جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "تصادف" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

Road accidents and the resulting casualties are one of the current challenges of human societies that have imposed significant economic costs on countries. In Iran, an average of 17,000 people die each year due to road accidents. Among them, human factors have been mentioned as the main cause of accidents, The aim of this study was to find challenges and provide solutions to prevent accidents and reduce casualties. In this study using literature review and interviews with relevant experts , a questionnaire with 24 questions that included human factors affecting accidents was developed and given to the statistical population, which after analyzing the results, the possibility of identifying challenges and providing various solutions to prevent accidents caused by human factors was created. Using document analysis method and basic principles regarding accident prevention were statistically analyzed, and through interviews with experts, the factors affecting the challenges of traffic police in preventing accidents caused by human factors were identified, and after necessary analysis in this field and using the methods of forming IFE and EFE matrices, the necessary environmental analysis was done, and 7 threats and 3 weaknesses were identified, which with the identification of challenges in this regard, the possibility of providing solutions to prevent accidents caused by human factors was created with the help of expert opinions and finally, after being raised in the expert meeting and discussion in this regard, 12 solutions were identified and presented to overcome these challenges

Road accidents and the resulting casualties are one of the current challenges of human societies, which have imposed a lot of economic costs on the economies of countries. In Iran, on average, 17 thousand people die each year due to road accidents. In the meantime, the human factor has been mentioned as the main cause of accidents, and many conditions such as fatigue, sleepiness, lack of skills, consumption of alcoholic beverages, drugs, etc. affect the human factor. In this research, the aim was to find challenges and provide solutions in order to prevent accidents and reduce casualties.

This research is of an applied type and the method of collecting information in it is mixed exploratory. In this research, using a review of the research background, theoretical foundations and interviews with experts in this field, a questionnaire with 24 questions that includes human factors affecting accidents was compiled and applied to a statistical population of 63 people, which includes Experts and experts in this field were given. Then, the data obtained in this stage were analyzed using SPSS software and quantitative description results were obtained. Then, by using the SWOT method, the four roles of these factors were determined, which was obtained after the analysis of the results (the necessary analysis in this field was carried out using the IFE and EFE matrix formation methods and the necessary ecology was also addressed).  It was possible to recognize the challenges and provide different solutions in order to prevent accidents caused by human factors.

The guiding elements in the prevention of accidents caused by human factors were obtained by the foundation data method, and 24 effective factors in the prevention of accidents caused by human factors were determined by the content analysis method; Using the SWOT method, four roles were calculated, which were 3 weakness factors, 7 strength factors, 6 opportunity factors and 7 threat factors (one factor was ineffective and was removed). By identifying the challenges in this regard with the help of expert opinions, it became possible to provide solutions to prevent accidents caused by human factors. According to the phases that were taken in this research, the challenges of IRI Traffic Police in preventing accidents caused by human factors were identified in the form of weaknesses and threats, and finally after being brought up in the expert meeting and discussion. In this context, the number of 19 solutions to solve these challenges were counted and presented.

The results of this research show a plan with 19 solutions whose main goal is to prevent accidents caused by human factors and considering that the human factor is the most important and influential factor in the occurrence of traffic accidents. By implementing the 19 solutions listed by the IRI Traffic Police, an effective step can be taken to reduce human casualties caused by road accidents.

Today, with the increasing statistics of accidents, it shows the necessity of creating safety and traffic engineering on the roads, in order to reduce accidents; then accident-prone points must be identified, so that the necessary measures can be taken in this direction. This research aims to identify and analyze the accident-prone areas of Hamadan city.

The current research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical and inferential in terms of its nature and implementation method and is of a quantitative type. Using the accident statistics of Hamadan city in 2022, regarding the segmentation of roads, and with the methods of identifying accident-prone areas, including accident frequency method, accident rate and equal index, accident-prone parts have been identified and ranked.

In this research, it was shown that if the method of frequency of accidents is detect the accident-prone points, highway passages are determined as the accident-prone points, but if the accident rate method is used, the intersections squares are the accident points are identified and if the same method is used, the boulevards and highways will be an accident-prone spot.

In this research, it was shown that different methods of determining accident-prone points give different results, and for this reason, it is necessary for researchers to choose the appropriate method depending on the type of their research. This research is also interesting for municipalities, highways and traffic police to pay attention to the type of roads in the reports related to safety.

Road accidents are killing a large number of citizens every year and it is actually considered one of the serious issues of the country and Lorestan province. The main goal of this research is to analyze the vulnerability of the Khorram Abad-Boroujerd axis road transport network under climate change conditions.

