جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ویژگی ها » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Today, speech and communication skills are more important than in the past. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare voice and personality characteristics in teenagers with speech sound disorders and social (practical) communication.

The present study was descriptive and causal-comparative in terms of its fundamental purpose and data collection method. The statistical population of the present study included all teenagers with speech sound disorder and (practical) social communication disorder who referred to the speech therapy clinics of Qazvin city in 1401. From this statistical population, 30 people (15 subjects for each group) of adolescent boys with speech sound disorders and (practical) social communication were selected by purposive sampling. To collect data from the questionnaire of five major factors of children's personality, social communication disorder scale, and to evaluate the voice, acoustic analysis method and Pratt software were used. The data obtained from the evaluations were analyzed by multiway analysis of variance.

The results showed that there is a difference between voice characteristics and personality characteristics in the two groups and the indices of these components are higher in the speech sound group than in the social communication group (P<0.001).

Therefore, the differences could be due to the belief of these people about speaking out loud, fear of facing or being ridiculed by others and searching for different ways to solve problems. And the presence of defects in these abilities is harmful and needs to be taken into consideration.

The purpose of this article is to develop a model for improving the effectiveness of military-scientific classes by considering the mediating and two-way role of students' cognitive characteristics in a military higher education center. For this purpose, one main hypothesis and seven sub-hypotheses were designed. This article is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey and cross-sectional in terms of method. The statistical population of the study includes all professors of the higher education center studied in the second semester of the academic year 1399-1400. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of which was confirmed by content method and its reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha and factor analysis. 435 questionnaires were completed. Structural equation model was used to test the research hypotheses. The results indicate that the main hypothesis (based on the Variance Accounted For index) and all sub-hypotheses of the research (based on t-value) were confirmed. In other words, the existence of effective communication channels between professors and commanders as well as educational, personal, disciplinary and cognitive characteristics of students have a positive and significant effect on promoting the effectiveness of military-scientific classes of military university students under study. Of these five dimensions, however, the dimension of students' cognitive characteristics with a path coefficient of 0.99 has the greatest impact on the model, because a change of as much as a standard deviation in the dimension of students' cognitive characteristics will cause a change of as much as 0.99 standard deviation in the pattern of improving the effectiveness of scientific-military classes. Also, students' cognitive characteristics, in addition to a strong direct effect (with a path coefficient of 99%) play the role of complete mediation between students' educational characteristics and their individual characteristics by promoting the effectiveness of students' scientific-military classes.

The studys aim was to determine the relationship between personality features and emotional intelligence with criminal tendency of women prisoners in Tehran.sample number was 102 that answered three questionnaires named.Neo Five-Factor Inventory of Personality Feature.emotional intelligence Shring ,criminal tendency and sub-hypothesis, SPSS statistical software was used to calculate descriptive statistics and Inferential multivariate regression statistics were applied to test hypothesis.The study findings showed that variable of personality features and emotional intelligence explain in total 53.6% of variance of the criminal tendency. Furthermore it has seen that the features of neuroticism personality, extroversion, and openness to experience can explain most to the least rate of variance in tendency among woman and have the most positive effect on the criminal tendency. According to the R2 coefficient, the being agreeable personality feature has no significant effect on criterion variable, while the feature of being conscientious has reverse effect . About the relationship between emotional intelligence and criterion variable of criminal tendency, regression analysis showed that predictor variable explains % 31.8 from variance of criterion variable and that has moderate, reverse and significant effect on criminal tendency of women prisoners.

The law enforcement force of the Islamic Republic of Iran has been formed with the aim of establishing order and security and ensuring individual and community well-being. In the last two decades, Iran’s police have implemented the community-based approach to achieve its goals, but now, it has faced some challenges. Understanding the areas, features and consequences of this approach and analyzing it from the perspective of globalization is the main purpose of this study. This is a fundamental research in which qualitative method has been utilized with phenomenological approach. The statistical population in this study is policing practitioners. In this study, 20 people from the statistical population have been selected through purposeful sampling technique. The collection of information and data in this study has been carried out through conduction in-depth interviews. Data and information were analyzed using qualitative content analysis technique. The obtained results indicate that Iran’s Police have an tendency towards community-oriented policing approach in terms of social, economic, ideological-discourse, and legal-managerial perspectives. Features of the community-oriented approach in Iran’ Police has three systematic and interdependent sections; namely "cognitive", "policy-making and planning" and "operational". The consequences of this approach are divided into the two parts of social and institutional (organizational) approached, and each has positive and negative aspects. The community-oriented approach in the Iran’s police does not definitively follow globalization. There are signs of adaptation to globalization, but it corresponds to the phenomenon of glocalization and is understandable in its context.

