جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "tudeh party" در نشریات گروه "علوم سیاسی"

The Tudeh Party is one of the most powerful and persistent political parties in the contemporary history of Iran, which was founded after September 1941 when the political space of Iran was opened, and continued its activities for several decades. However, the Tudeh Party experienced many ups and downs in its political life. According to a classification by Ehsan Tabari; member of the Central Committee of the Tudeh Party, this party went through its golden age between 1941 and 1947, and from 1947 to 1953 it entered a period of decline and failure. In this study, the relationship between the institutionalization and the performance of the Tudeh Party in these two sections is examined. To this end, the Huntington's institutionalization indexes of political organization were applied on the Tudeh Party. The results of this study shows that Huntington's institutionalization indexes are directly related to the performance of the Tudeh Party, and the party faces multiple failures when its institutionalization indexes decreases.

The occurrence of the Russian Revolution of 1917 influenced the growth of political groups with leftist tendencies, and had an impact  on a small segment of Iranian women in the society. In the framework of Marxist school, the inferior position of women in the contemporary societies is attributed to the unfair historical process of the formation of exploitation and exploitative relationships. Since Marx and Engels considered politics and political power to be dependent on the economic infrastructure, they naturally considered the reason for women's lack of political participation to be her economic dependency as well as her being oppressed and exploited in the family and society at large. Although they did not pay sufficient attention to the issue of women's political participation, other Marxist leading figures such as Rosa Luxemburg, Clara Zetkin, and Lenin defended the equal rights of men and women in a way which led to the formation of the schools of Marxist and socialist feminism. These thinkers believed that the most important step for women's liberation is the abolition of private property and the elimination of exploitative classes, because the way for their liberation would be paved by these actions first and foremost. Based on this belief, Marxism presented a materialistic analysis and a scientific perspective for women's freedom, which was considered to be the responsibility of governments and Marxist parties all over the world, including the Tudeh Party of Iran and its affiliated Women's Democratic Organization (WDO).Before the formation of Tudeh Party (the so-called the Party of the Iranian Masses), it was only the Communist Party of Iran that defended the political and social rights of women within the framework of its ideology. Accordingly, this party took measures to promote socialist tendency among women's  rights  activists  and their  organizations  by  presenting  plans  and programs to transform the living conditions of Iranian women, which were temporarily interrupted as a result of the establishment of Reza Shah's dictatorship. Despite some achievements in social and legal fields aimed at extending modern western-style social rights to women in Iran, Reza Shah’s regime created obstacles for their political rights and prevented them from engaging in non-governmental political activities. The changed Post-September 1941 political environment resulted from the vacuum created by the ending of the first Pahlavi Shah’s rule followed by the coming into power of his inexperience young heir as well as the continued intervention of the great powers in Iranian internal affairs facilitated the formation of new political organizations with different political, religious, ethnic outlook. Some groups and organization had communist and socialist inclinations and programs. Among these organizations was the Women's Democratic Organization — affiliated with the communist Tudeh party of Iran— and created at the same time as other similar organizations with the objective of defending women's rights.The Two questions posed in this study are as follows: 1. What were the main objectives of the Women's Democratic Organization (WDO) affiliated with the communist Tudeh Party of Iran? and 2. How successful was this organization in achieving its objectives? In the hypothesis, it is postulated that the formation of women's democratic organization was largely influenced by Tudeh party's attempt to penetrate the social structure of Iran and using the capacities of women's society in order to achieve its political goals. Therefore, by addressing political issues instead of general women's issues and problems, and especially neglecting and confronting the religious and customary traditions of the society, women's organization were prevented from achieving a sustainable success. Focusing on a descriptive-analytical approach, the authors analyze qualitative data on  the characteristics and function of this organization collected from historical documents, memoirs, books, and articles written by the WDO’s founders, supporters, critics, and various experts. The findings of the research, while clarifying the political participation of a notable segment of the society of Iranian women in the given period of time, indicate that the ideological leftist line of the Tudeh party was adopted by the Women's Democratic Organization, and consequently provoked the opposition of the traditional and religious groups in the society. Moreover, the establishment of authoritarianism in the country lead to the failure of   this organization to achieve its ultimate objectives.

