جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « human being » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

The purpose of this research is to design and explain the human capital excellence model in commercial banks of Iran. In terms of the nature of the data, the research is of a mixed type (qualitative and quantitative), which was used in the qualitative part of the database method and in the quantitative part of the survey method. The research participants were 11 managers and professors in the field of management and were selected in a purposeful judgment and through theoretical saturation, and in the quantitative part, there were 380 employees of commercial banks. The collection tool in the qualitative part was in the form of a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part in the form of a questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the tools were confirmed in different ways. Data analysis was done in the qualitative part through thematic analysis technique and MAXQDA software, and in the quantitative part of the factor analysis and through the SmartPls software. Based on the analysis of interviews, 115 open codes, 23 central codes and eight selected codes include; Human resource development, character development, communication excellence, human resource planning, comprehensive support for excellence, culture, employee health and leadership process excellence were achieved. Based on the systematic approach in database theory, the codes identified in six core classes include; Causal conditions, background conditions, central category, intervening factors, strategies and consequences were placed. Finally, the indicators identified in the quantitative section were validated.

For sure, experimental science and engineering’s products are used as tools in human science and in fact, human science is policy making in different fields such as economic, policy, culture, technology, and security. Despite this position, human science is not developed in Iran.Our country is among the wealthiest countries by its resources. These resources include underground, ground and even human resources. But unfortunately despite these prominences, we do not have appropriate situation in different fields to other developed countries.The purpose of this research is to survey requirements and present solutions to human science evolution in economic, politic, social, and cultural policy making in Ayatollah Khamenei’s sight. This research’s data is qualitative and the method is theme analysis.According to survey and analysis which is done on Ayatollah Khamenei’s speech, we find out themes like human science theoretical basics, what is human science evolution, why human science should evolve and how human science should evolve, as research’s findings.

The phenomena of humanities and social sciences have special complexities. This complexity has made the true understanding of the phenomena to be faced with difficulties. Knowing the phenomena that are in the realm of humanities and social sciences is always a place of discussion among researchers and prominent thinkers of this field.  The fields have been studies. But these debates and discussions have not been fruitful so far. The reason for this failure should be sought in the universal expansion and development of positive epistemology. Positive epistemology tried to integrate humanities and social sciences at the level of natural and experimental sciences.  and do not make any difference between them. This is while the nature of humanities and social sciences is completely different from the nature of natural and experimental sciences. The positive epistemology emptied the humanities and social sciences of philosophy and the knowledge of the phenomena of this realm is in darkness and The question of this article is, how and through which intellectual paradigm can the philosophical validity be returned to the humanities and social sciences, and as a result succeed in understanding human and social phenomena and issues? The premise of this article is that  The perspective of Peter Winch's thoughts and opinions can revive the philosophical view in the humanities and social sciences and through it achieve an authentic understanding of human and social phenomena in the field of politics and culture with the conclusion that Winch is the only philosopher who communicates  Philosophical has established between social sciences and philosophy and has paid attention to social phenomena from the perspective of social values ​​or rules and has followed the common proof epistemology.

The right to life and the idea of human dignity play a very important role in the emergence of new legal rules and systems. It is in the light of this idea that today we are witnessing the development and establishment of new legal rules and systems such as "International Human Rights System" and "International Criminal Law". Committing to the right to life will result in conditions such as the criminal responsibility of governments. The jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, based on Article 2 of the Convention, contains the important content that the right to life of all people must be protected by law and no one should be deliberately deprived of their right to life; except when executing the court order. The existential philosophy of Article 2 is to guarantee the right to life in every possible way. This is despite the fact that Article 2 does not only include intentional murder, but also includes situations in which the use of force causes the loss of life. In this situation, the use of lethal force is actually an example of intentional murder. Thus, according to the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, cases of violation of Article 2 of the Convention, not only include the killing of a person, but also include any danger to a person's life as being subject to the criminal responsibility of governments.