research of determining the effectiveness of theissuance of third-party insurance based on driver's characteristics in theprevention of accidents has been done in Iran country. Scientific researches ontraffic accidents and their causes indicate that the human factor has asignificant difference in the incidence of accidents, compared with otherfactors. In other words, human and his mistakes can be considered as the mostimportant reason for a driving accident. Thus, many years ago, in manycountries around the world, stringent regulations and regulations on theissuance of third-party insurance have been introduced based on driverattributes for applicant. The general objective of this study is the effectivenessof the issuance of third-party insurance on the basis of driver's characteristicsin preventing accidents.

this research is practical in type of aim and descriptive-analytical intype of method in terms of survey. The statistical population of this study wasexperts and specialists in traffic and insurance and snowball method was usedfor statistical selection. For this purpose, three linear models for totalaccidents, high-risk driving violations and fatal accidents have been developedusing generalized linear regression modeling.

results of this study show that the history of driver accidents, historyof high-risk driving violations, driver's occupation and strict rules so thatmakes it difficult to renew insurance policy ,variables related to the issuance ofinsurance policies are based on the driver's attributes, which have a seriouseffect in reducing accidents.Discussion and

Studies have shown that in almost all cases, theimplementation and enforcement of such laws have had a positive impact onthe reduction of accidents. This article evaluates this claim

Teens are the future capital of society. The difference between two educational environments can enhance or create different personality and emotional characteristics in the two groups of students in these schools. The purpose of this study was to compare personality traits, emotional intelligence, and cognitive-emotional adjustment strategies in students of ordinary schools and government samples. This is a causal-comparative study. The statistical population consisted of all female students studying in primary schools in Bushehr city in 2017 in primary schools. A multistage randomized cluster sampling was conducted on 150 students (75 students of normal schools and 75 students of state-run schools). Data collection was done using five-personality trait (NEO-FFI), Predictive Intelligence (PFEIQ), and cognitiveemotional regulation (CERQ) questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and covariance data were analyzed. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the students of ordinary schools and the government sample in the personality characteristics of extraversion, openness and acceptability, so that ordinary school students have an extraversion score higher than that of students in state-run public schools and in features Openness and acceptability, students in ordinary schools have a lower score than students in state-run public schools. Also, the data show that there is a significant difference in emotional intelligence and cognitive-emotional adjustment between students of ordinary schools and government samples. Students in state-run sample schools have a higher score in their positive emotional setting than in regular school students. According to the results of the study, the attention of planners to educational and educational programs in the field of emotion and the reduction of maladaptive personality traits is felt.

The port cities of Bandar Khamir and Bastak are located in Hormozgan province. The dialect spoken in Bandar Khamir is a sub-division of Bandari, and the dialect of Bastak is a subset of Dari Lârestâni. During the reign of the rulers of Bastak, the port city of Bandar Khamir was governed by Bastaki leaders; also the arrival of Sadatqetali from Guwdah to Bastak as missionaries had a great impact on Bandar Khamir’s dialect. In this study, phonetic and morphological features of these dialects have been examined and compared. Sources used in this study include books, thesis, articles and vocabularies from both dialects; the dialectical data were compared using the descriptive- analytical method. The results of this study indicate that although the dialect spoken in Bandar Khamir is influenced by Lârestâni dialect but it has not lost its originality as part of the family of Bandari dialects, and has tended toward Lârestâni and Bastaki dialects in some limited phonetic featu res.

