جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کلیسا » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

The Armenians of Isfahan played an active role in Iranian culture in the Safavid era. After migrating from Julfa and the Caucasus and settling in Isfahan during the reign of Shah Abbas I, they intended to preserve their culture and identity through their educational system. Features and dimensions of their education and their place in the educational system of that era are topics to which researchers have not paid much attention up to now. In this article, these topics are discussed based on the data collected from reliable books and documents. The results indicate that the Armenians of Julfa, in order to preserve their religion and beliefs, established their educational system with the support of the Safavid government of that time; meanwhile the churches and schools were running educational affairs, and some schools were built in the grounds of the churches. Thus, religion was the prominent subject in the Armenian educational system, yet some non-religious sciences were taught too, especially commerce. Of course, the presence of different Catholic sects in Isfahan influenced the competition between them.

The formation and evolution procedure of cultural and academic institutes in the Christian West is a complicated and difficult issue to study, and is hardly survivable. In this paper, based on valid references, the opinions of some remarkable historians of science and middle-ages scholars, regarding the advent and establishment of academic institutes and centers, are examined, and consequently a relatively exact date of the formations of the centers is obtained. Then the relation between professors and students, the course titles and educational details of the centers will be pointed out in brief. In this regard, on one hand, the thought and religious challenges in academic environments are investigated, and on the other hand, the behaviors of Church masters and their positioning are studied. Finally, I indicate to a combination of rationalization and science which is the results of these disputes, and was the source of development in European civilization and then a scientific revolution at the end of middle-ages

The Middle Ages began with the gradual domination of Catholic Church over Europe. The anti-mundane and anti-scientific approach of this religion led to the creation of a situation which is also called the Dark Age. As a result, a man who renounced the world and was inclined to live in monastery, focusing on the hereafter in its catholic sense, was born. In reaction to this approach, humanism and Protestantism were born, which played a crucial role in expansion of modern materialistic civilization and birth of utilitarian human begin who discarded religion. With the victory of Islamic Revolution, the said schools of thought were challenged. The new Islamic approach offered a new human identity based on Islamic thought and practically a new human being was born in our age. The main objective of the present paper is to compare the three said approaches.

Among the various cultural, social, political, and economical factors which played a part in the emergence of feminism, the role of the religion was the most crucial one. As a result of the deep influence of religion in Europe and the discriminatory attitude of the Scriptures and the church authorities towards sex, women’s movement inclined to, first, subjective interpretations and justifications of Christianity teachings and, then, a complete denial and rejection of Christianity and gradually adopted a oppositional stance towards the Scriptures. This paper briefly surveys the course of the development of women’s movement and the anti-religious stance of the first group of feminists such as the Saloon Feminists, the Blue Stockings Society, women and freemason loges, and the Quillers. Finally, to study the impacts of the aforementioned groups on feminism, the paper briefly explains the theses of three main figures of the movement, John Stuart Mill, Bertrand Russell, and Simon de Boire.