Cultures, like other social phenomena, have life, in the passage of time due to communication with each other and the ease of absorption or removal of each other's elements, or they grow and develop and become new elements. Cultures are fixed things and They are not without change and even though they maintain their principles and foundations, the result of this connection is establishing a mutual relationship between media and culture. The purpose of this research is to investigate the interaction of media and cultural rights in the context of international human rights. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical, and the method of collecting information is documents and library, which was done by referring to documents and examining the theoretical foundations related to the concepts related to the research. The results showed that the trends that have been experienced in the international human rights system in the field of cultural rights indicate that although no legal document is specifically dedicated to culture and all its aspects, but in a wide range of examples All or some of its aspects have been mentioned in international documents, including treaties or declarations and reports and world summits.

Entering the third millennium, it seems that everything is changing and evolving and even evolving, and globalization casts a shadow on everything like the rising of the sun, so that all relationships, interactions, and communications of governments and nations have changed and this process is still continuing. In the meantime, the science of public law is witnessing many new approaches, including the establishment of electronic government and good governance. It has been said that during the last millennium, the world has witnessed three main waves in the life of humanity, which is the first wave of agriculture, the second wave of industry, and the third wave of computers and the Internet. In this article, we are trying to describe the software and hardware developments of public law in the era of globalization, the most important goal of this article is to harmonize the basic and fundamental standards of public law with the process of globalization. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical, and the findings and results prove that public law is slowly moving towards the uniformity of the rules and principles governing public law in all countries, and the content values of public law are actually changing. It is becoming a uniform and harmonious international custom, the result of which will be the promotion of the high status of human rights in all continents.

The best reason for the creation of the European Union can be found in the writings of French Jean Monnet, who is called the father of the European Union. He believed that sharing natural resources among European countries and creating a new power (European Commission) could lay the first foundations of the European Federation to maintain peace in this continent. The cornerstone of European unity was the European Community, the process of its formation goes back to the announcement of Robert Schuman, the French Minister of Foreign Affairs, in the joint plan for coal and steel, which Jean Monnet was the creator and designer of, and Schuman, as the Minister of Foreign Affairs, accepted the responsibility for its design. Five years after World War II in 1950, France offered full participation in all French and German coal and steel production. Three decades after the Treaty of Rome, the European Union took an important step in including human rights in its foreign policy, and this matter entered into the implementation stage with the signing of the Treaty of European Union in November 1993. This treaty considers the development and consolidation of democracy, the rule of law, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms as one of the objectives of the common foreign and security policy; Therefore, it seems that human rights play an important role in both the foreign and domestic policies of the European Union. Also, since the early 1990s, the European Union has included human rights clauses in its cooperation and bilateral trade agreements with third countries and partnership agreements. Based on the model approved by the Council of Ministers in May 1995, the observance of human rights and democratic principles is the focus of the internal and external policies of the parties to the contract and the essential part of any agreement with third countries. In addition, according to the Treaty of Amsterdam, which entered into force on May 1, 1997, EU member states have established a mechanism to sanction countries that commit serious and persistent violations of human rights. The Treaty of Nice, which was concluded in December 2000, further strengthened this mechanism. The issue of human rights has always been one of the most important influencing variables in the foreign policy of the European Union in different regions and towards different actors. What effect has the variable of human rights had on the relations between the European Union and the Middle East? forms the subject of this research; Therefore, the main question of this research is what is the position of human rights in the foreign policy of the European Union towards the countries of the Middle East? The findings of this article show that, contrary to what is stated, human rights are used as a completely political tool in order to expand the soft power of the European Union. In other words, the issue of human rights for the European Union is more than a normative issue, it is a tool to achieve political goals and increase soft power. This article tries to investigate this issue with an analytical approach. The European Union places great emphasis on human rights in its foreign relations, including the Middle East policy. The European Union is committed to promoting and protecting human rights, democracy and the rule of law around the world. This commitment is reflected in various policies, including promoting the rights of women, children, minorities, and refugees, opposing the death penalty, torture, human trafficking, and discrimination, and defending civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights. The European Union has adopted a strategic framework for human rights and democracy, which outlines the principles, goals and priorities for improving the effectiveness and consistency of its human rights policies. In addition, the European Union is preparing to sign the European Convention on Human Rights, which emphasizes its commitment to human rights. However, it is important to note that in practice, EU policies and actions have been criticized for falling short in some areas such as immigration and the government's response to racism and violence. The position of human rights in the European Union's Middle East policy is discussed with a liberal approach and is used as a tool to expand soft power in the framework of public diplomacy of this Union. Human rights can be seen as a tool of EU soft power, which is a diplomatic strategy that aims to achieve desirable results by attracting foreign governments to come closer to EU values. The Union has a comprehensive toolkit that allows it to implement and promote human rights and fundamental freedoms. Among these things, the following can be mentioned:Cultural diplomacy: Exchange of ideas through music, film or art can be used to promote human rights and EU values. Economic cooperation: cooperation in the economic field is a very good tool to use the soft power of the European Union; Because it can help as a precondition for expanding economic cooperation and creating common interests and values ​​between partner countries. Eastern Partnership Program: This program aims to transition to democratic governance in countries such as Moldova, Georgia, and Armenia, and has had successful results in promoting human rights and democratic values ​​in the region. However, the use of human rights tools and instruments can raise criticisms such as accusations of neo-colonialism or encroachment on national sovereignty. Despite these challenges, the European Union continues to use human rights as a tool for soft power and strives to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in different regions of the world.

