جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Trust » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

Some economists support the free market and list the advantages of the market such as high motivation, competition, and optimal resource allocation via price system, and the disadvantages such as inefficiency and corruption. Also, some economists support the government and express market failures and the necessity of government intervention. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the failures of the market and the state are explained and community is introduced as an institution that can be a complementary for the market and the state and in some cases it does not have their failure. There is a false duality in debates between the supporters of the  market and the state and the community as an economic organization has received less attention. This study investigates the importance of social groups (community) in promoting economic cooperation in situations that are instances of Prisoner’s Dilemma and are not self-interest in line with social efficiency. Considering social bonds in Iran and different types of active social groups in the public sector, this capacity should be paid more attention to and be used to promote economic coopetition.

In the field of marketing, the most desirable scenario involves the company maintaining an optimal level of market share with an increasing trend over time, as well as preventing any decline or reduction in the market share. Concerning political marketing and elections, there is even more necessary to have such a favorable scenario. Based on the significance of customer retention, this approach maintains that a party can win if it secures the largest market share while minimizing customer attrition. It seems to be an essential approach given the nature of political marketing characterized by the intense competition among political parties, the unavoidable impact of social media, the uncertainty about fulfilling campaign promises, and the risky nature of political transactions (cash vs. credit imbalance) —all of which can contribute to the vulnerability of political marketing, hence a declining trend in the voter turnout. Relationship marketing, as a modern marketing technique, can help political activists to mitigate these challenges, offering effective solutions to minimize campaign costs and increase the likelihood of success in elections. Political relationship marketing has been the subject of inquiry in several studies (e.g., Afjeh’i & Khademi-Garashi, 2016; Talari & Mousavi-Shafaei, 2015). Rizan et al. (2014) delved into the impact of relationship marketing on customer loyalty.A declining trend in the number of electoral votes is one of the challenges faced by political parties in Iran. The issue appears to be rooted in their marketing strategies. In fact, political marketing strategies can potentially present a persuasively alluring image of the candidate’s integrity and virtue while covering up their flaws. Consequently, the politician who has been getting promoted is often perceived as an ideal figure. In most cases, voters may not understand the techniques used in campaigns, succumbing to the persuasive tactics employed by the candidate and thus increasing the likelihood of making a mistake in their choice and experiencing early regret. In fact, insufficient knowledge about the candidate or party contributes to such mistakes on the part of voters. Moreover, the inability to retain voters, driven by factors such as a loss of trust and unfulfilled promises, can result in costly and sometimes irreparable damages to political parties. Considering the drawbacks of short-term marketing in the political arena for those involved and the political parties’ desire for sustained power, relationship marketing seems to be a suitable approach to address the shortcomings without compromising market share, fulfill political parties’ electoral aspirations (e.g., frequent wins), and to ensure that voters get to know candidates and political parties adequately and accurately. In this line, the present research investigates the influential factors in political relationship marketing, addressing the following questions: Can relationship marketing help overcome the challenges in political elections? And what factors are influential in establishing and maintaining the relationship?

There are numerous factors behind party wins in the electoral market. However, according to the theoretical framework of this research, establishing and maintaining a robust relationship between parties and voters, leading to voter loyalty, plays a pivotal role in the electoral success of political parties. Relying on a multi-stage conceptual model, the present study aimed to investigate the connection between relationship marketing and the success of parties in the political market and electoral contests. The study is located within the intersection of political science and marketing management. As an applied research involving field work, it adopted a descriptive–survey, correlation-based approach to investigate the research questions. First, the analysis focused on the effect of relationship marketing variables (i.e., commitment, fulfillment of promises, communication, competence, and trust) on satisfaction. The second step involved examination of the effect of satisfaction on voter loyalty. Finally, the research explored the correlation between loyalty, recommendations to others, and revoting, as influential factors contributing to the success of political parties. In the data analysis, the Pearson coefficient and the correlation coefficient were used to understand the relationships between the research variables.

