolitical relations are the relations between political units based on the context of geographical web sites.This descriptive-analytical study tries to identify the most important settings and contexts of geopolitical relations between political units at the scale of the Persian Gulf regions. Identifying the contexts and fields of relations between the countries located in the Persian Gulf region is of great importance due to the geopolitical and geo-economic position of this region in the structure of world power. In this research, first the theories and approaches of relations have been studied and their common chapter has been extracted in order to identify the areas affecting the relations of countries and then these components have been implemented in relation to the Persian Gulf. The results of the research show that the most important contexts and fields of geopolitical relations between the countries in the Persian Gulf region are in four dimensions: hydro-political, geopolitical, geo-economics and geo-culture. The most important factors influencing the relations between countries include the geopolitical position of the region, territorial claims of the countries in the region to each other, ideological orientation in the region, bipolar geopolitical structure, conflicting security approaches, water shortages and common border rivers, geopolitical codes Conflict, competition for regional hegemony between Iran and Saudi Arabia, disagreement on some common maritime borders, existence of the Strait of Hormuz, unequal geopolitical weight of the countries in the region, failure to form a comprehensive regional organization, religious and ethnic ties have located among the countries of the region.

Economic reforms and following that, China s peaceful rise was the beginning of the great powers and proponents of liberal values in structure of international order. The consequence of this concern has been some endeavors to try construct of China s threat perception in international system and stop China s rise. This article with confess to China s rising power in international relations and china s threat perception continuous constructing by the West, is seeking to acknowledge of the threat perception sources and how china s use of Confucius institute in its foreign policy as a geoculture attitude. The question that the article trying to answer it, is what are the main important sources of China s threat perception how the china uses of the Confucius institute as a geoculture approach? This article with descriptive- explanative method argues Confucius institute acts as China s Foreign policy instrument to moderate the atmosphere of the constructed threat and reform of the views to intentions and actions of China by introducing history, culture and civilization of china. Findings of this research shows the China s threat perception sources can categorize in three part: geopolitic- military, political- ideological and economic.

The governments of the Middle East Regional Security complex owe much of their legitimacy to religion of Islam. Therefore, they are either claiming the Islamic government or they are trying to show their commitment to Islam in some way. The first case result of this factor will be a common and prominent identity in the solidarity and closeness of these countries. But with a little tolerance, it can be said that often Conflicts and violence in the Middle East - albeit ostensibly - are rooted in religious conflicts, especially religious ones.This paper seeks to examine, in a case study, the distinction between the true and potential status of religious communities in the Middle East and its current status in the context of the geocultural challenge of religions and sects in the path to regional peace and security. The question in this study is how, despite their scope of acceptance, does Islam not have the ability to prevent violence and conflict and, consequently, to establish peace and stability through the enjoyment of shared beliefs among its followers? In this regard, Copenhagen's security-oriented and regionalist approach has been used to better explain the approach.The research hypothesis is that the domination of the centralized state and the weakness and deviations of transnational religious groups have led to the instrumental and corresponding use of the Middle Eastern identity-oriented states of religious and religious identity to gain legitimacy and make others illegitimate.

The world is made up of a collection of great and small civilizations with different cultures. One of the great civilizations is Islamic Context is Shiite civilization. Many analyzes on issues related to the Islamic world is explaining geopolitical issues. Few analyzes, with the help of identity and cultural analysis, have covered Geo Cultural analysis. This has been neglected for a long time for a number of reasons. But today, the return to civilizational, cultural, and identity analysis is an inevitable necessity. The Arbaeen March is a social phenomenon that cannot be explained by Geopolitical analysis, and there is a need to pay attention to the discourse or interdisciplinary perspective to analyze it. The question here is why and how the Arbaeen March affects the formation of Shiite Geo Culture. To answer this question, we first examine the factors that influence the impact of culture on the identity group under study and the reason for the formation of Geo Culture, as research indicators, and using quantitative methods of statistical population. Also, the barriers to the formation of Shiite geoculture and their impact have been investigated and compared between both types of factors to find the answer to the main research question. The present research is applied in terms of purpose, Functional, in terms of method, descriptive-analytical, and in terms of data collection survey.