Cultural rights, as the second generation of human rights, have always been an important subject in domestic legal systems and international law, to the extent that they have been highlighted and given attention in domestic laws and international documents. The extensive and diverse nature of cultural rights has prompted governments to regulate necessary laws and regulations based on the cultural identity of their society and to assist in its preservation and promotion. Despite the existing challenges, the Islamic Republic of Iran has always endeavored to enhance cultural rights. In this research, The promotion of cultural rights within the Islamic Republic of Iran using the descriptive- analytical method is examined. The findings of this study indicate that substantial efforts have been made in Iran to promote cultural rights, and the accomplishments resulting from these efforts have contributed to the advancement of cultural rights in the fields of education, attention to the country's religious culture, and the realization of the slogans of the Islamic Revolution and more.

Effectiveness of innovative human capital performance of knowledge-based herbal pharmaceutical companies and adopting forward-looking strategies to achieve it is important. aim is to provide an effective innovative human capital.

Research approach is mixed. targeted sampling was done with 15 experts in the health sector and managers of knowledge-based herbal medicine units in the country. For model tesingt, 169 questionnaires were collected from the researchers of knowledge-based units of herbal medicine. data analysis for model discovery is based on grounded theory and structural equations for model testing.

The model with six main dimensions (market-oriented dominance), (innovative human capital), (herbal therapy cultural environment), (weakness of policy making, standardization and innovation creating valuing), (futuristic strategic management of health), (future market knowledge) and 17 components,126indicators were confirmed. the fit indices of the model were NFI=0.926, GOF=0.569 and SRMR=0.071, which indicates fit of the research model.

Managers by adopting strategies of increasing and sharing the flow of information and knowledge between specialist employees, project supervisors and other stakeholders in the supply chain - having a learning and forward-looking management style in selection, employment, training and how to behave with specialist employees in projects - adopting smart management style in business processes as market measurement, customer orientation, competition orientation, improving the quality of drug production and creating an atmosphere of win-win interaction with other knowledge-based enterprises and herbal pharmaceutical industries, can witness the effectiveness of human capital by gaining knowledge of the future market.

