جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تغییرات اجتماعی » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Religion continues to be a vital human institution, adapting and thriving despite significant changes in its social roles. Contrary to classical sociological predictions of religious decline, the latter half of the 20th century saw a resurgence of faith, especially in Western Europe and America. For example, Protestantism in the United States has experienced considerable growth, with a multitude of denominations emerging. Projections indicate that by 2025, Christianity and Islam will have approximately 2.7 billion and 1.97 billion adherents, respectively, with Islam recognized as the fastest-growing religion worldwide, boasting a growth rate of 1.84% from 2000 to 2013. While institutional religion may be diminishing in Western societies, personal and private expressions of spirituality are on the rise. Research suggests that perceived hypocrisy within religious communities can lead to disbelief and apostasy. However, theories of secularization have not fully captured the complexities of this transformation. In contrast, Islam is experiencing growth in many societies although the nature of this expansion remains largely unexplored. In Iran, generational shifts in religious beliefs and practices—shaped by globalization and modernity—have created a notable divergence between the values of youth and those of their parents. This study aimed to examine the religious experiences and interpretations of young people from religious families, particularly within the context of Yazd.

This study conducted in 2023 in Yazd City employed qualitative research to explore the religiosity of the educated generation born in the 1990s. Utilizing thematic analysis based on the 6-phase framework developed by Braun and Clarke (2006), the research involved semi-structured interviews with 15 young adults aged 24 to 32, all from religious families. Participants were selected through purposive and theoretical sampling to ensure a diverse representation of educational backgrounds and social statuses. Interviews took place in university settings and cafes, lasting between 20 to 30 minutes each, and were recorded for subsequent analysis.The researchers transcribed the interviews, identified key concepts, and generated initial codes. These codes were linked to develop sub-themes, which were then refined into main themes. The final analysis adhered to ethical considerations, ensuring participant confidentiality throughout the process. To validate the findings, the study applied the criteria established by Lincoln and Guba (1985), focusing on credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. Member checks were performed by re-interviewing 5 participants to assess the accuracy of the findings. This study aimed to investigate the differences in religiosity between this educated generation and their parents with particular emphasis on the experiences of women, who had encountered unique challenges within religious families.

The study highlighted that participants faced significant religious conflicts with their families, primarily stemming from the traditional values upheld by the older generation and the shifting perspectives of the younger generation. This generational tension is particularly pronounced in religious families, where established beliefs clash with the emerging secular and humanistic values of youth. These conflicts often arise in the context of rapid societal changes, especially the transition from traditional to modern society, where digital technologies and social media play a pivotal role. The generational gap is further widened by differences in beliefs, values, and lifestyles, leading to misunderstandings and strained relationships between parents and their children.The study identified 4 key themes: generational transformation, value chaos, religious dissent, and dynamics of resistance and acceptance. The individual and social experiences of the younger generation significantly diverged from those of their parents, resulting in a broader generational shift. This transformation was influenced by the transition to modern society, where digital and technological advancements created new opportunities and challenges, fueling everyday conflicts and misunderstandings between generations.Additionally, the study emphasized the role of social status in generational conflict. Young people were increasingly striving for material success and social recognition, which starkly contrasted with the focus of older generation on traditional and religious values. This shift had led to a disconnection between the generations, with younger individuals often feeling misunderstood and unsupported by their parents, particularly regarding their views on religion and lifestyle choices.Participants in the study frequently expressed frustration with their parents' inability to understand or accept their evolving values and perspectives. The findings also indicated that younger individuals were more adaptable and less reliant on traditional structures, often turning to new media for information and social interaction, which further distanced them from their parents.In conclusion, while the younger generation was shifting toward more secular and individualistic values, the older generation struggled to adapt to these changes. Over time, some parents might begin to accept their children's new beliefs, but this process was often slow and met with resistance. The study underscored the importance of dialogue and understanding between generations to bridge the gap and foster mutual respect and acceptance.