The method used in the present study is double mass test, temporal-spatial analysis using Gis software and forecasting future conditions under the scenario and global climate model in a 30-year statistical period, which temporal and spatial analysis of data has been investigated by weighting method. In addition, linear regression has been used to investigate the relationship between accidents.

It showed that the most effective climatic indicators in this axis, which is the longest and most important axis of Lorestan province, are the maximum daily precipitation in the month and cold days. Also, the trend of indicators in the middle and end parts of this axis is decreasing and the amount of accidents shows the same trend. Unlike the beginning and end areas of the axis, two indicators affecting this axis in the middle areas show an increasing trend. The number of accidents during the statistical period affected by these two indicators is increasing.

The fit of the regression model for the studied axis is significant at the P 0.05 level and the most effective climatic indicators are the maximum one-day rainfall and cold days respectively. In the forecast estimates, the highest amount of accidents in the central parts of the axis is about 5-6% for two RCP scenarios of 4.5 and 8.5. The results of this research have been consistent with the research conducted under the headings related to climate and road accidents by Francois, Stoker et al. and Amlong and Wiener.

Calculating the speed of accidents is an important part of the collision scene. In the last two decades the design of the car brake system has changed and most cars are equipped with ABS anti-lock system. However, the braking function of the vehicles can be found in a significant way, and this causes the cars to crash when they collide with them. As in such cars, the effect of braking on the road surface is unstable and does not last long. The purpose of this article is to use the processing of images obtained from video footage to calculate the speed of vehicles involved in an accident.

In this research, to solve the problem of determining the speed of vehicles equipped with (ABS) in traffic accidents, the processing of images from municipal surveillance cameras or any project cameras in the city, according to their location and angle, and a homographic method has been used. This method directly determines the speed of the vehicle by using the video of a car accident and converting it into several frames, regardless of the dimensions of the vehicle.

The research findings show that the relative error between the calculated speed and the actual speed is less than 4%.

The proposed method generally overcomes the shortcomings of conventional methods of calculating speed. Also, this method has simpler calculations than other image processing methods, such as the nail-hole model (Pine-Hole) or image conversions, and requires less information and measurements on the ground.

Drug use and its consequences are among the major social and economic problems of societies. The phenomenon of road accidents and its causes and the consequences are also considered as other problems of our current society. The aim of this study was to explain the causes of drivers' tendency to use drugs and alcohol and its consequences.

The approach of this research is qualitative and the method of data theory of the foundation is used as the research method. The statistical population of this study includes interviews with 20 truck drivers in Kerman province. Instead of testing the theory and approving or rejecting it, the theory is presented in a limited way so that a theoretical (analytical) model of the relationship between the family and participants' addiction can be presented in the manner of the Foundation's data processing theory.

The research findings showed that having an addicted person in the family is a condition for intervention and recreational consumption, companionship with addicted people and role modeling, is one of the causes of participants' tendency to use drugs.

The results indicate the effective role of the family in people's tendency to use drugs and alcohol.

Traffic accidents are inevitable, but post-accident conflicts need to be investigated. The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the conflict of drivers after accidents in Kermanshah.

The population of the study consisted of all drivers of Kermanshah City (n=280) who were selected by convenience sampling. The study was a quantitative survey. Researcher made questionnaires were employed to collect the data the reliability and validity of which was good (73%). Sample T test, linear regression ، and Frequency and Percentage were used to analyze the data.

the analysis of the data indicated that financial, social security; psychological, character, legal, educational, social-cultural factors and variables influenced quarrels and conflicts among drivers after car accidents.

conflicts or quarrels after car accidents are among inappropriate social behaviors’ which are the result of various factors and causes including social-cultural environment, economical status, and educational system, personal features of people, regulations or norms of the society. This implies the necessity of modification of educational processes, noticing the behavioral dimensions in academies, improving and stabilizing the economy, revising regulations of fines, on time attending of the police, revising the regulations of penalty for quarrels, limitations for driving, and increasing the awareness across the society via media especially about how to cope with accidents, can reduce the negative effects.

Using drugs and its consequences are included in one of the major social and economic problems in societies. The phenomenon of road accidents and also its causes and consequences, is considered as another problem in our current society. Regardless of the factors such as safety and standard of cars and roads, the human factor is considered as one of the most prominent causes of road accidents. So The purpose of doing this study was to determine the causes of Kerman truck driver’s tendency to drug abuse and also its consequences. The research method is qualitative and the method of gathering information is through interviewing with 20 truck drivers who works in Kerman province that is done through purposeful selection until the conceptual saturation stage is reached. The findings of this study showed that there are such feelings that in this case is a kind of business affinity between drug use and truck driving. This proximity reinforces stereotypes about the need to use drugs to overcome fatigue and increase physical strength. Among the consequences of job proximity in drug use are fatal road accidents, occupational problems and imprisonment.