Kant is one of the most important philosophers of the West who, by expressing the limitations of rational thinking while showing reason in a disciplined way, challenges the fundamentalism that had dominated Western philosophical thinking for some time. He believes that reason is incapable of interfering in all fields. In Kant's philosophy, reason is the highest power of the soul and rational knowledge is the highest level of knowledge. So, the most basic human characteristic is rationality or wisdom, which is the basis of his innate generosity and honor. But Iqbal considers intelligence to be a divine blessing and intends to interpret the world and find out the meaning of life based on a coherent religious thought system consisting of three sources of knowledge, i.e., nature, history and experience. In this article, an attempt was made to determine the commonalities and differences of their thoughts about the interpretation of human life by examining the meaning network of each thinker. The findings indicate that by separating the practical reason from the theoretical reason in the first step, Kant evaluates it as capable of distinguishing morality and action from morality, and it gives mankind the possibility to establish a universal and valid morality. slow and prevents morality from becoming a relative thing, and so that reason does not make mistakes in recognizing morality, it introduces criteria based on which it is possible to distinguish moral behavior from immoral behavior. On the other hand, the most important feature of Iqbal's thought is his critical and tradition-breaking side. He does not consider the human intellect alone to be able to understand the nature of existence, and he considers the need for human connection with life to interpret the world, and the highest level of awareness and thinking of philosophers comes from their ultimate instincts.

One paramount concern facing contemporary humanity, arising from both national and international governance methodologies, is the outbreak of armed conflicts. These conflicts not only infringe upon individuals' right to a peaceful existence but also yield detrimental material and spiritual repercussions. In response to this pressing concern, some intellectuals have embraced a rights-based approach to peace, advocating for its recognition in legal and political discourse as a fundamental human right termed the "right to peace." This right can serve as a cornerstone for all stakeholders, particularly governments, in their domestic and international dealings. Central to this research is the pivotal question regarding the effects and outcomes of adopting a rights-based approach to peace within the realm of governance, as viewed through the lens of international documents and Islamic doctrines. Embracing governance founded on a rights-based approach to peace is anticipated to yield manifold positive consequences. These include the consolidation of sustainable peace, the establishment of security, facilitation of progress and development, s afeguarding of human rights, and the protection of basic freedoms.

LGBTQ rights have increasingly gained importance in an era of globalization and cultural diversity. Human rights are founded on certain principles such as the inherent dignity of humans and the equality of all people. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and relevant international treaties prohibit all forms of discrimination, e.g., those based on sexual orientation, and emphasize equal rights for everyone. Therefore, the LGBTQ community should have equal rights like everyone else from the perspective of human rights. However, LGBTQ relationships are considered against human nature by Islamic law, which is founded on the ethical precepts and standards of Islam. Accordingly, Islamic law not only opposes such relationships but also rejects the possibility of granting the LGBTQ community equal rights. The discrepancy in the approaches and attitudes of these two legal schools has resulted in major national and international challenges and conflicts over LGBTQ rights. Therefore, this descriptive-analytical study aimed to address the challenges and conflicts between these two legal schools regarding LGBTQ rights. According to the findings, there are significant philosophical and conceptual gaps between Islamic law and human rights, which have led to serious obstacles in this area. Human rights are predicated on equality, whereas Islamic law is based on ethical and religious principles. As a result, Islamic law takes a more pragmatic and realistic view of LGBTQ rights.

After the events that happened on 17 September 2022 in Moral Security Police building, protests started in Iran. These incidents started in the cities of Saqqez and Tehran and continued for several months in different cities of Iran and the world. After that, there were many reactions in Iran and other parts of the world. Following these protests, the United Nations Human Rights Council, by issuing Resolution A/HRC/S-35/L.1, established an "Independent International Fact-Finding Mission". The establishment of the fact-finding commission is one of the most important mechanisms of the Human Rights Council for protecting human rights through the investigation of violations in United Nation’s Member States when observing human rights in that country is worrying and the Council should confront with this situation and prevent from impunity. The research method of this article is analytical-descriptive and the method of collecting information is library method. The main question of this research is what will be the effects and legal consequences of the reports of this commission for Iran in the light of examining similar commissions’ activities? The hypothesis of the authors is that the universal jurisdiction of some mainly European courts to prosecute serious human rights violators may be activated.

