جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Threat » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

With the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the establishment of the political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, this system has been exposed to all kinds of economic, political- security and military threats from regional and extra-regional enemies. On the other hand, social capital is a fundamental concept in social studies and political science, and it is one of the needs of every government to manage society and fulfill people's wishes and interests in a broad way and in the shortest time; therefore, this concern and question is formed in the mind that "What is the strategic model of the management of political security threats of the Islamic Republic of Iran with an emphasis on social capital?". In order to obtain a suitable answer, the research collected and studied the opinions and thoughts of the imams of the revolution, documents and theoretical foundations related to the above topic and obtained the expert opinions of elites through in-depth interviews with 30 experts in the field of this research and while analyzing the findings using the grounded theory method, has extracted the effective factors in the "management of security-political threats of the Islamic Republic of Iran with an emphasis on social capital" in order to develop a strategic model. The results showed that in the management of political-security threats, there are three major parts of the framework and guidelines for threat management (doctrine, policies and goals), significant political and security threats for the management and function of social capitals in the management of threats (from cognitive dimension, communication dimension and structural dimension) is used to deal with the political-security threats of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Finally, while drawing and presenting the "strategic model of political-security threats management in the Islamic Republic of Iran", practical suggestions for maintaining and promoting social capitals have been proposed.

The leadership of the future world belongs to the country that has the best analysis of global changes. Such a country can lead others in the international system. This descriptive-analytical research aims to present a theory entitled “national power and structure analogy, algorithm of threats and resilience of the Islamic Republic of Iran`s national power” based on research background in power theories literature and interviews with experts. This theory determines the impact of threats on the national power elements using the matrix analysis of structures method. It also describes the enemy`s method of finding and attacking the vulnerable points of the national power structure. The theory was developed in four steps: 1) the algorithm for ranking the importance of elements and dimensions of power in the structure of national power, 2) the algorithm for the method of searching and destroying the elements of national power, 3) the algorithm for calculating resilience and reliability coefficient of national power elements 4) the algorithm for predicting threats and presenting the strategy of decision making in conflicts between two or more countries. The proposed theory gives decision-makers a comprehensive view to analyze the effects of the enemy’s actions and to choose the best strategy in a possible war.

Given the fact that the regime of the Iran, after its formation, has always faced various threats from the arrogant regime, strategic logic dictates that in addition to recognizing the current threats, we must recognize new security threats that have the capacity to challenge security. They will have it in the future as well. Obviously, the political arena is one of the most important areas in which the potential for the emergence of these threats is very high. The issue of this research is that no scientific, methodical and organized research has been done yet on what kind of political security threats the new future of the Islamic Revolution of Iran is in the political field and what their manifestations are.In line with the above-mentioned issue, the authors raised the question that the new political security threats of the Iran Who are Iran on the horizon of 1404? Based on the research literature and interviews, new political security threats were identified. In order to validate the findings, a researcher-made questionnaire was prepared and distributed among national and military experts.The research findings show that the new political security threats of the country include "transformation of the Islamic, value and revolutionary nature of the political system, separation of people from the system, influence, disabling of sovereignty / three forces in policy-making and leadership, overthrow, convention, convention." "Information, hostility, flawed divisions of the country and dirty election money and separatist movements”.

The use of gas energy covers a very wide range of industrial, power plant, commercial and domestic uses, and this wide range of interconnected activities that take place at different stages of production, transmission and distribution in the field of the gas network faces various risks. The supply chain of the gas industry has three basic parts: production, transmission and distribution, and each of these three parts has its own challenges. One of the most important challenges in the supply chain management of the gas industry is the issue of resilience and continuity of gas production, transmission and distribution, and this issue is of vital importance for the country.
Resilience and continuity in each of the three sectors play a strategic and essential role in the country's stability. In addition to identifying the effective factors on improving the resilience and continuity of production, transmission and distribution of the gas network, the present research has focused on prioritizing the strengths and opportunities that are effective on the research. This research is practical in terms of purpose, qualitative and quantitative in terms of the type of data, and case-specific in terms of implementation. The statistical population includes 50 people with special characteristics for the distribution of the questionnaire and the expert community consists of 12 experts. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the reliability of the tool. At first, 48 strength and opportunity factors were carefully examined. Then, by combining and reducing as well as prioritizing the factors, 40 strength and opportunity factors were prioritized using the Friedman test, and finally suggestions were presented in line with the research topic.