Improving operational efficiency and safety on freeway segments has long been recognized as a priority in traffic communities. The variable speed limit (VSL) has received increasing attention and is recognized as one of the most promising tools to manage traffic flows in freeway. Because of its ability to properly respond to real-time traffic fluctuations, VSL control has shown that it can replace conventional static speed limit strategies. The VSL was initially designed to reduce speed differences and harmonize traffic flow on hazardous freeway segments, to lower rear-end collision rates, and to improve traffic safety.

This study used data collected from Qom-Tehran freeway for its case study, according to the driver behavioral parameters in Iran to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed VSL control system by AIMSUN.

Considering the speed of 70 km/h as the maximum speed at kilometre 5 by the VSL, due to blockage in the upstream, there is a 4-hour reduction in vehicles total travel time over the modeling period. In other words, based on the simulation results (single VSL), the Delay, Stop, Travel time and Pollutant Production Respectively was fell by 3.5%, 19%, 1.5% and 1.5%.

Using VSL system in accident prone routes has positive effects on the indicators of Latency, Travel time, Stops and Pollutant emissions. As increasing productivity is important in all systems, it can be seen that the using this system in accident prone routes is very important to increase safety and improve the route performance due to reducing Travel time, Fuel consumption, Secondary accidents and Pollutant emissions.

The number of traffic accidents in the country is very worrying compared tomany countries in the world; Although the road factor has a lowerpercentage than the rest, but reducing road defects can reduce a significantnumber of accidents and, it should be noted in new studies that the aim ofthis study is also focused on identifying the effect of road structure failure onthe likelihood of traffic accidents. Due to the restriction of accurateinformation on traffic accidents and the possibility of removing the damagesand examining their cause, it has been tried to examine the effects ofroughness surface of the pavements on the behavior pattern and thedisplacement amount of urban bus drivers and the possibility of trafficaccidents from statistical point of view. In this study, in order to collect therequired information of drivers of public transport, using the opinions ofconsultants and also to study the research of the ancestors, a questionnairewith 4 scenarios was designed to analyze the factors affecting the probabilityof accidents and asked Yazd bus drivers to evaluate them based on theimportance of each parameter. Finally, in order to determine the effectivefactors and the relationships between these factors, is used factor andexploratory analysis. Application of this modeling provides analysis andstudy of the effect of various factors on the occurrence of accidents in thepublic vehicles. The results of this study show that the area and dimensionsof the damage (the amount of Ups and downs) has major effects fordetermining how drivers behave. The first reaction of drivers in the face offailure is not paying attention to the damage and crossing it. Damagesituation also with having the most factorto extent of 0/72 is one of one ofthe effective cases in the performance of public vehicles drivers. The mostinteraction effect between the variables, between the two options of suddenline change and save the line by changing the direction suddenly is with thecoefficient of interaction effect of 0/82.

Road accidents are one of the most important causes of death in the world,especially in Iran. . Annually, many people in the world are killed and injuredas a result of accidents caused by human error on the suburban roads. Giventhe increasing population growth and the increase in road accidents in thecountry, finding the most effective accident factors can lead to a reduction indamages and casualties resulting from these accidents and a proper basis forroads accident management practices. Therefore, the purpose of this study wasto identify the factors affecting the incidence of accidents resulting humanerror leading to injury or death, as well as to present a model for predictingaccidents due to the impact of human error in suburban roads of Hamadanprovince during 2012-2017. To collect the data, the data collected were usedusing the accidents unprepared form. From 1345 accidents registered in thecase study, 940 accidents were selected in the incident parts, out of which 610accidents due to carelessness in 97 plots were selected for use in the model. Inthe modeling process, were used accident data, traffic and geometry of theincident parts of the case study that the geometrical data of the identifiedincident parts were collected as field and using two-frequency GPS. Findingsshowed that Poisson model is the best model in terms of accident predictionand ability to present formula. Five factors were effective in this model that theindicator factor of proximity to population centers with the coefficient of1/13081 had the most effect in car accidents caused by carelessness and factorssuch as slope and curvature composition, crash hour traffic, segmentationlength and slope are next hierarchy. The results of this study can be a properbasis for management disaster management practices caused by human error.Also the factors affecting accidents, will be used as a suitable tool at themiddle level of road safety management.