The research findings indicated a significantly direct correlation between relationship marketing principles and voter satisfaction. The results of regression analysis demonstrated that these principles can predict satisfaction. There was also a significant relationship between satisfaction and loyalty, as well as between loyalty and both revoting and recommendation to others. Finally, a significant relationship was observed between success and revoting and recommendation to others.

The research results confirm that the success of political parties hinges on both retaining existing voters and attracting new ones. This process involves distinct stages: generating satisfaction by applying relationship marketing principles, enhancing and transforming satisfaction into loyalty and fandom through the practical implementation of the principles, adopting fan-driven marketing as a result of the loyalty cultivated, and finally giving recommendations to others. The first and second stages are executed through strategic planning and initiatives of strategists, along with the genuine and reassuring conduct of candidates and party executive agents. The third and fourth stages, on the other hand, rely on the active participation of party loyalists and supporters. Furthermore, two practical methods can be employed to attract new voters: direct and indirect recruitment. In the direct recruitment, the party itself leverages relationship marketing principles to draw in a collective of voters. In contrast, the indirect recruitment is facilitated by party loyalists and supporters—mostly represented by previous voters—and their efforts to embark on fan-driven marketing and give recommendations to other voters.

The purpose of the research is to design a model for strengthening the political capital of public administrators, which is descriptive-exploratory and mixed research in terms of practical purpose, and in terms of data collection. According to the principle of theoretical adequacy, 11 people were selected for the interview with the non-probability sampling method. In the quantitative part, the questionnaire was distributed among 25 experts. The results showed that the characteristics of managers, including: respect for people's rights, religiosity and religious thought, justice, work health, political attitude, economic management and transparency and accurate information to people have an independent role in the model, and factors Political support of parties and... from the government, acceptability and personality, authority and executive power, political legitimacy, social capital, attention to the development and development of the country, people's trust, cultural capital and general participation of the people in elections, and..... ... had a dependent role in the model.

The efforts of the enemies for more than four decades, on implementing the strategy of showing the Islamic Republic system as ineffective, have led to doubt in its effectiveness. In the meantime, mass media are one of the most important components of explaining, informing and deepening the public's belief in the efficiency of the system; Therefore, the aim of this research is to identify and present media mechanisms to explain the efficiency of the Iranian Islamic Revolution system and its credible components. This research is in the field of qualitative research and the interview method has been used. Expressing the achievements of the system in the language of different groups of the society, promoting the public demands towards the ideals of the Islamic revolution, efficient management at the level of society and not being indifferent to the performance of the officials, paying without exaggeration to the activities of the executive bodies in the heart of the system, are some of the results of this research.

Intelligence organizations, with their expertise and experience in clandestine and covert actions, are a crucial channel for establishing secret diplomacy between countries. This helps guide and reassure politicians and diplomats. The goal of secret diplomacy is to assess the true intentions of other countries and create a conducive environment for establishing official diplomatic relations and future cooperation. Understanding the real intentions of the other parties, particularly their reliability, is a key application of secret diplomacy. This links intelligence and diplomacy together, based on the necessity of measuring reliability, without the intelligence agency monopolizing this task. However, the primary research question is: what is the relationship between intelligence and diplomacy, and how and when does secret diplomacy promote cooperation and trust between competitors? The hypothesis is that intelligence and diplomacy have a two-way and mutual relationship and intelligence-security organizations play a role in interacting with the diplomatic apparatus through secret diplomacy to discover the real intentions of the negotiating party/parties. The results indicate that the continuation of secret cooperation depends on the long-term interests of cooperation outweighing the benefits of intelligence disclosure. The research method is descriptive-explanatory in nature and employs a qualitative methodology based on the type of data. Data collection techniques include library research, internet research, objective observations, and field studies.

The current research was carried out with the aim of professional training and human resource development. . In terms of its purpose, this research is an applied research and a descriptive-correlation research. The statistical population of this research is made up of all the employees and managers of the country's government organizations, and considering that the number of these people is uncountable, 384 people were selected as a sample based on Cochran's formula. These people were selected using stratified random sampling. In this research, two library and field methods have been used to collect information. In the library section, articles, books, theses and other upstream documents are used. Also, a standard questionnaire was used in the field section. In this research, two parts of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics have been used to analyze the data. SPSS23 software is used in the descriptive statistics section. It is also used in the inference section of smartPLS software. The results showed that professional training has a positive and significant effect on the development of human resources. Also, among the dimensions of human resources development (concept of work, autonomy, competence, effectiveness and trust), professional development had no effect on effectiveness.

