جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « citizen » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Ensuring public security is always associated with the emergence of mutual violent assaults between police and citizens, during which police officers often face citizens’ behavioral-activist violence. The present research aims to phenomenologically analyze police officers’ experiences of citizens’ activist violence, emphasizing the geography of the city of Sanandaj in Kurdistan Province. 

The present study was conducted based on a qualitative approach using interpretive phenomenology. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 22 police officers who had lived experiences of violence in the city of Sanandaj. Purposeful sampling was used to select the samples, and then data collection continued based on the criterion of theoretical saturation, ultimately leading to a thematic analysis of the information. 

The findings indicate police officers’ narratives of experienced violence (verbal-psychological and at times physical) as a normalization of rebellion in their lifeworld. Most violence in operational units occurs as a result of verbal-physical encounters between police and citizens. Regarding the factors and contexts of violent assaults, 8 main categories emerged: coercive-aggressive responses to protests and gatherings, enforcement of laws and notification-execution of judicial verdicts, structural violence, and distrust in the police officers and authority of the law, lack of structural support, security atmosphere of the province, media modeling, police officers’ weak communication skills. Concerning the consequences of violence, 6 categories were identified and obtained: continuity of rebellion and escalation of social violence, weakening police authority and its social prestige, breaking the taboo of law violations and increasing crime rate, feelings of helplessness, and weakening of the employees and their families’ psychological spirit, erosion of social capital, and reduction of work efficiency.

The results indicate that the adverse economic-living conditions of the people on one hand, the weaknesses in the communication skills of some officers, the poor performance of the judiciary in handling relevant cases, inadequate organizational training in institutionalizing self-control, failure to publicize police actions, and the unfamiliarity of many officers with local culture, the dominance of a security viewpoint among officers, and delayed response to sensitive situations at the provincial level have had an increasing impact on the behaviors and violent assaults of citizens.

How the reciprocal rights and responsibilities of citizens and the government are one of the most essential topics in the soci​al sciences and politics, particularly in contemporary societies. Parallel to the transformation of political and social structures in societies and the emergence of the modern government, the concept of citizenship and the role of the citizen as one of the most crucial social elements in the modern society, as well as the political and social rights and reciprocal responsibilities of the government and citizens, became the focus of social scientists and political philosophers. In this regard, we will analyze the issue of citizenship from the perspectives of Alasdair MacIntyre and John Rawls as representatives of the two approaches, collectivism and liberalism, and compare Farabi's views to these. Farabi's formulation of relations draws people from Medina with the concept of “Ahal al-Madina.” The comparative study of the terms “citizenship” and “citizen” allows for a more accurate comprehension of the relationships between individuals in civil life. In this study, a descriptive, analytic, and comparative investigation of the fundamental components of the concept of citizenship and its related dimensions in the thought of Farabi, Alasdair MacIntyre, and John Rawls has been undertaken. The findings of this study indicate that Rawls and McIntyre have profoundly different views on the framework of the concept of citizenship. However, in certain aspects, such as the priority of the public good over individual rights and interests, Farabi’s and McIntyre’s ideas are similar and closely related.

In the juridical literature of Iran, the necessity of respecting citizen rights by general officers in police stations was foremost noticed in the Law of “Respecting Legitimate Freedom” and “Preserving Citizen Rights” (1382). In recent years, the legislator of Iran has re-emphasized respecting these rights in the Criminal Law 1392. Despite the practical efforts in this field, these laws are still not flawless. Accordingly, this work investigates the laws related to the role of general officers in the Department of Justice regarding citizen right preservations in detail. The purpose is to recognize the pathology of citizen right laws to include them in Police (FARAJA) actions. The work was done in a library approach and the data collection related to the subject, background, and concepts is carried out by surveying books and published articles. Considering that any amendment in law requires the designation of its own damages, this research discussed about the provisions related to the general officers’ role respecting citizen rights in the Law of “Respecting Legitimate Freedoms” and “Protecting Citizen Rights” and “the Criminal Law 1392”. Ambiguity and brevity of law provisions, failure in deciding the performance assurance, non-comprehensive enactment regulations, neglecting to define a strategy to perform some tasks, using redundant terms and expressions, failure to properly clarify the modifications in law literature, and fragmentation in some legal tasks are the most significant issues in regulations related to the officer roles in respecting to citizen rights.