Drowsiness is one of the most important factors in road accidents insuburban areas of the province Semnan is due to drivers not getting enough rest and fatigue along the way.This study seeks to examine the extent to which welfare servicescomplexesHave they been effective in preventing suburban accidents in the axes ofSemnan province? Method The research of this research has been donequantitatively and with the survey technique. Statistical community in thisstudy The two groups are different. The first group are all drivers whodrive in the summer of 1398They travel outside the city of Semnanprovince. And the second group of all Rahvar police (traffic police)officers They are Semnan. The research tool includes a researcher-madequestionnaire that uses the method Its reliability was confirmed by theCronbach's alpha test. Findings obtained The study found that the numberof service-welfare complexes was appropriate Welfare complexes, theamount of access to service-welfare complexes and the amount ofnecessary places required by welfare service complexes are effective inreducing road accidents. the door Comparing the opinions of drivers androad workers, we can also point out that employees Rahvar hypothesesrelated to the adequacy of the number of suburban welfare complexes inSemnan province Also, the hypothesis of a suitable place for welfarecomplexes in suburban axes of Semnan province If these two hypothesesare approved from the drivers' point of view.

Traffic congestion as a major problem in urban areas imposes many costs on society. The phenomenon of air pollution, energy consumption, and a delay on individuals and accidents and the losses caused by it are reported as the most inclusive costs. Short-term policies such as one-way street, implementation of even-odd-number restrictions and, in some cases, street improvements and redevelopment, are among the most important policies. The main issue of the present study is the investigation of traffic policies on accidents in the central district of Kermanshah city. The current study is of an applied research type and its method is descriptive and analytical. The statistical population of the study included the Croquis of accidents occurred in the central district of Kermanshah city during 2016 and 2017, which was 602 and 573, respectively. The Excel software was employed in the analysis of data.Findings and According to the Croquis of accidents, of 604 accidents occurred in the central district of Kermanshah in 2016 and then 563 after the implementation of the plan in 2017, we have witnessed a total reduction of 6.8% of the accidents; moreover, a re-examination of the Croquis of accidents on the cause of the accidents revealed that some of the causes of the accident had been significantly modified by the implementation of the restrictions, and the causes such as deviation to the left, prohibited overtaking, transverse distances and sudden change of direction, and so on, had a significant reduction, and instead, observing the priority and attention forward have somewhat increased. The results of the study showed that the policies applied in the central district of Kermanshah did not have a significant effect on the number of accidents, but had a significant impact on the type of accidents; the type of accidents and changes in the cause of all accidents (which, of course, were implemented in a coercive manner for drivers) has caused easy movement of traffic

Due to the prevalence of accidents, accidents, mortality, organ defects and substance abuse in Iran, and considering the importance of the subject, this study was conducted to determine the predisposing factors and injuries caused by motorcycle accidents in Dashtestan.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, all returnees and motorcyclists who were referred to Shahid Kamiyab Dashtestan Relief Hospital due to an accident were examined. significant level of P≤0.05.

The results of this study indicate that the number of motorcycle crashes and the extent and severity of injuries are significant. Opioid, alcoholic beverages and cigarettes were commonly used in research units, which could be the most important factors in accidents. On the other hand, special training courses, compulsory driving and driving regulations, clear rules for driving with motorcycles, the obligatory use of all protective equipment and the obligation of manufacturers of motor vehicles to provide the optimal means of protecting and organizing improper road conditions, It can play an important role in reducing the number of traffic accidents; also, cultural enrichment, awareness raising, social and economic development, recreational facilities, preventive measures to reduce demand and precise control of cities, and the introduction of new laws on the incidence of opiates , And alcoholic drinks Smoking is one of the ways to reduce the prevalence of such substances among young people.

Annually, because of some problems such as destroying the tribal roads and lack of predictability of other infrastructures to pass the migratory nomads, so many financial and physical losses are occurred for these people of our community and other compatriots in this regard. so heavy charges in the various fields are imposed to the community. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of Nomads migration and its related factors on the process of the road accidents in Eghlid city. In this study , it was attempted to present some experimental and scientific solutions to prevent these kinds of accidents as well as recognition of the effective factors in the accidents with the migration of nomads , its related factors and also determination of the efficiency . So with reviewing  scientific opinions , 10 questions were considered that their reliability and validity were obtained by the extraction of theories and data analysis with regard to  the survey method , the design of questionnaires and distribute them  between the accident experts and the nomad population. The statistical findings indicated that the migration of nomads and its associated factors woulde  affect on the process of accidents. All presented questions were accepted by the study groups and confirmed which among them , 10 recognized factors to prevent accidents with the migratory nomads are as follow:  to construct the underpass in the intersection of the tribal roads , prevent from passing the livestock at night, obseraving allowable speed, focus of driver to the front at night in the tribal areas , make speed constraints by the  warning signs and message boards in the tribal areas, apply the reflective vests by the leaders of livestock. The revival and maintenance of the tribal roads has more important that the other factors.

