جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « قومیت » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

People in the society suffer more from mental feeling or perceived inequality than from real inequality. To explain the issue, in this research, we sought to investigate the social factors affecting the feeling of social inequalities and we tried to answer this question: what are the social factors affecting the feeling of social inequality in Isfahan city? In terms of controlling the research conditions, this research is a mixed method (survey and grounded theory). The statistical population of the current study is all citizens aged 18 and older living in Isfahan city. According to Cochran's formula, the sample size was 400 people, which was selected by random sampling according to the size. The data was collected with a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 28 items for independent variables and 18 items for the feeling of social inequality (dependent variable). Ensuring the validity of the questionnaire questions was done through the face validity method to ensure the quality of the instrument, the researcher used two criteria, checked its reliability and validity. Retest reliability was used to check the reliability, and the 99% reliability obtained indicated a very high reliability of the tool. To check the reliability, content validity was used (according to the Sen H Laushe formula - CVR coefficient) and the CVR coefficient was equal to 68%. To analyze the data, statistical methods of one-way analysis of variance and independent t-test were used. Based on the obtained results, there is a significant difference between the feeling of social inequality and the variables of social opportunities, geographical area and media programs. However, there is no significant difference between the feeling of social inequality and the variables of ethnicity, religion, social bases and education levels.

Iran, a large and diverse country with a rich multicultural tapestry, is home to various ethnic groups. The coexistence of these diverse ethnicities poses the potential to weaken the nation's collective identity and unity. Neglecting these differences can have detrimental consequences, leading to social disintegration. Embracing a sense of belonging to a broader national community is crucial for fostering social cohesion and averting political and social instability. The inclination to identify with the national community and derive a sense of identity from it is a vital indicator of social development in Iran. When individuals, despite their affiliations with smaller ethnic, religious, or class groups, prioritize membership in the national community and draw their identity from it, they are better positioned to contribute to the country's progress and respond voluntarily to societal crises, leveraging their abilities and resources to aid in problem-solving. Additionally, the manner, in which a society is governed, plays a significant role in reinforcing the inclination towards a national community. A fair and efficient government that aligns with the values of the society, comprising diverse smaller groups, can bolster the propensity towards the national community. This study aimed to assess the inclination towards the national community and the factors influencing it.

The data for this study were gathered through a survey designed to capture various dimensions of national community orientation, including cognition, emotion, and behavior, as well as social, historical, territorial, cultural, political, and economic aspects, along with perceptions of intergroup justice and a shared future. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula, resulting in a sample of 384 individuals to achieve a 95% confidence level with a 5% margin of error. To ensure accuracy, 530 questionnaires were ultimately completed. The survey employed a two-stage sampling approach, utilizing cluster sampling to select localities and random sampling to select respondents. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software and internal consistency, construct validity, and Cronbach's alpha were assessed to ensure the reliability and validity of the indicators. Owing to space constraints, the internal correlation results were not presented in this article.

The findings indicated that the inclination towards the national community in Iran averaged at 4 out of 6 on a 6-point scale, signifying a substantial tendency. Specifically, there was a strong inclination in the social, cultural, historical, and territorial dimensions, while the political and economic dimensions showed a relatively lower sense of justice between groups and common destiny towards the national community. In terms of orientation, the emotional dimension of orientation to the national community was rated at 4.6 out of 6, indicating a high to very high level, but it exhibitd a weaker status in the cognitive and behavioral dimensions. This underscored the importance of enhancing knowledge and providing further training in understanding the national community as the individuals demonstrated a strong orientation towards it but lacked sufficient knowledge and exhibited weaker behavior in strengthening their national community. Another significant point pertained to commonalities within the national community, which were categorized into past, present, and future. The current survey revealed that people were more interested in commonalities originating from the past, including culture (4.7), history (4.8), and land (4.6), compared to the commonalities of the present (economy, politics, etc.) and the future. In other words, the tendency towards the national community based on the common past was stronger than the tendency based on the commonality of the present and the future. Commonalities related to the present and the future were more influenced by the efficiency of the government and alignment of values in the society. The government's acceptability in terms of efficiency and value orientation effectively increased orientation towards the national community. The variables investigated accounted for 65% of the changes in the tendency towards the national community.