After the fall of Reza Shah in September 1941 and the creation of an open political space, many parties were formed in Iran. One of these parties was the Tudeh Party, which was formed in October 1941. It started its work in Iran with fascism, but the party tried to seize power in Iran by forming a military organization and infiltrating the army with the help of Soviet military forces stationed in Iran and the unrest and chaos in the country and at the discretion of the Soviets.The question of the present researcher is what was the role of the military organization of the Tudeh Party in the Democratic Party of Azerbaijan and what was its relationship with the Soviets and what was the purpose of this relationship?The hypothesis of the present study is that the military organization of the Tudeh Party, following the Soviet policies in Iran, tried to implement the Soviet policies in Iran with measures such as the uprising of the Democratic Party of Azerbaijan.

The Democratic Party of Iran (Qavam) was one of the parties formed after the fall of Reza Shah's government in Iran. The party was founded by the then Prime Minister of Iran, Ahmad Ghavam. The Democratic Party initially expanded greatly with the support of Qawam, but later, the fortune star of the party declined, and finally with the removal of Qavam from the post of Minister, the Democratic Party was dissolved. This study seeks to answer the question of whether the Democratic Party of Iran had the characteristics of an institutionalized party? This study examines the institutional characteristics of the Democratic Party of Iran using Huntington's theories on institutionalization. This study also tries to study the causes of party inefficiency in the contemporary history of Iran by studying the Democratic Party. The research findings show that according to Huntington's characteristics, the Democratic Party lacked institutional features, and mainly due to the instability of parties in Iran, one can cite the lack of institutionalization of these organizations. The method used in this research is descriptive-analytical. Resources used in the research include library works, scientific journals and documents of prestigious contemporary history research centers.

The current research is in search of understanding the concept of revolution by emphasizing the ideas of Iranian Marxists in the 40s and 50s and the emergence of the Islamic Revolution. The aim of the research is to investigate the concept of revolution in the thought of Iranian Marxists. research question; Based on which theoretical foundations did Iranian Marxists try to understand the concept of revolution? The hypothesis of the current research is that the Iranian Marxist forces have struggled to understand the concept of revolution based on the knowledge system derived from Marxist ideas. The results of the current research, which was carried out with a descriptive-analytical approach and by reading first-hand sources, come to the conclusion that from the perspective of the flow of Iranian Marxists who borrowed their ideas from other Western thinkers, the concept of revolution means transforming the political order and establishing the order. New is understood. They thought exactly in the theoretical framework and thought system of Marxist thinkers and sought to implement the same point of view for change and developments in Iran. From the point of view of Iranian Marxists, the concept of revolution depends on the ideas of Heraclitus, Marx and Lenin, the understanding that is summarized in the macro-narrative of matter and all that transformative force that causes the ruling order to undergo fundamental changes in the system of knowledge of Iranian Marxists, to matter ends

The Tudeh Party of Iran was one of the most prominent representatives of Marxism in Iran. The Tudeh Party was formed in October 1931, in close consultation with the Soviet embassy, by 27 members of the 53-member group. Many factors, including cohesive organization, obedient hierarchy, and the constant injection of party knowledge into members and cadres, powerful press arms, the leadership of labor movements, influence among the educated, and attractive slogans appropriate to the status quo, make the party successful to influence the political and social atmosphere of Iran. The main supporters of the Tudeh Party were the salaried middle class as well as the urban working class. Although the party wielded considerable influence over all members of the middle class, its influence was very evident among engineers, university professors and students, intellectuals, especially writers, newly educated women, as well as army officers. Given the influence that the Tudeh Party was able to find among the various social strata of Iran at the beginning of its formation, this study seeks to answer the question of what role social capital has played in the formation, expansion and decline of the Tudeh Party

According to his stories, articles and political behavior, Jalal Al-Ahmad has always been involved with Iranian issues and along with his constant concern for Iranian culture, politics, economy and society, he has had "Iranian pain" and concerns about the current and future situation of Iranians. Al-Ahmad had a turbulent life and an evolving and evolving thought that has been reflected in his various works and can be examined with a historical look at the course of his life and works. Born in a religious environment, he grew up in a religious environment and in his youth he left religion and joined the Tudeh Marxist Party. He later turned to socialism and later became a member of the Third Force Party, which had an eye on Dr. Mossadegh's national current. But after the coup d'etat of August 19, 1943, he sank into himself and sought his lost, until finally, with the publication of works such as "Westernization", "Khesi Dar Miqat" and "In the service and betrayal of intellectuals" and his joining the idea of ​​the whole of Islam And defending the blood of the martyrs on June 6, 1963, showed that he found the way to salvation and broke away from maximism and socialism forever. Al-Ahmad defended Islam against the Shah's Westernization until his death. Although his return to Islam was more political than religious, he found the roots of Iranian culture and unity in Islam.