By going through the process of the past wars, we realize the fact that over time there have been drastic changes in the way of wars and we are witnessing the complexity and intelligence of wars. Different. It has been that by using the simultaneous and coordinated combination of people, national and supranational power in order to increase in the society with the aim of its sensitivities is trying to overthrow the government. For this reason, vigilance in front of the enemies is one of the system's duties. Therefore, the main purpose of the article is to answer the question, "What are the important components and indicators of the hybrid war against the Islamic Republic of Iran?" is the face A library of hope with the tools of determining these two methods and also by using the design of two questionnaires, which firstly specified the components and indicators of hybrid warfare in a general way, and then the important components and indicators used by the United States against the Islamic Republic of Iran from the second questionnaire. it's been chosen. In the next step, using the hierarchical analysis method, which is one of the most widely used research methods in operations, the importance of each of these indicators and components was obtained based on the opinions of experts and the target community. The findings and results of the research are to state that 10 components and 42 indicators have been selected as the most important components and indicators of hybrid warfare using Azromware as a pairwise comparison. The results obtained from this research are presented for the use of officials in order to target the enemy's hybrid warfare

One of the most significant, uncommon, and enduring alliances in Middle Eastern politics and security over the last few decades has been that between Iran and Syria. This alliance, which was formed at the beginning of the 1980s and was one of the external effects of the Islamic Revolution's victory, was brought about by changes to other regional alliances and alignments. Despite numerous analyses, it did not collapse quickly; rather, it was strengthened and extended, not only to Syria and Iran but also to Lebanon, Palestine, and other areas of the region, ultimately leading to the formation of the Resistance Axis. This paper aims to address this question: What factors and components influenced the formation and strengthening of the Iranian-Syrian alliance in the 1980s? The paper's hypothesis is that the material and semantic contexts that created the model of friendship and cooperation, as well as close security interaction between Iran and Syria, formed and strengthened their alliance in the 1980s, countering common threats and securing common interests. Examining the issue with the use of regional security complex theory, the analytical-descriptive method, and library and internet sources shows that the most important security considerations (physical and semantic) and the components that shaped and strengthened the alliance between Iran and Syria have consisted of: the existence of common identity, ideological and strategic platforms and fields, and common interests and threats resulting from it at the regional level. As for the regional security complex theory, the analytical-descriptive method, and library and internet sources indicates that the most important security considerations (physical and semantic) and the components that shaped and strengthened the alliance between Iran and Syria have consisted of: the existence of common identity, ideological and strategic platforms and fields, and common interests and threats resulting from it at the regional level, Common perception of the Zionist regime's threat in the region, the existence of revisionist ideologies, and ideological commonalities in opposition to America and conflict with the Zionist regime, Iran and Syria's confrontation with security threat from Iraq and confronting its supremacy, Syria's support of Iran during Iraq's war, the role of ideological religious communities, the efforts of the two countries of Iran and Syria to gain religious legitimacy at the external levels, and to secure the interests of Iran and Syria in the form of unity in the Arab world.