The Belt and Road Initiative as the biggest and the boldest plan in China’s foreign policy is perceived as a great stride toward China’s self-expression and abandoning the legacy of Deng Xiaoping in keeping a low profile, which would have wide repercussions worldwide. This structural change will be especially felt in regional dimensions, and as the closer the regions are to China, the greater will be the effects upon them. Central Asia is a region that will be affected strongly by this initiative. China inaugurated its vast and ambitious strategy to revive the Silk Road in 2013 during a visit by Xi Jinping to Kazakhstan, which shows the importance of Central Asia as the gateway for China’s modern Silk Road. The nature of Chinese strategy is expansion of connectivity to have new routes for its exports to its main markets especially to Europe. Therefore a historic opportunity is provided for active participation by other states in this great endeavor to expand cultural interaction besides transit of goods. In this regard, Iran as a great nation in Western Asia with shared borders with Central Asia has vested interests in this region. Historically and culturally Iran has many commonalities with Central Asia. So, this question arises that what would be the best and the most efficient approach in regional foreign policy of Iran in Central Asia as a response to Belt and Road Initiative and what are its consequences? To answer this question it is argued that based on constructivism theory and its effects on new regionalism, an approach based on Cultural Iran is regarded as the best policy for Iran which in comparison with other approaches would be more beneficial in realizing the comparative advantage of Iran. Cultural Iran is a concept which differentiates between geographical and cultural domains of Iran. Based on its deep historical and civilizational roots, Iran is regarded as among those few states in the world which have wider cultural spheres than their actual geographical borders. Cultural Iran means those invisible borders that embrace the historical and cultural roots of ancient Persia are still alive and potentially revivable. Therefore, we hypothesize that the best strategy for Iran in the Belt and Road Initiative in Central Asia would be a cultural approach, based on Iran`s soft power. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of three kinds of approaches in Iran’s regional policy in Central Asia, including geopolitics, geo-economics and geo-culture will be provided. At the end, the obstacles of Iran’s geo-culture will be examined. Our assumption on the nature of the Belt and Road Initiative is that it is a multi-dimensional concept with different geopolitical, geo-economical and geo-cultural aspects. The main assumption in the West and especially in the United States is that BRI is a geopolitical strategy by China in challenging the current American and western global order. So, the best response to BRI must be a geological response based on power and show of force. On the other hand, China constantly emphasizes that BRI is exclusively an economic strategy without any geopolitical aspects. China claims that BRI is a helping hand for strengthening globalization, which is being undermined by the U.S. actions. Our assumption in this paper is that BRI is a mutually beneficial strategy for both Iran and China, and Iran is ready and willing to participate in it. However, as Iran has deep historical and civilizational roots in Central Asia which can be used as a soft power, it will be better positioned in BRI by trying to revive these ancient roots. In conclusion, we argue that Iran’s foreign policy has different expressions in different regions and sub-regions. Iran has mainly a geopolitical approach in the Middle East which is of course based on the nature of developments in this region. In South Asia, the Iranian foreign policy is most geo-economic, which is the main reason in Iran’s balanced relations with both India and Pakistan. Iran’s main strategy in this region is North-South Transportation Corridor, by the participation of India, Russia and Iran and the possibility for inclusion of Pakistan and China. At the end, it is argued that Iran’s strategy and approach in Central Asia should be mainly a geo-cultural one. This approach is proposed because Iran is not willing and able to challenge the traditional geopolitical influence of Russia in Central Asia and is not willing and able either to challenge the geo-economic influence of China in the region. However, by focusing on the Iranian historical and civilizational roots in the region, there will be no challenge for Russia and China but great benefits will be provided by this approach for the nations in the sphere of Cultural Iran. However, there are some challenges for Iran in realizing this geo-cultural approach. One of the main obstacles is the religious one, as Iran is a Shiite country and the Central Asian states are mostly Sunnis. Also, the Central Asian countries are secular states with a cautious foreign policy in relations to Iran. Although Iran has had a pragmatic approach in relation with the countries in the region and has been a great helping hand for them in difficult times, the image framed by the West regarding Iran, has been quite negative.

Turkey is one of the important players in the regional environment of the South Caucasus. Turkey, with the approach and effectiveness of two elements, geopolitics and geoculture, is trying to play an important role and define its national and regional interests. With the rise of the AKP, Turkey's foreign policy changed to realism and multidimensionality, which has increased its prestige and influence in the Caucasus region. In the South Caucasus, these two elements, along with the economy and fine investment, have doubled Turkey's influence in the South Caucasus. Turkey's strategy in this region is to infiltrate and achieve its political, security and cultural goals. In this regard, this study seeks to answer the main question: "What effect do the geopolitical and geocultural components of Turkey have on the political, security and cultural goals in the South Caucasus?" Has used books, articles and documents. The research findings indicate that Turkey is mediated by two geopolitical elements