Ethnicity is a theoretical construct in humanities and social sciences, which has always been researched and analyzed in these sciences. Despite the significant accumulation of theoretical reflections and scientific and practical researches in these areas, commentators and thinkers are still facing many issues and unknowns. One of the areas of accumulation is the question of how and how to explain the theory of ethnicity, which is considered in this article. In order to answer the concern of the article, the researcher while paying attention to the proposed theories with appropriate retelling capabilities, including classical theories, modern theories and postmodern theories, extract their strengths and weaknesses and pay attention to the nature and characteristics of the Iranian society, emphasizing the approach " "Fundamentalism" has presented its theory with the title of "Barkhal Qoumit" in relation to Iranian ethnic groups. The central sign of the empty ethnicity theory is based on the proposition that "Iranian ethnic groups have an empty nature and a unitary nature in terms of internal discourse, and a pluralistic nature in terms of structure and profile." Therefore, in Barkhal's theory, ethnicity is divided into ten principles as the structure and the main axes discussed include: "unity in plurality", "self-similarity", "simultaneity of evolution", "identity", "substitution", "simple foundational rules", "continuity and continuity", "dynamics". and historicity", "memory" and "coexistence" have been discussed.

The aim of this study was to investigate the sociological approach to globalization and its impact on the ethnic tendencies of the people of Ilam province.To show the relationship between ethnic identities living in Ilam province and general and global identities.In this study, the statistical population of all people living in Ilam province with a population of 580, 158 people, which according to Cochran's formula, the statistical sample size is 270 people and the sampling method is probably simple, survey method and data collection tool is a questionnaire.Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the data and face validity method was used to measure the validity. The research findings were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, analysis of variance and regression statistical methods.Ethnic tendencies have a significant relationship and also there is a significant positive relationship between lifestyle variables and ethnic tendencies, which means that with the entry of traditional societies such as Ilam province into the modern world, has reduced their sense of belonging and ethnic attachment.

Social Integration and solidarity is one of the important issues of multi-ethnicity and developing countries. This paper tries to understand the effective elements on the Salience of ethnic identity and its strengthening among Arabic-language speakers of Khuzestan. This research has been done by Interpretive-constructive approach and by quantitative method and for analyzing the data Grounded Theory has been used. Purposive and theoretical sampling has been used for selecting interviewees. To collecting data, we interviewed by 30 elites in Khuzestan. After doing open-coding, 12 axial codes presented. The results illustrate that Salience of the ethnic identity among Arabic people of Khuzestan is not against national identity and it is equal with the national identity. And also salience of ethnic identity is followed by some variables of politicized identity of ethnicity, the ethnic-race of cultural exclusion, the historical and continuous deprivation, the understood relative deprivation of ethnicity, the anti-government ethnic internalized unpleasantness, the ethnic identity seeking, rational ethnic identity making, ethnic seizure of space and geography and the ethnic and identity delimitation.

Participation in elections, as one of the main pillars of religious democracy, increases the social capital of the system and strengthens the foundations of governance. Types of political participation arise from the social and cultural conditions in which people live and ethnicity as a cultural context is effective on various actions of individuals, including electoral participation, so in this article, the political participation among the ethnic groups of Fars province with emphasis on The elections of the Islamic Consultative Assembly has been covered. In the present study, according to the subject, logic, and purpose of the research, a quantitative approach and survey method was used, and the statistical population of the investigation included 600 citizens aged 18 and over in three cities of Shiraz, Noorabad, and Firoozabad (representatives of Fars, Lor, and Turk) is. The required data were collected using a questionnaire. The results show that offline and online political participation among the sample members is lower than average, however, in both variables, the ethnic context of cities has a significant positive relationship with political participation, which can be considered as a threat to democracy in Its all-encompassing meaning should be taken into account.

Iran is a multi-ethnic society and one of the top ten countries with the highest ethnic diversity in the world. However, the lack of questions about ethnicity in censuses has led to many limitations in comparative studies among ethnic groups. Also, the data of the Socio-Economic Features of the Household survey, which was implemented in 2001, were used to compare the marriage behaviors of ethnic groups with 2018. This study aimed to investigate marriage patterns among different ethnic groups in Iran using National Marriage Survey data. The findings revealed that marriage patterns are different among ethnic groups. A comparison of results with studies from two decades ago shows that although traditional behaviors have declined among all ethnic groups, ethnic differences persist. Generally, ethnic groups can be classified into three categories. Baluchs and Arabs, that have more traditional behaviors. They had a lower average age of marriage. Furthermore, early, consanguineous, arranged and ethnic assortative marriages are more common among them. On the other hand, there are Gilakis, who have modern marriage behaviors compared to other groups, so that they have the highest average age of marriage and the lowest early, consanguineous, and ethnic assortative marriages. The other four ethnic groups are in the middle: Persians, Turks, Kurds and Lors who their behaviors are similar. It seems that socioeconomic inequality and subcultural behaviors of ethnics, are the main determinants of differences.