Political parties are on the one hand political power and on the other are rooted in human societies and civil society activities, and in both respects, political parties have reasons for continuity or continuity. The left as the largest and most persistent political party in contemporary Iranian history is no exception. This research attempts to compare the origins and causes of the continuation of the Left parties in the period 1332 to 1362, and to do so through the examination of their parties' intra-party documents. The main question of this research is what are the main reasons for the continuation of the left parties from 1332 to 1362 from the perspective of political sociology? Therefore, this research seeks to test the main hypothesis based on the documentary method. The hypothesis of this study suggests that the social base of left-wing leaders, corruption of the court, the fight against imperialism and the support of the Soviet Union within the framework of a rigid bipolar system as the main causes and causes of the continuation of leftist parties in Iran during the period It counts.

After the coup d'état of 1332, and the closure of the political space and the limitation of the activities of the student movement in Iran, relative freedom of the early 1340s provided an opportunity to rebuild and re-engage in the student movement in Iran. At this time, the student movement was moving toward radicalization due to the political repression of the 1330s, the frustration of the methods of reforming and ruling the guerrilla struggles in some Third World countries. Some political parties and political groups such as the National Front, the Tudeh Party, traditional clerics and religious intellectuals have tried to define legitimate, planned and resistance identities and encourage students to accept the effectiveness of reform efforts. The issue that the students in response to legitimate, planned and resistance identities of the National Front, the Tudeh Party, traditional clerics and religious intellectuals reacted to in the 1940s is what the paper is seeking to investigate. The authors of this article, using the Castells' theoretical framework, found that the non-conformance of legitimate, planned, and resilient identities with the expectations of students caused rejection or presentation of different interpretations by them. The method used in the comparative text is.

Tudeh party of Iran which continues the communist party and the left discourse after the constitution and in line with the Soviet Socialist Revolution of 1917 it was formed, founded after the fall of Reza Shah. This party, classified in the parties, placed in the left-wing spectrum knew himself depended to Marxist thoughts which is in all political events among them: The north petroleum points, the Azerbaijan republic, the nationalization of the oil industry and ... took the side of the Soviet Union and promoted the thought of Marxism-Leninism as an ideology and its political doctrine. After the August 28, 1332 coup this party was completely suppressed by the Pahlavi regime and had to emigrate from the country. The Tudeh party was looking for an Iranian Marxism with the start of the Islamic revolution, return to Iran and with the support of the Imam's line and the schools, to confirm all the positions of the Islamic republic, but in 1362 by creating secret and spy agency and revealing the secrets of the system to the Soviet Union finally dissolved announced by the Islamic republic. The purpose of this research is Check Tudeh party's positions in relation to the Islamic revolution of Iran, in this research while analyzing the positions of the Tudeh party towards the Islamic revolution we seek to explain this hypothesis basically in a society tied to its roots and culture with the religion of Islam and formed an independent and popular revolutionary in it Marxist ideas cannot have a place in it even if that ideology wants to reconcile itself with the ruling system.

Intellectual orientation in Iran during 1330s AH, like other parts of the world, was a kind of struggle with American Capitalism. Intellectual part of leftist movement in 1330s AH was influenced by global struggles in one way or another. However, factional movement had an eye to the over the borders and received its orders and pamphlets directly from Moscow. In 1350s AH, the "Tudeh Party" and Marxist movements attempted to create an eclectic version of Marxism mixed with Islam. They mobilized themselves in cabal houses and committed revolutionary assassinations and events such as what happened in Siahkal. However, the crisis of Esfand 14th and Banisadr's escape from Iran and developments regarding their disqualification in elections moved leftist groups to the streets. This article is aimed at studying developments of these groups as well as their similarity and differences in their intellectual orientation and behavior during these two decades.