Multiparty space and multilateralism, the entry of regional and global powers into the power or discourse coalition game, and their attempt to rebuild and gain a greater share in the future international order, suggests that the world in this historical twist is pregnant with fluid orderly formation and It is witnessing changes in the transition from the Westphalian international system to the post-Westphalian era. With the decline of world powers and the hegemony of the West, and especially of the United States in recent years and the rise of regional powers on the other hand, changes in international power relations have emerged and multilateralism is emerging and signs of emergence. The new multi-faceted system versus the one-sided system of domination is now prominent. Located in the Southwest of Asia, the Islamic world is a civilization that enjoys tremendous geostrategic, ecocultural, geopolitical and geo-economics capacities that can put it in a good position in international equations and relations and enhance its status Give. Therefore, it has been attempted to examine the various capacities of the Islamic world and the research sought to answer the question of what sources of power the Islamic world possesses that can influence the promotion and development of its power and give rise to the colorful role of the Islamic world in equations Become global.
The Islamic world has the qualities and capacities that have promoted it as an influential force in the global system and the shaping of international equations. Some scholars believe that the world after the collapse of the bipolar system based on powerful political units has given way to civilizational units and that civilizations or cultures have become major players in international politics. On this basis, it can be concluded that Islamic civilization has a special place in the modern world system. To this end, an examination of the capacities of the Muslim world will reveal its position in the international system.

Islamic civilization is a religious civilization with many of its components centered on the religion of Islam. Because of this rich extension, it is both time-bound and meaningful, on the one hand, because its beginnings are almost certain, and on the other, it has a great deal of conceptual and subject matter that encompasses all the intricacies, subtleties, and universalities of the Islamic religion as It has a divine religion. The transition from state-based geopolitics to civilization-based geoculture in the 21st century is increasingly reflecting the reality of international relations in today's world. Traditional geopolitical theories such as Hartland and Remeland can be traced back to today's geoculture in an evolutionary direction, extending along a geopolitical geopolitical trajectory from MacIntyre to Huntington and Brzezinski. Geopolitical theory and maritime power have been used to better explain the capabilities of the Muslim world and to describe its geographical location. It is noteworthy that the Islamic world is overshadowed by such capacities that can enhance Islamic civilization within the dominant international. system.Extensive studies have been conducted in the various fields of the Islamic world, and institutions have sporadically studied and researched some of the issues of the Islamic world. But the Institute for the Future of the Islamic World, in particular, has studied numerous issues in the Islamic world with the aim of creating unity and convergence between the countries concerned.

The research sought to answer the question of what sources of power the Islamic world possesses that can influence its promotion and development and give rise to the colorful role of the Islamic world in global equations. When defining the concepts used, the data was collected mainly through the library and database method.

The adult Islamic world covers one fifth of the land area, establishing the link between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, and the presence of Albania in the Adriatic Sea Port, as well as the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, the only access to free and warm waters. And Bangladesh at the head of the Bay of Bengal, as well as the position of the Maldives and Lacdio Islands in the Indian Ocean, which has made them a natural observation of much of the ocean, could all be reasons for the strategic importance of Islamic countries. If the Islamic countries understand their geographical location in the world, they will be able to foster convergence and solidarity among the Islamic world by adhering to the geo-strategic and geo-economics factor and setting the stage for becoming an effective global power.In the whole of the Islamic world, in addition to the geopolitical power and strategic regional depth of Iran, the economies of Malaysia, Indonesia and Turkey are good backers for empowering the Muslim world. Inter-civilization structures such as the Arab League, the Gulf Cooperation Council, Echo, the Organization of Islamic Unity plus Pakistan's nuclear and military capabilities in the civilian dimension, the role of the Hajj and Saudi oil, the regional soft power of Egypt, and a vast array of world scientists and capital Many Islamic countries, especially oil clubs in the Western world, are also among the components of the power of this complex. Different poles around the world, in terms of different abilities, are aligned and have a more or less close influence in organizing the international system. One of the poles that has a role in the future international system is the Islamic world civilization complex, which, based on the cultural, economic, strategic and geopolitical capabilities of the member states, has the capacity to acquire an independent polarity in the future system.