The family is the main element and the fundamental pillar of society in Islam and the cultural-historical ecosystem of Iran, despite the existence of this family in Iran, it is affected by many changes that transform the family structure and its processes in terms of quantity and quality. It is crucial to investigate these alterations at this juncture. The aim of the current research is to investigate the comprehension of both men and women regarding family changes. The present study was conducted with a qualitative approach. Data were collected by semi-structured interview with 26 people and analysed thematically. The findings show that the participants feel fundamental changes in the family institution. The five main axes of these changes are: sexual framing, vulgar manual parenting, gender role inversion, breakdown of expectations and communication, and acute undervaluation. "Indeterminate transition" is the central theme of the exploratory map of the research, which denotes a state of conceptual and social constructional turbulence and rupture within the family structure. It implies that participants possess a reflexive comprehension of the functions of the family. According to the results, themes reproduce each other and all themes help to reproduce individualistic institutionalism. the family is in a highly perilous transition situation in comparison to cultural and historical values and norms. The comprehension of this issue by social and cultural policy makers appears to be a critical prerequisite.

The purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between social networks and political activism, considering intervening factors such as emotions that can either strengthen or weaken this link. The focus is on investigating the connection between moral shocks and shared emotions during the fall of 2022. To achieve this objective, a conceptual framework was developed based on the sociology of emotions. Data for the research was collected from the Twitter platform, specifically from September 6,, to November 6, . The calculation method was employed to determine fluctuations in common and mutual emotions during collective action related to moral shocks. The most significant findings of the study indicate that during the mentioned period, mutual emotions (enthusiasm, joy, empathy, and hope) gradually surpassed common emotions (fear, sadness, anger, and hatred). enthusiasm emerged as the strongest emotion, while sadness was the weakest. Furthermore, moral shocks directed at specific individuals generally evoked less anger, hatred, and sadness compared to moral shocks associated with collective identity. Among Twitter activists, the tweets of opposition figures abroad and their subsequent reposting played a prominent role in intensifying common emotions, particularly anger and hatred. Conversely, the tweets of civil and rights activists had a significant impact on strengthening mutual emotions, specifically fostering a sense of enthusiasm, leading to short-term victories.

The increasing complexity and, as a consequence, the self-sufficiency and independence of institutions relative to social agents is one of the problems of contemporary societies. In the course of modernization, institutions attain an objectivity that is independent of their actors. This complexity of the community management process creates issues that necessitate a focus on the future and an ability to anticipate trends and processes. Prediction is one of the neglected scientific properties in Iranian sociology. In such a way that sociology in Iran has not made an endeavor in the past fourteen decades to predict the future of a particular institution or field change. Nevertheless, sociologists have made accurate predictions unconsciously. In contrast to the prevailing trend of sociology in the rest of the world, where the future of social institutions, including the family, has received more attention, sociologists in our country have studied a variety of social changes, including revolutions and social movements. This article seeks to analyze the Iranian sociologists' perspectives on the changes in the Iranian family as reflected in their writings, in order to classify and quantify their views on the future of the Iranian family.To answer the question posed above, “what predictions have Iranian sociologists made regarding the Iranian family in terms of marriage, family size, and divorce?” The most effective method is gap analysis, which was initially utilized in engineering and has since been adapted for use in market research.In Iran, there are two distinct perspectives on the future. The first model is the result of a decade’s worth of work by futurists, which has grown increasingly potent over the past five years. Sociologists have a unique perspective on the future. They have rarely claimed the ability to predict the future, but they have expressed concern about family-related future events. Among all sociological theories, two instances can be stated with clarity. First, none of them have claimed to be able to predict the family’s future, even if they have done so in the past. Next, none of them employed conventional futuristic methods in today’s world. Yet, a substantial portion of future researchers’ research methods are derived from sociology as well. Sociology is a diverse tradition in contemporary world studies of the future. In the sphere of method, however, those who discussed the future of the family did not explicitly mention the futuristic method.Contrary to popular belief, Iranian society can be foretold through survey research. This is also evident in the realm of the family.