The family is a social system that is the basis of development in all societies. The disruption of the family institution or its failure will cause many problems in society. Divorce is one of a kind of family disruption that has been increasing in Iran over the past years. One of the most important types of divorce is emotional divorce, which is not recorded anywhere, and does not have an objective look. But its destructive effects occur in various fields.The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of emotional divorce and its prediction based on personality traits and marital satisfaction components in Shahroud city in 2014. To this end, 630 married people were selected randomly and after obtaining the necessary explanations and drawing their contributions, the required information was obtained through a researcher-made questionnaire. To study the main variables of the research, Gatman's emotional divorce questionnaire, NEO personality questionnaire, and marital satisfaction questionnaire Enrich. For data analysis, descriptive statistics were used for its significance. Correlation tests, multivariate analysis of variance and regression analysis were used. The results showed that 37% of subjects in the sample group suffered from emotional divorce, and a total of 67% of the sample group suffered from one or more problems in their emotional relationship with the spouse. 32% of changes in emotional divorce are predictable due to neuroticism personality traits and personality topics in Enrique's test. By adding the marital relationship variable 41% and adding the conflict resolution variable 49% and adding the gender variable 62% and The addition of other variables increases by 73%.

IntroductionSince the late 1970s, a number of social scientists have paid attention to centralized state powers in capitalist societies and state autonomy theories (Giddens, 1985; Mann, 1986; Skocpol, 1979). Developmental states have evolved around some specific historical events during the 1870s, including two historical trends, namely, The Prussian Empire Conquest over Napoleon III, and the beginning of Meiji Reforms in Japan (Kazemi,2015). Through the elimination of development obstacles, Bismarck and Meiji states (i.e., classic developmental states), as two typical examples of this developmental model, established the related infrastructues and context of national development known as “revolution from above” in Moore parlace (Moore, 1993).
The aftermath of World War II, formation of Eastern Block, and finally, beginning of the Cold War, all together, transferred the geographical field of developmental states to the East Asia (Kazemi, 2015) which in its turn created central core of developmental state in this region. The transfer of developmental states model to the other developing countries in the middle east, Africa and latin America, is the concrete evidence for the emergence of some new developmental states embedded in the situations like changing the environment of global economy, vanishing the cold war, and feeling a pressure toward democratization.
Theoretical FrameworkOne can trace the ideas related to the developmental states in some scholars’ works who have the reputation in classic economic history (e.g., List, 1841; Gerschenkron, 1962; Marx, 1979) and, especially, in institutional economy and sociology (e.g., Johnson, 1982; Evans, 1995,2010; Leftwich, 2000; Cohli, 2004; Routley, 2012; Amsden, 1992; Wade, 1990; Cohli, 2004; Wong, 2004; Block, 2007). The elaboration and outlining of the notions of aforementioned scholars is a suitable analytical tool putting the light on the new developmental states in some manners as follow:• Crossing of East Asian stereotypical image as the unique experience of developmental states
• Considering the variable environment of the global economy as an international structural status
• Transferability of developmental states, i.e., the diffusion of these states to the other regions of the developing world
• The social origins of developmental states
From the 1990s afterwards, the global socio-economic trend has transformed the developmental states through their historical evolution and expanded their geographical domain and functional diversification. Hence, discussing the new developmental states like Iran, Brazil, and Turkey is a prevailing debate nowadays.
MethodologyThe developmental state as a notion has been based on two critical sociological theories, i.e. the Weberian political theory (Weber, 1991), and the Neo‐Marxists’ emphasis on the relative autonomy of the capitalist state (Marx, 1979). Thus, this notion has been formed as the most contested development approach, and under the perspective of institutionalism and new dependency schools of thinking. The analysis of developmental states as a specific theory-based work drawing from this idea that a state is as an autonomus institutional body (state-oriented theory), is aimed to provide a transparent and consolidated understanding of causal settings observed in the history of states.
As state-oriented theorists (e.g., Skocpol, 1979) argue, historical-comparative research is the most appropriate method since it combines research strategies, namely, nominal comparison (i.e., an explanation of causes of a unique sequel by eliminating any potencial circumstance) and narrative comparison or tracking process (i.e., perceiving the occurrence process or tracing the causal sequence of a chain of events) (Taleban, 2009).
Among the several characteristics that the new developmental states have [for more details see: (Johnson, 1982);( Leftwich, 2000); ( Chang, 2010); (Evans, 1995); (Chang, 2010); (Routley, 2012);(Johnson, 1982, 1987);(Wade, 1990); (Beeson, 2004); (Routley, 2012); (Haggard, S., Kang, D. & Moon, C. , 1997); (Leftwich, 2000); (Tilly, 1975) ; (Waldner, 1999); (cohli, 2004); (Mkandawire, 2007);(Evans, 2010); (Sandbrook, R., Edelman, M., Heller, P. , 2007)], there are seven features that make a good context for comparing the post-war developmental states in Iran, and are as following:• Developmental elites,
• Developmental nationalism,
• Developmentalist militias,
• Developmentalist beurucracy,
• The semi-autonomous state apparatus,
• The weak civil society,
• and the state capacity of economic resource controls
FindingsThe reason for studying Iran as a new developmental state in the Middle East and in comparison with other countries is the need for understanding it’s state-oriented development process and historical modernization. The Iranian modernization trend since Qajar era (i.e., the mid-nineteenth century) had an authoritarian essence, and Qajar state played a main role in embarking that trend. In addition, Iranian elits have received developmental role of states in contemporary Iran. Furthermore, the critical role of states in Iran during the Pahlavi (1925-1941), top-down modernization, specially during the economic reform-restructuring trend in post-war Iran after the 1990s, are the manifestation of developmentalism on the basis of state agency.
Although some Iranian scholars (e.g., Nabavi, 2011) have categorized Pahlavi I, and II states (1304-1357) as developmental states, and some others have compared Iranian post-war states as developmental states with some similarities with East Asian countries (Delforouz, 2014), this study’s emphasis is on the main features of developmental states, including developmentalist elites, developmentalist beurucracy, and control of economic resources via state, which are the absent circles in contemporary Iran development process.
The absence of above features describe why even with the overwhelming presence of the given trends like Pahlavi’s state-building that has been emerged from dependent formation during the 19th century in Iran, state-building continuity in post-revelutionary Iran, the presence of developmental militia groups, and economic pragmatism of a state owning all the natural resources, yet, a new developmental state has not been flourished, instead we face with the unique formation of beurucracy and authoritarianism that were made during the 20th century in Iran.
Discussion and ConclusionBrazil, Malaysia, Turkey, and Iran are new developmental states models refer to developmental states transferability, international structural context, and historical-global trends. Although, the main features of new developmental states are absent in Iran, international structural context behind these ideal types are more or less the same. Since the 1990s, international trends and contexts like, globalization, the end of Cold War, and East Asian financial crisis have provided necessary conditions for Develomental state Model for transfering to the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America. Thus, the global socio-economic environment changes along with the pressure to the democratization have introduced “Global South” including Iran, Turkey, South Africa and Brazil and others as the new cases of developmental states. On the other hand, the demise of the Eastern Block and entering the Post-Cold War era as a determinative variable have created post-socialist DS in China. Just like former generation of DSes, new developmental states are affected by international determinators and their geographical, social, and historical trends.