Geoculture is one of the basic fields of geopolitics that studies culture and politics interface. Cultural geography of a region, considering time and place, makes a specific geoculture. Cultural features such as religious, linguistic and ethnic identity can play an important role in this area. Religion is one of the main elements of cultural identity that has proved its impact on culture in different situations. Salafism as a religious- political doctrine in Islam tries to form its special geoculture relative to its goals so it influences internal and external geoculture of the countries of the region. Iran as a Shiite country and opposed to extremist Salafism, is not an exception in this regard. Because not only Iran has an Islamic identity, it is influenced by Sunni regions inside the country which is affects its internal geoculture and causes insecurity. This article shows that Salafism in Iranian internal geopolicy has formed new players that has caused religious sectarianism and ethnic challenges in Sunni provinces. These events are threatening national security. The new players try to cooperate with Iran`s regional and extra-regional rivals.

Regional networks, based on their characteristics, provide different conditions for formation and growth of anti-systemic groups. Regional orders, based on sustainability, robustness, security, stability and dynamic, are differentiated; therefore they will be confronted with different security dilemmas. Today, Islamic World, as a regional network, is confronted with multitudinous of such groups. Therefore the causes of formation and growth of these groups within regional order, of Islamic World, is the axis of this article. Anti-systemic groups are multidimensional and as a social, political and cultural phenomenon. On this base authors argue that world of Islam has a central position in global order and because of this intrusive power is very sensitive to control of it’s order and this power by use of incoherent structure of this network has formed anti-systemic groups as strategic instruments of control system of regional order. Meanwhile resistant groups have been formed at regional-social level against regional policies of intrusive power. , there are numerous types of these groups such as instrumental and resistant or defensive-offensive that play in Islamic regional network. Some of these groups play an instrumental role of regional intrusive powers, and some of them are resistance groups. Some of these groups help to fulfill the control functions of intrusive power. In this Article by using the case study method with priority of theory, investigate the hypothesis.in this respect first step theoretical model will be designed and then the regional network of Islam as a case will survey.

The importance of investigating relations of convergence of Iran and Pakistan is due to the fact that during several recent decades (especially, after Islamic revolution of Iran), they could not make acceptable relations as what is deserved because of some problems – mostly ideological ones - between two friend and neighbor countries. This fact results in the general opinion that the nature of relations of Iran and Pakistan is critical, unreliable, and divergent. On this basis, this research attempts to answer the question of how Iran and Pakistan can experience convergent relations. The research hypothesis is that, despite the current tensions between the two countries, which are mostly unwanted, there are opportunities for convergence and desired relations between the two countries. Historically, both countries have many cultural (geocultural), geopolitical, and geographical relations. This can lead to achieving more desired relations in other fields so that two countries can be able to promote mutual relations with better and more serious participation in regional groupings such as political-economical treaty of Shanghai, economical treaty of ECO, Islamic Countries Organization, and the group called D-8 with dual nature of geopolitics–geoeconomics relations. In addition, the exports and imports of nonenergic (non–oil goods) and energic sources (gas sources and other fossil sources) can be part of Geo-economic relations between Iran and Pakistan. This research is a descriptive-analitical study. The research data has been gathered in documentary method referring to valid sources such as books, published papers, and valid reports.

Characteristics and cultural characteristics affecting relations between ethnic and religious groups, the ability to establish rapport and communicate effectively in a country and the region, have a significant role. Various regions in the world, according to the geographical conditions, has a different structure from the perspective of cultural geography (Geoculture) to-be. In the area geopolitical conflict in the Persian Gulf countries geography - its cultural. this region in the era of globalization and socio-economic discourse in the third millennium of the world is, Still interact with encapsulation, influenced by traditional beliefs, ethnic, religious and cultural govern the relationship between themselves, are the. In the area of human challenges such as population growth and migration, religious differences, ethnicity, thinking that the topics discussed in this article are the traditional authoritarianism, lack of understanding and interaction play an important role in creating and The main factor among countries. The results show that the factors mentioned by the strong infrastructure (manpower and Mineral Resources) for development, continued strong role in creating a challenging and comprehensive relationship in the Persian Gulf countries.

Developments in the international system and its boundaries and the increasing intensity of communications within it have led to the ineffectiveness of classic approaches to diplomacy. Hence, the discipline of diplomatic studies needs new approaches such as the network theory. In this paper, the authors try to investigate the impact of Iran’s overlapping network on its regional diplomacy, using the analytical model of overlapping network. They believe that Iran's overlapping network and its structural and internal features have affected its regional bargaining power as well as the logical and physical model of its diplomacy. Also, the environment of the overlapping network has provided Iran’s diplomacy with opportunities and restrictions in achieving national interest and goals. From this perspective, smart network diplomacy is one of the most important and conventional diplomatic systems in the new international system.