Every country faces security challenges and crises according to its geographical and geopolitical position. Since Islamic Republic of Iran has the strategic depth of the resistance front and on the other hand due to its specific geopolitical and geostrategic situation, it has many threats, dealing with threats is one of the most important goals that every country seeks. Security and threat are two intertwined words, so that one cannot talk about threat but ignore security. The main purpose of this article is to identify and prioritize the threats against Iran at three levels, domestic, regional and global, with domestic, regional and global effects. This applied research was done in a descriptive and explanatory method with a mixed approach. The sample size was 75 people and the collection tool was a questionnaire and documents, which were analyzed using SPSS software. According to the analysis carried out, internal threats have the greatest effect on creating insecurity. After that, the domino effect of threats, such as the effect of economic sanctions on labor unrest and demands, according to the results of the research, 41 types of threats have been obtained, of which 17 are internal threats, 13 are regional threats, and 11 are global threats in a domino effect. and has a license in the security environment of Islamic Republic of Iran. Multi-field and combined disturbances are the most dangerous type of internal threat. The Ibrahim Peace Treaty and the transformation of the three-pole regional system into two poles against Iran is the most dangerous regional threat, and America's multifaceted threats against Iran are the most dangerous global threat.

Security developments and campaigns in the South Caucasus have a direct impact on Iran’s national security. Considering the diversity and multiplicity of threats that can be formed by the South Caucasus against the country’s national security, the main question is what are the strategies and solutions to deal with the threats of the South Caucasus against Iran? The type of applied research and its method is descriptive-survey and quantitative. The statistical population is 49 people. The method of collecting information is field and library. According to the findings of the research, the internal environment of Iran has 7 strengths and 4 weaknesses and the external environment has 6 opportunities and 7 threats compared to South Caucasus countries. The general result indicates that the threats of the South Caucasus against the Islamic Republic of Iran are, in order of priority, security-military, economic, cultural-social, environmental and political. According to the environmental factors, the strategy of Islamic Republic of Iran to deal with the threats of the Caucasus is in a competitive position. According to the environmental factors and the type of threat, 5 strategies and 32 solutions have been presented to deal with the threats of the South Caucasus against the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Establishing security for reference (valuable) objectives and key assets requires identifying the risks that threaten them. By identifying these risks, a security plan can be prepared according to the realities of the scene, and by implementing the mentioned plans, the available capacity (force, equipment and technical tools) can be used to the maximum. The present research in terms of purpose; practical and in terms of method and nature; It is descriptive-survey of correlation type. Considering that the topic is related to threats and vulnerabilities, so, knowledgeable, expert and experienced people should be used in the sample population studied. Therefore, the sampling method of this research has been selected as a full number and purposeful, and all 80 people of the statistical population were selected to answer the questions of the questionnaire, of which 44 items of the questionnaire were obtained in full. The research model provides a framework for estimating threats and vulnerabilities, plans for dealing with threats and eliminating vulnerabilities, and evaluating actions taken to deal with threats and eliminating vulnerabilities. According to the results of the one-sample t-test, the existence of independent and dependent. variables of the research (security threats, subversion, social-cultural, general-economic threats, as well as protection, security, social-cultural and general vulnerabilities-economic) was strongly proved in the studied society. The P-value obtained between these variables also shows this. Also, according to the result of the structural equation technique, that is, the factor loading is more than 0.3 and the positive T-statistic is more than 1.96, the effect of the variables on each other was also confirmed.

The purpose of this research is to explain the impact of foreign nationals’ marginalization on the security of the southeast of Tehran. This research is of the applied research type and was conducted in order to investigate the threats, damages and opportunities of the presence of foreign nationals in the southeast outskirts of Tehran. To conduct the research, the correlation research method and the field data collection method and the questionnaire tool were used. The statistical population of the research included managers, experts of security centers, military and IRGC intelligence community, and according to Cochran’s formula, the sample size of the research was estimated to be 100 people from among 135 people out of the total statistical population. To select the statistical sample, the snowball sampling method has been used in a targeted manner. The results of the findings show that the marginalization of foreign nationals in the periphery of the southeast of Tehran has significantly affected the security of the capital and its security has faced a serious challenge, and any anti-security measures by the foreign nationals located in the southeast of Tehran against the capital is envisioned. In this regard, the threats, opportunities and vulnerabilities of foreign nationals living on the suburbs of the capital have been assessed in 5 general dimensions including: intellience-security, environmental, economic, political and social. In this article, looking for the answer to the question “How does the marginalization of foreign nationals affect the security of the southeast of Tehran?” It is possible that by counting