The main question of this article is what is good governance and what are its differences with bad governance? This article was compiled based on sources and library study in the field of governance . In the explanation of the article, descriptive-analytical methodology with the aim of examining two categories of defective governance and optimal governance. The findings and conclusions show that the development and progress as well as the backwardness of any nation is rooted in the country's governance. It is the quality and function of governance that determines whether governance is desirable or defective. Good governance requires the use of a set of policies and strategies in order to increase the efficiency and performance of the government in satisfying the people, also increasing the competition in the political and economic fields, as well as making the government more responsive and efficient and modern. Defective governance, which occurs by putting pressure on the people and imposing the desires of the rulers on different strata, causes a decrease in national satisfaction and a decrease in the performance as well as inefficiency of the government compared to other competing countries. In defective governance, those who have more qualifications and professional competence are left aside and those who have less competence take over the administration of the country's affairs. The results of this article will be able to evaluate, guide or modify a wide range of actions needed in the field of governance in the form of recommendations and policy packages.

The Islamic Republic of Iran has been under the most severe economic sanctions by the European Union and the United States for the past few decades. The question is, what is the policy of the European Union and the United States in imposing economic sanctions against Iran and how can these sanctions be evaluated from the perspective of international documents? The article is descriptive and analytical using the library method. The findings indicate that Iran is one of the countries that has had a great impact on the success or failure of European and American policies in the region. For this reason, they have launched an extensive effort to link Iran's nuclear activities with the atomic bomb, supporting terrorism and terrorist groups. And they magnified this issue at the level of the international system through media tools from the point of view of international documents, sanctions are a violation of the rules of the United Nations Charter, such as the principle of non-interference and the principle of the sovereignty of countries. And economic sanctions ignore the principle of free trade, human rights rules such as the right to development and the right to self-determination

Political apathy refers to unconcern, boredom with politics, anxiety or discouragement to political behavior and events. In a way that today, in the Middle East and elsewhere in the world, this issue manifests itself in the form of coups, insurgency, protests and divergences in government policies. This study intends to analyze the roots of political apathy from the perspective of political paradigm (Lerner and Dahl), and; from the social perspective (Durkheim, Weber, Marx and Bourdieu). The political paradigm examines the roots of political apathy from the perspective of government, class, and development, while; the social paradigm examines the roots of political apathy in the dimensions of social space, social relations, social field, and the interaction between agency and structure. Comparison and analysis of political and social paradigms show that the root of political apathy from Lernz's point of view is the lack of social empathy of traditional man (traditional thinking, closed geographical system and lack of spirit of modernization),

Documenting the commission of international crimes and the continuous violation of human rights by the Zionist regime in Gaza during the last few decades, which after the operation of October 7, 2023, is happening with greater intensity and speed, so that the intention to destroy the entire people of Gaza can also be confirmed from its continuation. It is a necessary action in the pursuit of the Zionist regime. This article is a type of developmental research that collects data using a combined (descriptive-analytical) method and using library and Internet documents. The methodology is the analysis of the content of international documents and reports on the documentation of crimes committed by the Israel. The people of Gaza have been the victims of continuous violations of human rights and international crimes for many years, and after 7 October, with the intensification of what is happening, the destruction of the entire people of Gaza is visible to the world. Analyzing why the Al-Aqsa storm operation and the nature of the crimes committed by the Israel after 7 October 7, will not be possible without examining and analyzing the dire situation of people's human rights in Gaza before this operation. Israel's recent attacks and commitments are consistent with the elements of the crime of genocide, and in this situation, it will be necessary to focus on the capacities of the contemporary international system to uphold the rights of the people of Gaza and combat the impunity of the crimes committed.