The theme of the present speech is the approach to population policies and childbearing on the based issue of reducing the fertility rate in Iranian. Demographic policies are defined as a set of systematic policy to manage population change. Based on the decrease in fertility rate and low population growth, a population problem is likely to occur with negative population growth and aging inflation in the coming years. Therefore, This survey was conducted with a qualitative approach in Ardabil city and the sample size of the research is 24 people. People's statements were collected using in-depth interview technique and compiled in a specific text format. The interpretation of the text was done using the open coding method by extracting 7 themes from 7 consecutive semantic units. Critical attitude, low recognition, lack of political legitimacy, timing of fertility, quantitative adequacy, sexual adequacy, infertility as a social issue were the themes extracted in this study. It was concluded that people's attitude towards population policies is cognitively low and critical due to the lack of practical action. Also, these policies are facing the challenge of lack of political legitimacy due to the prevailing conditions in the society. The attitude of people towards having children should be understood in the context of the institution of the family. In such a context, having children is still inevitable as in the past, but new structural patterns of people's adaptation to existing changes have been formed, based on which people can choose the time of having children.

The current research examines contemporary feminist theories with a critical approach. In this research, critical scientific research method was used and archival method was used to collect data. Feminist theories include a wide range of theories, such as: women-centered theory, theories of difference (cultural feminism, Simone de Beauvoir theory), sociological theories of gender difference (institutional theory and interactionist theory), theories of gender inequality (liberal feminism), theories of oppression (psychoanalytic feminism, feminism radical), theories of structural oppression (socialist feminism, interference theory) and postmodern theories of feminism. Criticism of the research findings shows that feminist theories, due to being ahistorical, not considering different cultures, pessimism towards men, the same attitude towards all men, a purely materialistic attitude towards love, failure to respond to the mechanism of creating patriarchy, considering men as oppressors, Opposing the teachings of world religions and the same attitude to all religions, fanatical attack on heterosexuality, imposing homosexuality on women as a superior epistemology, promoting a new identity against the reversed identity, opposing individualism by claiming individualism, plurality and sexual freedom, and defining sexuality. For women, criticism of the institutional feminist theory, lack of attention to "unrealization", lack of attention to the difference in the body and finally the weakness of psychoanalytic feminism in examining the social arrangements of emotions are criticized. It can be stated that despite their practical and theoretical effects, feminist theories have many theoretical weaknesses that have been addressed in this research.

Football success is extremely significant for different countries to use diverse functions of football to provide their interests. Football success is impacted by a wide variety of large-scale socio-economic factors. Human development index is an important factor in this line but the results of earlier studies are inconsistent. 

This research has made use of the final standing of teams in the men's and women's FIFA World Cups, as a measure for football success, to examine its relationship with the HDI. 

The results showed that there is no significant relationship between the HDI and football success in the men's FIFA World Cups but in the women's part, this relationship is positively significant. 

The present study concludes that the HDI has increased the football success in the women's World Cups especially since 2015. In this regard, some considerations should be regarded that have presented in the end. 

Key Message: 

Success in sport is influenced by a wide range of macro socio-economic factors. This study indicates that the HDI significantly influences on the women's football success but doesn’t have any significant relationship with the men's football success, at least during the period that has been considere in this research.

With the rise of social and cultural changes in societies, the quality of life of the elderly as a multifaceted structure has become of interest to researchers and scholars. The purpose of this study is to design a model on the quality of life's components for the elderly based on social changes in Iran. 

Method and Data: 

The research method used in this study is meta-synthesis. In the present paper, 21 published articles between 2003-2021 were selected for inclusion in the analysis. 

We designed a model on the quality of life components for the elderly in Iran which includes two objective and subjective dimensions. Our designed model includes two categories and eleven subcategories. Results of analysis show that the researchers identified 11 concepts and the experts identified 10 concepts, with 8 concepts in common for both cases. 