Elections are a means by which the will of citizens to establish political institutions and determine the exercise of political authority can be considered. Elections are a social and cultural phenomenon that ultimately has a political output and is one of the fundamental aspects that make up democratic systems and an integral part of democracy. Electoral competition is the main tool that forces government agents to be accountable to the people and accept their oversight. The purpose of this article was to investigate the factors affecting the electoral behavior of individuals in the Shirvan presidential election.

The research study was a sample size of 381 people and the sampling method was multi-stage cluster sampling. In order to collect information, a researcher-made questionnaire was used, and correlation coefficient and regression were used to analyze the data.

There was a relationship between trust, religiosity, social and economic status and electoral behavior. There was also no significant relationship between political powerlessness and electoral behavior.

Factors affecting electoral behavior in Shirvan include trust, religiosity, social and economic status.

Among the important components in today's world, which has a great role and importance in strengthening and improving social power and maintaining the cohesion and solidarity of societies, is social capital. In such a way that a society that lacks enough social capital, its other capitals are wasted. However, today, various factors play a role in the development or weakening of social capital. One of these factors is related to social networks. In fact, social networks play an important role in the field of social developments in today's era due to easy access to contacts. One of the dimensions in which these social networks can be effective is the topic of social capital and how to weaken or grow it. The topic that is going to be explored in this research.Therefore, the role of social networks in weakening social capital is the main question of this research, which tries to address this issue using reliable scientific sources. But the initial findings of the research indicate that social networks, considering their position among users and facilitating communication among them, can be a factor for social capital development in addition to having capacities for Weakening of social capital.

The purpose of this study is to design a model for building media trust in sports, a research method of qualitative and quantitative mix. In the qualitative part, systematic study of libraries and exploratory interviews were used to extract the components and frame them. In the quantitative part, the present study has been done in terms of descriptive-correlational type and survey form. The statistical population of the study includes prominent professors in the field of sports management specialized in the field of media as well as managers specializing in the media, who were purposefully selected (36 interviews).In the qualitative phase, two tools of systematic library study and exploratory interviews were used, and in the quantitative phase, a researcher-made questionnaire was used, which was the output of the qualitative phase. In the qualitative section, three coding steps were used to classify the identified components. In a small part, confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm the research structure. Finally, smart pls software was used for structural modeling and measuring multiple relationships between variables.The quality section extracted 43 concept codes, 12 main categories and 9 core codes. The results showed that human resource factors (0.511) .Audience (0.431), Accuracy (0.532), News and Report Quality (0.515),Media Speed (0.502), Media Economics (0.536),International Communication and Learning (0.485) ) And monitoring and evaluation (0.465) and media ownership (0.523) have a significant role in building media trust.based on this model, it is possible to identify the factors affecting media trust and focus on them to increase audience trust.

The extent and diversity of oil and gas resources on the one hand and the low price of energy carriers in the country has made Iran one of the highest consumers of fossil fuels, therefore, various approaches and policies have been presented to reduce this, one of them Relying on social capital. Therefore, the main research question is to what extent social capital can be used in the optimization of fossil fuels? The main hypothesis of the article is that due to sufficient social capital in the field of trust, social cooperation and popular organizations (although there is less belief in this), the capacities of social capital indicators can be used to optimize fuel consumption. The results of the research show that based on the field data, the horizontal trust index (trust of people to people) is relatively strong among Iranians and they have shown high social cooperation in various crises. At the same time, although Iranians have not shown much faith in popular organizations, membership in religious groups and delegations can compensate for this. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical, and the data was collected in a library and through a questionnaire.