Despite the passage of more than four decades since the Iraq-Iran war, due to the effects that this war has had on geopolitics and regional order, and specifically on Iran's political-security approach and regional policy and its influence in the West Asian region, it is worthy of paying attention. Therefore, the question that arises is that how did the Iran-Iraq war affect the relations between Iran and Syria and the expansion of the regional influence of the Islamic Republic of Iran? Investigating the issue using the defensive neorealism approach, descriptive-analytical method and using library and documentary sources shows that this war made Iran's strategic loneliness and its unwanted isolation and lack of an ally in the region more obvious and the strategic proximity of Iran and Syria and The expansion of the scope of security cooperation between the two countries from Iraq to Lebanon and Palestine led to confrontation with the Zionist regime and it caused attention to regional influence and strategic deepening and countering security threats with the help of non-governmental allies in Iran's regional political-security approach. This ultimately led to an increase in political-ideological influence and strategic depth and regional deterrence power of Iran in West Asia.

The understanding of national security in the minds of the rulers of the Islamic Republic plays a central role in the decision-making and correct behavior of policy makers and security officials, it will reduce and neutralize threats to the country.Therefore, the answer to what is the meaning of national security inthe thought of the Supreme Leader as the main question and what are the constituent elements in this concept and what are the priorities of the conceptual components of national security in the thought of the Supreme Leader Sub-questions of the research The approach of the research is descriptive and analytical, and its method is qualitative and content analysis, and data collection is also done through documents using a survey tool.All 234available documents were counted as a statistical population and were studied and content analyzed, the results indicate that many components are influential in the definition of national security. which should be paid attention to and also the most important and most priority components of the concept of national security in the thought of the Supreme Leader national interests, national unity have the highest importance and have been assigned the most frequency. Therefore, a clear understanding of the concept of national security in Islamic thought can strengthen thenative discourse of national security and help the country's governing officials and those in charge of establishing national security in recognizing their duties and responsibilities and effectively solving security issues in order to achieve a desirable level of sustainable national security.

Issue:

 Considering that the Islamic Republic is considered a religious democratic system and all the senior officials of the system are elected through direct or indirect vote of the people, therefore elections are of special importance in it. For this reason, from the beginning of the Islamic Revolution So far, 40 elections have been held, and people's participation has stabilized security, and participation in elections in the past fourteen decades has been influential in the continuation of the Islamic revolution.

Necessity and importance: 

health and security in elections are very important and important, he added that the existence of these two components is essential for "sovereignty" and a safe and healthy environment for holding elections should be provided with the help of executive and security agents.

The main question:

 How does the relationship between elections and the national security of the Islamic Republic affect the authority and continuity of the Islamic Revolution? Findings From the processing of the hypothesis that was formulated in response to the mentioned question and analyzed based on the SWAT strategic model, it indicates that the Islamic Republic has outstanding strengths and limited weaknesses in the domestic environment due to holding elections. Elections are based on the strength-opportunity strategy. transforms and strengthens the national security and continuity of the Islamic Republic. The hypothesis of this article is processed with a descriptive-analytical method.

The Islamic Republic of Iran, due to its geopolitical position in the West Asian region and adopting a policy of confrontation with hegemonic powers to maintain the independence and security of the country, has always been at the forefront of aggressive actions of these countries and has decreased in importance over the past decade. Geopolitics of the country In order to eliminate the superior advantages, it is on the agenda of the enemy front, which must be examined in order to make political-security policy-making and to avoid strategic surprises. In this research, the authors, using the theory of geopolitical crisis, have addressed the question: What effect do geopolitical developments in Iran's security environment have on the country's position in the region and beyond in the horizon of 2025? By examining the eight geopolitical factors that cause tension (political, geostrategic, geoeconomic, geocultural, hydropolitical, bio-environmental, virtual space and territory), 21 geopolitical areas in Iran's security environment have been identified and it has been shown that the rival powers seek by implementing policies such as fueling the hostility of Iran and the Arabs in the region, changing energy transmission lines from Iran's path, eliminating or reducing the importance of Iran in the world's energy supply, weakening the culture and the resistance front, the emergence of border and territorial conflicts, fueling environmental issues and implementing cognitive warfare; reduce Iran's power in using its geopolitical advantages.