After studying the speeches of Ayatollah Khamenei, the Supereme Leader of Islamic Republic of Iran, about the urgancy of using Jihadi management within all fields, the researcher of the presesnt study decided to find a way in order to achive the pioneer media of islamic revolution. Therefore, he tended to create a bilateral relation between madia management and Jihadi management. In the present study, the researcher adopted ranking delphi as research method. Ranking delphi also is clssified within three interrelated and sucsessive phases: brain storming (to achive maximal indicators), narrowing down (to acieve the most important indicators), and ranking (to prioritize the most important indicators). First of all, the characteristics (134 characteristics) of Jihadi media manger identified in interviewing of 21 elites as: media managers, and management and communications professors at the first phase of delphi method. With the most important indecators and characteristics identified in the second phase of delphi method (two rounds) by questionnaire in 3 categories of pentamerous, theire prioritization was carried out in the third phase (two rounds). A questionnaire was used to ranking and by Kendall W coefficient, the consensus of the participants in the panel were measured. The result obtained from ranking delphi method were categorised into three types of characteristics: creativity, qualification and selectiveness, decipline, high motivation, and braveness as the general characteristics; media pioty, having political and cultural insight, being aware of media and its paraphernalia, exploration for the golden point of audiences’ tastes, needs and goodness, and having skills of influencig audience as the media characteristics; and finally, believ in media jihad, insightfulness, God-obidientness, vilayah-centeredness, and sincerity as the jhadi characteristics of media manager.