The Iranian society has always faced numerous ups and downs in the process of its social capital and political trust, and the turning point of this development of social capital was manifested in the Islamic Revolution in such a way that with the decline of the social capital of the Pahlavi regime on the one hand and the synergy of the leadership of Imam transcendental values ​​and the movement of the people, on the other hand, the Islamic Republic system was established.Considering the various capabilities of the Islamic Revolution of Iranl the main question of this article is: What hopes and fears have been associated with the state of social-political trust in Iran in the form of social capital? The main hypothesis also refers to the proposition that political trust (related to governments) contained in social capital has been seriously improved with the beginning of the Islamic revolution in the levels of influence on the increase of socio-political participation, transcendental culture and socio-political cohesion, but in the following decades due to The increase in the level of the poverty line, social damages, the general perception of unsystematic corruption and social gaps have faced increasing and dangerous obstacles, of course, adhering to the subjective and objective perceptions of the value system of the Islamic Revolution and improving the efficiency of governments in accelerating progress and removing obstacles to trust. It is considered politically important. The methodology of the article is based on qualitative approach and inferential analysis technique.

Trust is considered as one of the most important components of social capital . In the typology of trust, public trust should be based on the example of acquaintances and others. Public trust is the second type of trust related to people in society , the circle of which is more comprehensive. And the third type of trust is institutional trust. In this study, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between trust and social capital in Golestan province , which was assessed and studied . Golestan province due to its special social structure and population after reviewing the desirability, respectively. Individual trust, public trust, and finally institutional trust are placed at the top . It is also more in the next stage of public trust in the contract and finally the trust of the institution that the type of attitude and trust is not desirable .

The present research aims to study the notion of trust as a foundation of equality in the views of Nāʾīnī. In his portrait of a just government (or in his words, guardianship monarchy [salṭanat wilāyatiyya]), Nāʾīnī gives a central role to trust (amāna) in all affairs, and hence, he applies this jurisprudential principle, which was mostly applicable to private law, to the domain of public law. He deployed notions of private law in the domain of public law in order to prepare the minds of people at the time for embracing new concepts. Nāʾīnī believed that government was a trust, rulers were trustees, and people were trustors. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic, and our findings show that Nāʾīnī assigned an equal role and right to all members of the society (as trustors) in his view of government as trust. As a result, governments are required to observe such equality for the citizens in political and social affairs.

People's trust in a political system has a significant relationship with the citizens of that society's belief in the efficiency of the government, a trust that leads to an increase in the acceptance of that political system by the people and, as a result, an increase in the level of political participation of citizens. Also, the welfare level of a nation and their ability to compete with prominent societies in this field is a result of people's trust in the political system. In economy, trust reduces costs and psychologically creates peace, security and mental health of the society. Establishing trust and interaction between the government and citizens, democracy, central justice of the government in the distribution of facilities and positions, and the presence of concern in the government's institutions to solve the problems of the citizens, increases the level of public trust, and as a result, improves the level of public trust in a relationship. Mutually, it causes the citizens' political trust in the government at three levels: trust in the political system, trust in political institutions and in political agents, which brings about the same level of improvement of welfare and security indicators in the society. The research hypothesis is based on the fact that there is a significant relationship between social trust and political trust. This article has been analyzed by descriptive analytical method and using primary and secondary sources including: books and articles.

The attention of many developed and developed countries indicates that the country's elites, especially the ruling political elites, play an important role in the development process by playing a key role in the decision-making process and administration of the country and role model.Development is one of the consequences of stability in society, which is itself influenced by the political culture of decision-making political elites. Among these factors are influential in determining this type of political culture, the most important of which is extra-group social capital. This study investigated the relationship between extra-group social capital and the political culture of political elites in Khuzestan province using a quantitative and survey method. The sampling method was available (voluntary) and 214 political elites in Khuzestan province based on Morgan table was selected as a sample, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure the variables - political culture and extra-group social capital. The results showed that the amount of extra-group social capital was moderate (78.61) and the average political culture was moderate (64.19). The results also showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of social capital (trust, cohesion and extra-group participation) with political culture. (r =. / 514). In general, it can be said that extra-group social capital can cause changes in the political culture of society.