The objective dimension of the quality of life of the elderly includes the components of physical function, body pains, general health, physical role and economic ability. The components of the subjective dimension of quality of life of the elderly include vitality, mental health, emotions, sexual satisfaction, life satisfaction and quality of sleep. The designed model was validated based on the identification of quality of life's components. 

Key Message: 

In the coming years, the elderly population in Iran is increasing. Therefore, policymaking and macro planning regarding the quality of life of the elderly should lead to its improvement.

The purpose of this study is to present a model of the impact of lifestyle and media literacy on social identity in sports organizations. The present research is applied research in terms of purpose and in terms of cross-sectional time and in terms of data collection in a descriptive-correlational manner. 384 employees of the General Departments of Sports and Youth of the whole country using cluster sampling method to the questions of Saffarinia Social Identity Questionnaire (2011), Philosophical Media Literacy Questionnaire (2014) and also the Lifestyle Questionnaire (QSL) Lali et al. 1391) responded voluntarily. Pearson correlation and path analysis tests and finally to provide a suitable model of structural equation modeling (SEM) using SPSS 21 and LISRL software at the level of 0.05. The results showed media literacy and active lifestyle on identity. The social model of individuals is effective and causes social changes in them and finally the research model has a sufficient fit (RMSEA = 0.09) and also the fit indices of GFI, CFI and NFI were 0.95, 0.98 and 0.92, respectively. Therefore, human health and spiritual excellence is one of the most important factors affecting the health of human societies. Active lifestyle and media literacy cause such a situation in the social identity of employees of organizations, so sports organizations can be encouraged to change employees in changing lifestyle and media literacy.

In principle, a sanction in international law means methods in which actions are taken by an injured party or subjects in international law against a government in breach of its obligations until the latter function ceases to continue its violations or adopts a policy that is in line with the policies of the provocative function. The most important type of sanctions in terms of their effectiveness and scope of application in international relations is economic sanctions. Monetary and banking sanctions are also considered part of economic sanctions in international law. But the imposition of sanctions in general and the imposition of monetary and banking sanctions in particular have consequences, including their negative impact on the realization of human rights. The fundamental question, then, is what effect do monetary and banking sanctions have on the enjoyment of the human rights of the citizens of the target country? This research has been done by documentary and library study method. The results show that the use of monetary and banking sanctions against some countries for specific purposes, although it can lead to a change in the behavior of some target states, but due to the restrictions imposed on individuals and subjects of that state and The fundamental violation of some human rights has been followed by the negative reaction of governments, governmental and non-governmental institutions and organizations, and of course the general public and free nations of the world, and has reduced the acceptance of these sanctions.

Changes in the Everyday Life of the Older persons during the Covid-19 Pandemic; A Qualitative StudyShiva Parvaei[1]Majid Koosheshi[2] AbstractIn this study, the lived experience of the older persons in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic as a social and risk experience was analyzed and the most important changes in the everyday life of the elderly were discovered. The method of this study is based on a qualitative research design. To data collection has been used from semi-structured interviews with the elderly (or their children) and thematic analysis technique to analyze qualitative data. The results show that older persons have experienced multiple changes in their everyday life. These changes have been in economic dimensions, physical health, mental health and family and social relations. The results indicate that the issues of the elderly in the Covid-19 pandemic period are not only individual but also family and social issues. This matter refers to the importance of family and intergenerational interactions in the everyday life of the elderly. In addition, the consequences of this period on the everyday life of the older persons include not only direct effects but also indirect consequences. In this regard, we can point to the economic consequences of Covid-19 on the working life of youth and adult children, which not only led to a decrease in children's support for older parents but also led to their anxiety and worry. In addition, we can point to a decline in the health capital of the older persons and deaths which is due to the delay in following up on health status and treatment. Ageing is a social and unequal experience and these studies are very useful for the social policy of ageing and family. Keywords: Older Persons, Everyday Life, Risk society, Social Changes, Ageing Studies, Family Studies.    [1] . PhD in Sociology, , Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran.[2] . Assistant Professor of Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran.