Public policy-makers and public sector managers are often faced with high-stakes situations while they must ensure the well-being of their people, but they essentially base their decisions on national security from the perspective of regime’s stability, as well as on their own self-interested considerations. Policymaking to defend against traditional military threats has remained a top policy priority of most (if not) all governments which are giving priorities to huge budget allocation for military spending. While we know a lot about national security consequences of military threats, we know much less about the implications of the current and future non-military threats to human security. The twin purposes of this paper are, a) to identify and examine the factors that influence security policy-making aimed at combating traditional and emerging public security challenges and threats; and b) to examine the merits of different models of governance with an emphasis on security sector governance as an effective means of decision-making and implementing policies to address equitable redistribution of income and wealth, just social security policies, power sharing, and peaceful conflict resolution techniques. Thus, this study is designed to gain insight into the determining factors influencing public security in the changing world from the perspective of people-centric policy-making. Urgent issues of outmost importance for public security include public healthcare, mental health, emergency preparedness for natural disasters, environmental dimensions of human security, the consequences of militarization of law enforcement, cyber-crime prevention, public safety implications of technological advancement. Th emergence of new technologies might be detrimental to public security in two ways: First, the new communication and surveillance technologies might facilitate the actions of the governments that plan to restrict personal liberties and political freedoms of their citizens. Second, criminal and terrorist groups may exploit new technologies (e.g., artificial intelligence) to expand their activities which generate threats to public security.The primary and secondary research questions are as follows: 1. How can the advancement of public security and human security be achieved within the theoretical framework of good security governance and the people-centered approach to sustainable development? 2. Why should the security-development-democracy nexus be considered in people-centered public security policymaking? 3. What lessons can be learned from different governance models to confront security challenges and threats in the unstable global security environment? In the research hypothesis, it is postulated that good security sector governance leads to greater success in the people-centered public security policymaking. In order to reduce the level of military and non-military threats to the security of its citizens, a forward-looking government will adopt good governance model of decision-making. With a qualitative and explanatory approach, the authors seek to answer these questions, test the hypothesis, and outline the findings by means of an in-depth analysis of the arguments and evidence presented by the scholars in the existing political science and governance studies, which could foster lesson-learning from past experience of the success and failure of security policymaking. The results suggest that the potential consequences of the poor quality of governance for people-centered public security are highly dependent on the economic and political attributes of development. On the one hand, socioeconomic vulnerability contributes to mistrust in government leaders, public institutions and their civil servants. On the other hand, most people value transparency, good performance management, and opportunities for public participation in politics and policymaking. Thus, the quality of governance influence people’s views of the legitimacy of political leaders, and might adversely affect their trust in government. Finally, the paper concludes with a summary of key policy recommendations for proactive people-centric policy-making and good security governance for confronting public security challenges.

As technology continues to advance in the realm of information and communication, human perception of space has transcended the boundaries of physicality. In parallel with the physical world, characterized by its tangible facts and realities, a new space has emerged—one composed of informational data. This virtual realm, governed by the ever-expanding realm of human needs, defies the limitations imposed by physical space. In response to the populace's increasing presence and engagement within this digital arena, governments have articulated a set of rights and responsibilities for its utilization. Nevertheless, a critical dimension of this discourse is the evolution of what can be described as a "cyber life." As virtual communities, virtual citizens, virtual interactions, virtual identities, and virtual security become integral facets of this digital realm, a fundamental question arises: Are individuals gradually giving rise to a form of existence characterized by their engagement in this new cyber life? Consequently, this article explores the question of what defines the "right to cyber life" and how such a right can be classified within the domain of human rights. Employing a descriptive-analytical and explanatory methodology, the findings of this article firmly establish the "right to cyber life" as a fourth-generation human right. This recognition is rooted in the way it has impacted the lives of individuals, shaping opportunities, presenting challenges, and posing potential threats within the realm of public policy.

Man is the subject of every human science from different angles and of course with different motivations. Political science is one of the human sciences, which of course can include studies such as political thought and experimental political science. Despite the difference in method and approach in these two types of political studies, anthropology has a decisive and even a mother role in both of them, with the difference that anthropology in political science is produced with its own appropriate methods, but anthropology in political thought is unique. It is not in the experimental method. In this article, we intend to examine the nature of man with regard to the most important source of a religious science, namely the Qur'an, and then identify its political requirements. So far, based on the Qur'an, anthropology focused on political philosophy is rarely considered. In this article, using the foundational data method, we try to discover Quranic anthropology by referring to the verses that point out the human nature and then its political implications in political philosophy. According to this method, from the Qur'an's point of view, man is "a seeker of current perfection" and "is judged by his heart" and is "socially created". Finally, based on these propositions, the most important questions of anthropology in political philosophy can be answered.