This research aimed to study comparitively personality traits in prostitute and non-prostitute women in Khorramabad. Using convenience sampling method¡ 18 participants were selected among the prostitute women who were referred to Taranom Maintenance Institute in Khorramabad city. The non-prostitute counterparts were also selected among ordinary women in Khorramabad city. All participants were asked to complete the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R). The data were analyzed by conducting Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANONA). The results showed that there is a significant difference between these two groups regarding the traits such as openness to experience¡ agreeableness and conscientiousness. In other words¡ compared with the ordinary women¡ prostitutes showed lower scores in the traits including openness to experience¡ agreeableness and conscientiousness. However¡ there was no differences between the groups regarding the traits of neuroticism and extroversion.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and personality traits and job burnout among police staff. To conduct this correlational study, 65 police staff at Famenin city police station were selected randomly and were asked to complete Burnout Inventory (Maslach, 1985), Emotional Intelligence Inventory (Sieber Yashryng,1996) and NEO-Five Factor Inventory (McCrae and Costa, 1985). The data were analyzed by conducting Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results revealed a negative correlation between all the components of emotional intelligence and job burnout. The findings also showed a negative relationship between traits such as extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and job burnout, but a positive correlation between neuroticism and job burnout. The results also indicated that emotional intelligence and personality traits could predict 30% of the total variance of job burnout. Consideration of emotional intelligence in the police staff’s employment process could reduce police staff’s job burnout.

The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality traits and marital satisfaction of the health centers’ married staff. To conduct this descriptive and correlational study¡ 107 married staff of Tabriz health centers were selected using convenience sampling. All participants were asked to complete marital satisfaction questionnaire (Enrich¡ 1989) and six factors HEXACO personality questionnaire (Ashton and Lee¡ 2009). The data were analyzed by conducting Pearson correlation and regression analysis. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between personality traits and marital satisfaction. Regression analysis showed that the traits conscientiousness and emotionality are the best predictors of marital satisfaction. Thus¡ according to the results¡ marital satisfaction is closely related to the personality traits.

The purpose of this research was to predict marital conflicts (of divorce prone and normal couples) through personality, psychological and demographic characteristics. To conduct this correlational study, using two- stage cluster sampling method, 320 couples (160 normal and 160 divorce prone couples) were selected randomly. The assessment tools included sixteen personality factor Questionnaire (16PF), and The Demographic Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using stepwise regression analysis (logistic). The results showed that among the personality and demographic variables, six personality factors namely; A, B, E, F, L, Q4, and three demographic variables namely; number of children, age, and couples’ age gap significantly predict marital conflict.

One of the important features of artists that can facilitate or impede the process of creativity is artist''s personality. This study was designed to identify the role of artists'' gender in their personality traits. The study was administered by an ex-post facto design. The population consisted of all artists who were working in the Department of Culture of Azna city in 2014. Participants were 60 artists (30 female، 30 male) who voluntarily participated in this study and completed the scale of HEXACO six personality factors. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that female artists in compare with the male artists are higher at the trait of openness to experience، but there was no significant differences between the groups at honesty، conscientiousness، emotional adaptation، and extroversion. Regarding with the importance of facing with new experiences at art، officials should pat attention to this trait in artists، specially female artists.

The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between personality traits and basic psychological needs in girl students of Shahid Chamran، Ahvaz University. Research population is all of the students of Shahid Chamran University studing in 1392-1393 academic year. Using multistage random sampling method، 180 female students were selected. The instruments used in this study were (NEO-FFI) and Basic Psychological needs (Laguardia، Ryan، Couchmam and Deci، 2000) Questionnaire. The correlation coefficient and stepwise regression were to analyze the data. The results of this research showed that personality traits have main role in prediction of basic psychological needs (autonomy، competence and related). The results also indicated that neuroticism has significant negative relationship with basic psychological needs; while traits extraversion، conscientiousness، agreeableness، and openness had significant positive relationship with basic psychological needs.

Everyone during their lives، especially during adolescence، might sometimes experience concerns about their physical appearance. Some people might experience this concern very severely so that it interferes many aspects of their daily life. The purpose of this present research was to investigate the relationship between body dimorphic concerns and five factor model of personality in students. The research sample consists of 150 guidance students of TAFT schools who were selected by simple random sampling method. The instrument were used in present study are NEO- FFI and BICI. The results showed that there is significant negative correlation between agreeableness and consciousness personality with concerns about physical appearance. The results also revealed that the best predictor variables for body dysmorphic concerns were agreeableness and consciousness personality. Therefore we can conclude that the personality of students is an important factor that can contribute to the development of body dysmorphic disorders.