The development of information and communication technologies has expanded the scope of the Islamic Republic of Iran's defense concerns in cyberspace and has radically changed the nature, tools, and methods of warfare, resulting in a variety of military, security, political, economic and social threats. New Interests of Dominant powers to taking advantage of the Capacities and Capabilities of Cyberspace to Cultivate Dense, Ethnic, Sectional, Social Tensions, and Build Distrust between Society and Sovereignty and Network-Tactical Invasion Aiming to Disrupt the Management of Current Affairs, make Cyber Terrorism as One of the Most Threats. The present article attempts to provide appropriate policy and strategic platforms for policymakers to exploit cyberspace capabilities to counter threats as well as identify vulnerabilities in all of them. . On the other hand, in the current research, the researchers attempt to analyze and investigate the causes and factors affecting the emergence of cyber threats in the national and defense security of the Islamic Republic of Iran, taking into consideration the existing facts and challenges. Therefore, the method of this research is descriptive-analytical and the important findings of this article are familiarity with different aspects of cyber-terrorism threats, constructive strategies and suggestions in this field. The results of this study indicate the consistency of received responses, which may also contribute to increased cyber defense in defense and security active organizations in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Police officers are exposed to all kinds of security and non-security damages in the cyber space. In such a way that the channels affiliated with the enemies of the system are continuously trying to achieve their malicious goals by influencing the minds, changing the vision and attitude, and religious beliefs of the employees. And based on this, the aim of the current research is to identify the counter and preventive strategies of the police against the threats and harms originating in the cyber space.

This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose; In terms of data type, it is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative part, the content analysis method was used using the coding method and using the Atlas.ti software, and the participants are experts in the field of virtual space, who were selected based on theoretical saturation, a total of 30. In the quantitative part, a survey method (questionnaire and Delphi model) was used, and the statistical population was selected as a total number of 30 experts in the field of virtual space.

In the analysis, 16 cases of counter-strategic goals and 10 cases of preventive strategies were identified and provided to the experts in the form of a questionnaire to study the fuzzy average of the components, and then Minkowski's formula was used to calculate the fuzzy average. Triangulation of each factor, determined fuzzy numbers for that factor were calculated and prioritization of strategies was done. The results show that creating a culture for using virtual space and the possibility of producing appropriate content; enlightening, informing and protecting employees in different ways; Using emerging technologies and cover infrastructure to carry out operational and advanced measures; carrying out intelligence actions on the opponent's agents and restraining him; increasing the scientific and experimental ability of employees and its continuation; Expediting information about the latest developments and methods and tricks of the virtual space and providing consulting services, etc. are the identified priority strategies.

The first and most basic step in formulating and implementing the training program is the correct and reality- based implementation of the needs assessment process. Needs assessment is the process of collecting and analyzing information based on which the needs of individuals, groups and organizations are identified. Considering the emergence of emerging military threats, the question was raised as to what are the annual training needs of the artillery battalions of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army, emphasizing on the disappearing military threats? Therefore, explaining the needs of the annual training of the artillery battalions with an emphasis on newly emerging military threats is the main goal of this article, which was determined to achieve those three sub-goals. The method of collecting information was field and library, and the sample size was selected using Cochran's formula to the number of 92 experts. This research is of applied type and descriptive method is mixed with analytical approach, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used for quantitative analysis. The results of the research indicate that among the three categories of special and specialized general education, specialized education is the first priority with an average of 4/23 and a coefficient of variation of 0/230 and special and general trainings have the second and third ranks, respectively. Also, out of the 40 training needs, 36 trainings got the most points and the trainings of Hasib, war game and virtual space have been given the most important.