The purpose of this study was to design a model of factors affecting social wear affected by social changes in physical education with an interpretive structural approach. The present research was descriptive-survey in terms of nature and purpose, in terms of data type, quantitative and qualitative mix in terms of implementation method. The statistical population of the study in the quantitative section, including managers, senior experts and physical education experts of the Ministry of Education and provincial education departments was 384 people. 181 people were randomly selected as a statistical sample according to Morgan table. In the qualitative section, 18 experts were purposefully selected based on expertise, experience, theoretical mastery, access and willingness. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire and the structural self-interaction form included 13 factors affecting social wear. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 professors of university sports management and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (α = 0.85). Also, interpretive structural modeling was used to model the factors. Findings showed that the factors were classified into seven levels. The factors of job involvement, motivation weakness and job conflict were in the first level of management weakness in the lowest level. Avoiding work politicization, developing organizational justice and eliminating managerial weaknesses have other effects on reducing other factors of social wear and tear. Ultimately, it will lead to a reduction in job deprivation, poor motivation and job conflict in physical education.

Religion, as one of the most important and long-standing human institutions, has always been in interaction with social systems. In such a way that these systems have been influenced and have been influenced. The religious approach of societies and the changes in their religiosity, which are manifested in different religious styles, are clear examples of these reciprocal relations. Religious developments are based on the theoretical model of "gyro" based on the three pillars of factors, conditions and agents of change. This article intends to study the role of the three pillars mentioned in the developments of religiosity from the perspective of the Holy Quran by using the method of qualitative content analysis. The findings confirm that in the Holy Quran, "factors" such as population, economic infrastructure and values ​​by their effective action create the ground for religious change and "conditions" play an important role in the actualization of "factors". they do. Agents and elites also contribute to changes in religiosity through "decision-making" and "modeling", and in some cases can direct changes in religiosity to their liking through streamlining. The result is that in a change of religiosity, all three elements share, but "circumstances" can affect those two elements.

From a sociological point of view, the subject of pathology is undoubtedly a multifaceted subject that has theoretical and practical sensitivity and slipperiness. On the other hand, social change, which appears slowly, pervades other branches of social life, such as culture, politics, and economics, and connects us to the social problem. According to social analysis, it must be admitted that today is different from yesterday, just as the future will be different from today. The question is, what factor or factors connect the three past, present and future? The answer is that social issues are the links between the past, present and future of a social life. Coherence and time are important aspects of the social problem, and since the most important generators of social problems are change, changes occur constantly, leading to the production of new problems that are likely to lead to social harm. In fact, the occurrence of social change will generate social problems, and if the social context is favorable, these issues will cause social harm in the future. From this point of view, the study of the future pathology of social issues is an important platform in the pathology of social issues, emphasizing that to study the present, we need to study the past and to predict the future, the past and the present must be explored together. In the analysis of the above issue, in this article, criteria for studying the future pathology of social issues are discussed. In this study process, social change as an independent variable and social harms as an intermediate variable and a favorable social context for the future, which will be the background for the formation of emerging and surprising social problems, is the mediating variable. Coherence and time element are also important aspects of this research.

The purpose of this study is to criticize the book  “Can Education Change Society?” written by Michael Apple in 2013. It was translated by Nazanin Mirzabaki (1395). This study reviews a critical tradition in the field of curriculum and educational studies. The research method and type of study are applied. In the first and second editions of the book,  one of the strengths of the book was the attempt to link political movements around the world to create changes, although the writer, translator,  and editor did a great job. Some of the textual and translation mistakes have led to criticism of the author and translator’s scientific approach. Perhaps the most important criticism of the author is the lack of use of scientific instruments, such as practice, charts, and pictures.