Roads, humans, vehicles and the environment have a significant role in accidents. Undoubtedly, road and its geometric and technical condition as an important part of traffic control plays an important role in the occurrence of accidents. Studies show that the correction or removal of accidental points has a significant impact on safety improvement and reduction of traffic accidents and reduction of damage. The present research is aimed to identify the incidental points in the roads of Moeslati in Qom province. The axis studied in this research is the freeway Qom-Tehran, which is one of the important axes of these two provinces and countries. This axis is 130 kilometers long and connects two centers of Qom province and Tehran province. In this research, VASPAS method, which is a multi-criteria decision-making technique, is used to identify the accidental points from among the 11 points of Qom-Tehran axis. Accidental points are prioritized according to three criteria: damage accident, injury accident and futile accident. All calculations have been done using MATLAB software that the relationship between the method of the VASPASS is written in its environment, and it is able to detect incident points with respect to input data. The obtained results show that the range of 0 to 5 km is the most accidental area in the Qom-Tehran axis, and areas 50 km up and 16-20 km are the second and third accidental areas, respectively, and the rest areas also are ranked. Finally, the index method was used for the validation of the proposed solution method of this research, and at the end Spearman correlation test was used to examine the similarity of the results. The test output shows high correlation of results (0.9). According to the analysis done, the points and areas wheretheir crash statistics are higher, it has more priority to carry out safety reforms and projects.

Road transport in our country the most common and the most accessible method is the movement of goods and passengers. Motor vehicles in road transport revolutionized and brought many benefits to human society. Unfortunately, the interests of human casualties have been accrued on the road. Road accidents as a result of a combination of various environmental factors, behavioral and technological occur. Weather conditions in recent years as one of the most important factors affecting road accidents has attracted the attention of many researchers and numerous studies have been conducted in this area.In the present study, the effect of climatic factors on road accidents in the country one of the axes (Axis of Bandar Sirjan) is studied. Therefore, climatic parameters of temperature, ice, snow, rain, cloudiness, precipitation, visibility, horizontal, relative humidity and sunshine hours and accidents as independent variables in the study area were chosen as the dependent variable.
After analysis, it was found that the temperature climatic parameters in the study area had the greatest impact on accidents. It was found that the largest number of accidents occurred on weather conditions Sun temperature more than 25 degrees. At the end of the road in terms of accident risk zoning maps in each of the different climatic conditions to the axis of the draw.Unlike cold and dry in the snow and icy conditions most effective factor in the accident, in the south of the country, especially in the arid and hot climate, temperature element, the main cause of accidents. Accordingly, it is proposed the construction of a road weather station at the center of the above, to observe the minute weather conditions, temperature in hot conditions elsewhere.

Background and Purpose:

"Stress or psychological pressure," a word borrowed from physics, is nowadays used to refer to psychosomatic pressures. The aim of this study is an attempt to identify sources of stress among intracity bus drivers.

The research method in this study is descriptive of the field of surveying. For this purpose, in this research, a researcher-made questionnaire and the available sampling method was performed on 384 drivers to implement it. After completing the questionnaires, SPSS software was used for extracting and analyzing the data Findings and

The result showed that the most important sources of stress among bus drivers include: safety of the passengers, future condition of the family, safety of bikers, and wellbeing of the driver's family. Analysis indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between
"demographic features" (such as: age, marital status, education) and various types of "stressors" (like: educational status of drivers children, familial predicaments, being on time when reaching terminals, passengers satisfaction and the ambient temperature in the bus.) There was a significant negative relationship between some stressors like the issues related to marital condition of the drivers. Furthermore, there was also a significant negative relationship between "the interval of getting one's driving license" to "the predicaments related to the corporation," and "experience in bus driving" to "food" and "satisfying one's intake" and a significant positive relationship to "being worried about nourishment" and "thirst." Lastly, drivers reported that they were more concerned about some stressors after having [vehicle] accident in comparison to the drivers who did not. The findings of this study by identifying the most important stressors help those in charge of the affairs to overcome problems and obstacles in public transportation and promote its security.