Following the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the loss of one of its greatest allies in the Middle East, the United States has resorted to a variety of tools and methods to contain the Islamic Republic. Efforts to secure the identity of the Islamic Republic of Iran in order to counter the influence of the revolution and ensure the security of Israel has been one of the most important approaches of the United States. This study seeks to answer the question of who the target audience of US security is and to what extent they have accepted the threat of Iran. The United States, through the security process of persuading American public opinion against Iran, building consensus in the international community, targeted an audience that could achieve the process of taking emergency measures beyond normalcy or taking action against Iran. The purpose of securitizing Iran was to show the country a threat to international peace and stability and the need for emergency action against it. The process also takes place through persuasion and consensus of the audience. This article uses the research method of content analysis and the theoretical framework of the Copenhagen School to analyze the types of audiences in the process of securing Iran by the United States after the Islamic Revolution

Western Asia is a crucial and conflict-ridden region in the world. A major conflict has been between Arabs and the Israeli regime, but Saudi Arabia- Israel relations have been normalizing since 2015. Iran, a state that holds Israel and some Arab countries as enemies, founded the “Axis of Resistance” to expand its influence and security in the region. However, the normalization of relations seems to have jeopardized the Axis of Resistance, which this study aimed to analyze. Accordingly, the study's main question was as follows: What threats does the normalization of Saudi-Israeli relations pose against the Axis of Resistance, affecting the Islamic Republic of Iran’s national security? The significance of this descriptive-analytical study was in the fact that any developing threats against the Axis of Resistance expanding around the Islamic Republic can impact Iran’s national security. The results revealed that normalization of relations has led to threats against the Axis of Resistance, including supporting domestic, separatist, and opposition forces of the Islamic Republic in Iran and supporting regional and international anti-Axis of Resistance forces throughout the axis members, i.e., Iran, Syria, Lebanon, Yemen, and Iraq.

The complexity and abstract nature of the threat has caused thinkers and theoreticians to offer various opinions regarding its explanation. Each of the theorists has defined this issue with different dimensions and indicators, which despite the existence of some differences, but many commonalities can be found in it. This article, from the perspective of two discourses; First, the conventional discourse, which is derived from the definitions and opinions of various thinkers and theorists, which, as a comparative comparison, examines the threat from the perspective of rationalism, criticism, constructivism, Copenhagen, the third world, and inequality, and the second, the sublime discourse, which is derived from the verses of the Qur’an and has studied the opinions of the Imams of the revolution in a descriptive way. Based on the obtained results, the most obvious sources and features of threats according to realists are: military, tangible, continuous, state-oriented and territorial. In critical theories, threats are non-territorial and are not merely objective, visible, permanent and fixed. From the perspective of constructivism; Threats are not fixed and permanent, and before they are material and physical, they are immaterial and social. From Copenhagen’s point of view, the threat is divided into political, economic, military, social and environmental aspects, and the security concerns of the government are not necessarily the same as the security concerns of the society. Also, security problems and threats in the view of the third world are rooted in the nature of developing and their relationship and interaction with other governments, and ultimately the main essence of the approach is inequality, which inequality in its various forms and dimensions, the main problem is humans. In the transcendental discourse, threat from the perspective of the Quran and the Prophet of Islam (pbuh) deals with the basic and underlying factors such as: arrogance, tyranny, oppression, aggression and intimidation, and attention to the happiness of the world and the future of mankind, and from the perspective of the Imams of the revolution, with the view Qur’ani deals with topics such as: individual and organizational, material and spiritual, regional and international in seven dimensions. This article aims to provide a comparative comparison between the theories in conventional discourse and transcendental discourse and to answer the question of what commonalities or differences there are in terms of compatibility between these two discourses. This research is descriptive and research data was collected through library study and internet surveys.