Most scholars have recognized political upheavals as the consequence of cultural changes. In fact, the basis of most legitimacy crises in political systems lies in the value system of the society. The major question relates to the nature of these changes. In other words one should explore the proportion of political and cultural changes in relation to each other and then to estimate the ensuing social changes. This article has employed a library study to examine Imam Sadiq's contemporary political conditions and his endeavors to make changes in the existing cultural situation with its role in shaking the foundations of Mansoor Davaniqi's political legitimacy. We also see how Imam Sadiq (pbuh) became the center of attention through setting out to transform the public's view of Imamah and invigorate shia jurisprudence and then we witness their effects on the social conditions of the time in regard to Mansoor's legitimacy. This comparative study can assist us in obtaining a clearer picture of how cultural and political changes are interlinked.

The present article seeks to explore the sociological factors affecting social demand for doctoral studies. In order to achieve this goal, a quantitative survey method and a questionnaire tool have been used. The statistical population of the study is all students of Ph.D. in Tehran, which is in the academic year 2015-2016, which is equal to 20956 people. The statistical sample was performed using a probabilistic stratified sampling method. In this way, 364 people were selected as samples from different universities. The research findings indicate that by applying the regression test and Pearson correlation coefficient among the five hypotheses, four hypotheses were confirmed. with the comparison of the part effects of squares, it was observed that the value system with part squared (0.226) had the highest share in explaining social demand for continuing postgraduate studies. Subsequently, in terms of having the largest share in the explanation of the dependent variable, the variables of social change (0.127), the motivation to improve the job status (0.052), social pressure (0.038) and ultimately extension policies for higher education (0.015) are respectively. Finally, the total squared of the part effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable of the model is 0.458, meaning that about 0.46 of the changes in social demand for studying in the PhD are explained by the set of independent variables of the research. Key Words: Social Demand, Ph.D., Value System, Social Change, Motivation for Improving Job Status, Social Pressure, and Expansion Policy.

Investigating and acquiring knowledge of how social change has taken place in numerous historical periods, especially early in the development and expansion of the city, is of great importance in urban sociology. The purpose of this article is to examine the social changes of Tehran during the first Pahlavi period (1332-1324). Here we have used parallel research methods, historical analysis, and interpretive hermeneutics in parallel. The findings of the study show that: Tehran, which faced chaos and weakness of central power in the late Qajar period, saw changes during the period 1300 to 1320 that it had not experienced until then. Changes (such as the emergence of bureaucracy, the implementation of the new urban management system (BALDIA), the expansion of neighborhoods and the creation of new neighborhoods, the creation of numerous and numerous buildings, the creation of streets, the spatial development of the city, new occupations and jobs, the migration and growth of the urban population, etc). It changed the long-standing patterns of life in the city, promising modern urbanization. Alongside these modernization policies, we are witnessing an unprecedented intensification of Western culture in the city, especially in architecture, urbanism, and the culture and customs of the people in Tehran. The results of the study show that the new urbanization in Iran was centered on Tehran and was accompanied by modernization and urban development plans by the government to adhere to western countries, creating dramatic social changes and confronting the most unknown urban issues. The changes that urban people are simply accepting and adapting to these changes.

Third-generation theories of revolution pointed to the structural vulnerabilities of regimes as the basic causes of revolutions. In the last decade, critics of structural theories have argued for the need to incorporate leadership, ideology, and processes of identification with revolutionary movements as key elements in the production of revolution. Analyses of revolutions in developing countries and in communist regimes have further argued for incorporating these factors and for the inadequacy of structural theories to account for these events. Rather than try to develop a list of the “causes” of revolutions, it may be more fruitful for the fourth generation of revolutionary theory to treat revolutions as emergent phenomena, and to start by focusing on factors that cement regime stability. Weakness in those factors then opens the way for revolutionary leadership, ideology, and identification, along with structural factors such as international pressure and elite conflicts, to create revolutions.