The Bailment institution originates from the common law system, which has a disagreement over its position, scope, rules and effects. Bailment in Iranian law is equivalent to a deposit, bail, delivery, guarantee, and trustee translation that is not exact. It seems that Iran's closest legal entity to the Bailment is "yade Amani". There are several categories of this institution, of which the most important one can be, the classification of the Bailment on the basis of responsibility and the degree of the fate of Bailee (goods possessor). Enterprise transport operations of instances of bailment operations and has played a key role in the classification. Obviously, the purpose of the research is to identify the less-known concept of the bailment and, consequently, the effect of this institution on Iranian law and maritime transportation. Therefore, in the present study, while comparative study bailment in the UK and the US with the rights of Iran's rights and position of the bailment concept, in marine cargo as well as take a look at featured.

The present study aims to investigate the impact trust and perceived risk of customers of SATA electronic insurance services on electronic loyalty considering the mediator role of satisfaction. Descriptive-survey method has been applied in the present study. Sample of the study includes all the SATA customers in Tehran who have used the e-insurance services in order to perform online services at least for once. The sample size calculated using the Cochran formula in the infinite number of 285 and cluster sampling method was used for the calculations. Data collection tool was a 31-question questionnaire; validity and reliability of the questionnaire has been approved using Cronbach's Alpha. Data analysis was done using Amos 22 and structural equation modeling was applied. The results showed that there is a positive meaningful effect of perceived risk and trust of the customers of e-insurance services on customer satisfaction and the satisfaction on e-loyalty. The results also indicated that satisfaction plays a positive mediator role in the relationship between the perceived risk and trust of the costumers and their e-loyalty.

The purpose of this research is to provide solutions to increase the audience's trust in the national media. This article raises the issue that in the communication process, sender, content, audience and feedback should all be considered by asking the question of what are the ways to increase audience trust in the national media. Through in-depth interviews with 30 media experts, including professors in the field of communications and media researchers, and by means of content analysis, distrustful factors of national media activities in the three areas of news audience, ownership and management, and audience of political programs, these challenges were analyzed by a questionnaire from the statistical community and analyzed with SPSS software. The results of analytical and descriptive findings of this research showed that improving news presentation structures, strengthening the professional ability of news agents, using appropriate conductors, avoiding tasteful policies in the field of news and presenting political analysis with indirect methods and new methods Planning, promoting research, making the form of political programs attractive and paying attention to the analytical needs of the audience in political programs can increase the audience's trust in the national media.

Imam Khomeini in the thought and acton as a religious and politcal scholar has a special historicalphilosophy derived from the Qur'an and the Sirah of Imams, which is very diferent from thephilosophy of Western schools. This research using historical method and based on descripton andanalysis of their statements and works, seeks to determine what basic principles this philosophy isbased on and what place people have in this philosophy and what role it plays in diferent stages ofthis system. are. Based on the fndings of the present artcle, he established his philosophy of historywith a monotheistc view taken from the Qur'an, and in the meantme, by dividing right and wrongand placing people on each front, he emphasized the constant confict between the two and Theyemphasize the victory of the immigrant to God. The constant struggle that the atempt to establish anIslamic government under the concept of "trust" and dedicate it to Sahib al-Zaman will end with the.advent of history.

The present research, with the emphasis on the concept of social capital and its components, has tried to introduce its constituent elements, such as: the level of trust, cooperation, the expansion of social networks and participation, and in particular political participation, examines the state of social capital from the perspective of academic scholars in political science and social sciences. In this research, correlation analysis has been used quantitatively and qualitatively. In collecting information by documentary and library methods, focusing on interviewing the owners (university professors, sociologists and political experts) has been done. And by asking questions in three parts: first, the meaning of second social capital, the status of social capital, and the third, the context of this situation, to examine the concept of social capital in Iran. According to interviewees, the three characteristics of social trust, social cohesion, social participation are considered as the main elements of social capital. The undesirable and unfavorable state of social capital, the decline and decline of social trust are due to the reasons of social unreliability, structural corruption, neglect of civil institutions in Iran. Human development, reduction of structural corruption, political legitimacy through increased social capital of the Islamic Republic of Iran.