Digital activism refers to the use of digital mobile technologies and Internet-based devices for political and social change. In the struggle to change the world, social activists have embraced new communication technologies. Since 1990s, debates about Internet activism and how new media have been used by social movements have increased. From the Zapatista movement in 1994 and the WTO demonstrations in 1999 to the Arab Spring and the global occupation movement in 2011, the Internet has proven its role in mobilizing, organizing, informing and communicating internationally to protest. The main purpose of this article is to study the social activism of Iranian Kurds in cyberspace. The data of the present study were collected by means of a combination of virtual ethnography and in-depth interviews. According to the findings, the main benefits of the Internet and social media for Kurdish activists include the use of social networks to express ethnic identity, the use of the Kurdish language by Iranian Kurds, the use of the Internet as an alternative media, and intra-ethnic communication with Kurds in other countries. According to cyberspace activists, there are disadvantages such as their lack of the skill necessory for making use of cyberspace, spread of slacktivical activities, and being illiterate in respect to mother tongue.

Culture is the distinguishing factor of human societies and groups. And we can talk about culture and specific cultural identity. The acceptance of immigrants from different ethnicities has caused cultural diversity as well as cultural particularism in the city of Hamadan. That the reactions of immigrants and native citizens and the effect on different cultural and social fields are its consequences. The research was conducted with the aim of sociological study of cultural particularism among the citizens of Hamedan and its causes and factors. This research was conducted with a survey strategy and Structural Equation Model analysis method. The mean cultural particularism among the citizens of Hamedan is close to average. Also, the particularism of young people is less than that of older people, and the particularism of native citizens is more than that of immigrants. The degree of cultural particularism of citizens varies with different levels of education and in different ethnicities. Based on the analysis of SEM, the hypotheses of the research are confirmed and indicate the significant effect of globalization, traditionalism, religiosity, Cyberspace, migration, education, social trust, feeling of relative deprivation, socioeconomic status and ethnicity on cultural particularism. which explain a total of 65% of the variance of cultural particularism. According to the research results and related theories, we cannot expect cultural homogeneity in the multi-ethnic city of Hamedan with subcultures. On the other hand, the dialectical process of globalization has caused the simultaneous existence of specific and general cultures.

Differences in the method of intercultural adaptability of Afghan immigrants in Iran from the perspective of sources of ethnic identity of immigrants is the main goal of this study. Data were collected using qualitative method and semi-structured interview technique with 15 Afghan immigrants and the final findings are typologized by thematic analysis. This research has been done using the theoretical framework of various strategies of acculturation and ethnic identity among immigrants and the results show that the characteristics of ethnic identity of immigrants strongly affect the type of their integration into the destination community. In the finding section, a review of the differences between the three main ethnic groups in Afghanistan (Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras) in terms of religion, language and face is conducted and the findings indicate that the apparent identity in terms of resemblance to Iranians leads to greater integration of Afghans, and when this apparent similarity intersects with the Persian language and the Shiite religion, the two strategies of integration and assimilation reach their peak. But among the ethnic features, there are many paradoxical intersections that cause parts of the identity of each of the Hazara, Tajik, and Pashtun ethnics that are compatible with Iranian culture to be accepted and parts of the same identity to be rejected. For this reason, having a different face, being Sunni, and the Pashto language are all characteristics that make immigrants consider themselves "other" and alien, and choose strategies of separation or marginalization

The book "Ethnicity and Ethnocentrism: Myth and Reality" is a narrative about the conflicts of ethnic groups in Iran after the First World War until the last decades of the 14th century. According to the author, ethnicity and ethnic groups are modern categories and have no history in Iran. The three factors of the centralist and authoritarian state, the utilitarianism of the elites and the international forces played a role in the emergence of these conflicts and the formation of ethnicity. The book examines ethnicity and ethnocentrism in the context of internal and external political and social relations; It also shows the constructiveness of ethnic nationalism based on abundant historical data. In line with the book''s themes, the author introduces inclusive government, highlighting cultural commonalities, and de-escalation policies as appropriate strategies for dealing with Iran''s multicultural situation. There are criticisms of this work that can be mentioned as follows: the book has used different approaches without combining them and lacks paradigm coherence; Like positivists, it seeks a criterion for determining the boundaries of ethnicity, but there is no such criterion; All the arguments of the book in the direction of the construction of ethnicity are also applicable to national identity, but the author is silent about this and falls into a kind of national essentialism; It downplays the role of economic policies and development plans in ethnic conflicts; Finally, it neglects the impact of modern social change and the inevitable presence of the "other" in the formation of ethnicity.

The present article aims to investigate the sociological relationship between ethnic groups with an emphasis on telegram jokes and seeks to answer the following questions: What issues do ethnic jokes express? And what are the factors that lead to the creation of ethnic jokes in different groups? To answer these questions, Kemper theory was used. In fact, content analysis is one of the documentary methods that includes highlighting the axes or main lines of a text or written texts or a collection of images, tapes, etc. The statistical population of this research is the jokes exchanged in the Telegram social network. The results of this study show that ethnic groups try to compensate for the imbalance of power and position in relation to their superior groups and their social distance from the lower groups through ridicule and humiliation in jokes. Jokes, on the other hand, lead to a kind of stereotypical view of the target group, meaning that ethnic groups often show similar feelings in response to such jokes.

The process of globalization has provided the condi[1]tions for the emergence of local and ethnic cultural identities, and was not leading to cultural unification in practice. Identity is a variable that changes during the social experience and with the formation and expansion of new communication tools and methods. This study identify and describe the construction of the  Arab people of Khuzestan province's identity in virtual social networks by qualitative content analysis method and tries to identify a pattern for recreating the ethnic cultural identity of this people in their activity in the virtual social network Instagram. For this purpose, 30 selected posts from 20 active channels related to the cultural-ethnic identity of this people in the virtual social network Instagram were selected and through studying them based on the content analysis unit, users' action patterns were discovered. The results indicate the existence of three action models: confrontation with official culture, Repetition, and innovation in the elements of ethnic cultural identity of the Arab people of Khuzestan province.

Reduction of marriage duration is one of the social problems of modern times. In recent decades, the traditional structure of the family has changed along with the increase of women’s literacy and education, as well as their participation in labor market,. This research aims to study duration of marriage to divorce (DMD) among Kurd, Turk and Fars ethnic groups. The research method is post-event. This study explore the effect of women's autonomy on the DMD in districts with a Persian, Turkish, and Kurdish ethnic majority. The study population includes 78 districts at the 2016 Census. Data adopted from the Statistical Center of Iran (SCI) and National Organization for Civil Registration (NOCR). Findings show that the relationship between ethnicity and the DMD is statistically significant. Multivariate analysis indicates that in districts with a Turkish ethnic majority, the DMD decreased by 0.189 years or 69 days per unit of increase in women's autonomy. In contrast, among Persians and Kurds, changes in the DMD is independent from women's autonomy. This may be resulted from different cultural values and norms among the studied ethnic groups. Doing qualitative researches in order to understand the meanings behind these relationships is necessary.

The main of this study was to investigate the reasons, aspects, and consequences of gypsy’s women’s exclusion in the "Cheshmeh Kaboud” in Ilam County. This research is based on qualitative methods (ethnography). Data collected through participatory observation and interview. In addition, data analyzed using thematic analysis method. We are sampling from12 native women (recourse of exclusion) and18gypsies women (Target of exclusion). The results have shown that native women’s exclude gypsies women because of these reasons: stereotypical beliefs, lack following sanitary rules, the behavior of gypsies child in school, a common sight in the community, violence among gypsies. Inattention to religious values. Inattention to native cultural values. Gypsies have believed that the most important reasons for their exclusion are these: Special events, Effect of technology on their life, stigmatization, gender stereotypes. The aspects of gypsies’ women’s exclusion in this research are the exclusion of facilities, institutional distrust, exclusion of social relevancies, and exclusion of protection. The consequences of this problem are financial deprivation, informational deprivation, celibacy of gypsy’s girls. The gypsy’s women made some strategies against social exclusion: mutual reaction, choosing the name, seclusion, resistance against natives, special lifestyle, hiding identity, transition of making tools.

The present study has explained the sociological relationship between, at the first side, Cultural Intelligence and demographic variables and, at the other side, the degree of social tolerance among the ethnic groups living in kazerun. the research method is survey and the bulk of statistical sample is 389.and sampling is based on multistage of clustered method. data gathering tools and created questioners is derived from Early and Ang (2006), cultural intelligence questioners and social tolerance is made from King view.Data analysis instrument is SPSS and based on the obtained information the social tolerance is equal among the ethnical groups. also the social tolerance ratio among the ethnical groups based on the income levels ,occupational and marital positioning don’t have meaningful differentiation. according to age and educational levels are different from each other. based on the result thee is meaningful relationship between Cultural Intelligence and social tolerance (sig=0.001).among the Cultural Intelligence indicator the most effect of social tolerance isbelong to Metacognitive aspects .(BET=-17.8).also ,this Cognitive ( beta=15.7), Behavioral with (beta=16.8), Motivational ( beta=15.5) has specified the existing fluctuation between ethnical groups