Smart cities utilize technology to enhance the quality of life for their residents. This technology can be applied in various areas, including transportation, energy, safety, health, and the environment. Public relations in these cities play a crucial role in planning, implementing, and evaluating programs that emphasize urban intelligence as a means to promote societal health and well-being. This article is based on a qualitative study, involving interviews with individuals knowledgeable in the fields of smart cities, public relations, and social health. Interviewees represented a diverse range of backgrounds, including government, industry, and academia. The findings of this study demonstrate a close relationship between smart cities, public relations, and social health. Smart cities can contribute to improving social health by enhancing citizen participation, reducing crime rates, and improving environmental quality, while public relations can aid in promoting smart cities and raising awareness about their benefits. Based on the findings of this study, we recommend that governments and private organizations invest more in smart cities and leverage the expertise of public relations professionals to promote initiatives and policies that contribute to social health in smart cities, while also engaging citizens in the planning and implementation of smart city projects.

Crime is a social phenomenon and is influenced by social components. This study was conducted with the aim of the effect of citizens' disciplinary knowledge on crime prevention in Shahrekord. The present research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive in terms of research method and field research (survey) in terms of data collection method. The statistical population in this study was 154120 all citizens over 18 years old in Shahrekord and the number of statistical sample was 383 people. A researcher-made questionnaire with 31 items was used to collect information. To determine the validity of the instrument, the face validity and reliability of the questionnaire were calculated using Cronbach's alpha test of 0.79. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Examination of the hypotheses showed that in the general hypothesis between citizens' disciplinary knowledge and crime prevention with a correlation value of 0.345 and in other hypotheses increased effort for 0.368, increased risk for criminals 0.231, decreased criminal interests 0.458, incited criminals by -0.316, decreased There is an excuse for criminals of -0.278, growth prevention of 0.316, and community prevention of crime with a value of 0.19. The results showed that strengthening public education and thus improving the knowledge of citizens can be effective in crime prevention.

Citizenship rights are a set of privileges and enjoyments that are granted to its citizens in the legal system of a country, by considering the two principles of human dignity and non-discrimination in order to provide the ground for the development of individual and social personality. Which is now mentioned as a fundamental right even in international instruments. The observance of this right requires the recognition and the need to respect this right in the constitution. Therefore, in this study, we explain the rights of citizenship in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran with emphasis on international documents.

The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical which has been done by studying books and articles.

The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, emphasizing the principle of separation of powers and functional independence of power institutions and emphasizing the principles of equality, justice, security, God's sovereignty and ensuring the full rights of the people, is the primary founder of civil rights. And became a group in economic, social, political and cultural aspects.

Explaining and recognizing social, economic, and political rights in the constitution as the rights of its people is one of the requirements of the rights contained in international documents. The right is subject to other regulations.

Cultural citizenship theory oversees and relies on multiple social realities that can also be considered "cultural dimensions of citizenship."

The present study was conducted with the aim of transcending the scores of cultural citizens in the service area beyond the complex.

Using cross-compounding technique, the findings of related internal and external studies were systematically investigated by seven-step Sandoloski and Barso methods. Of the 130 articles searched in this area, 46 selected articles, according to which 68 factors were identified and extracted.

In order to analyze the selected articles, constituent concepts, dimensions and influential components, the content analysis method and the Kappa index, maxqda, were used. At the end of the research findings in the form of 12 categories including: cultural / social, responsibility, citizen participation, citizenship identity, interpersonal trust, media development, following the law, tendency to adhere to laws, social and cultural responsibility, economic situation And social, cultural tendencies, acceptance of cultural capital, classification were presented.

Based on the results of the research, it is stated that taking into account each of the drivers of the cultural citizen and providing the necessary infrastructure for its implementation, a positive step should be taken to improve the services provided.

The main purpose of this study is to answer the fundamental question of whether the observance of civil rights and its dimensions have an impact on order and security (economic, social, political and cultural)? If so, is it positive or negative? To answer these questions, data and information were collected using a questionnaire tool. The statistical population of the study includes people 18 years and older in Babolsar and the sample size includes 390 people. The inferential findings of the present study show the positive effect of all aspects of civil rights on the dimensions of order and security. Findings of regression analysis on explaining the order and security of all respondents have shown that the variables of socio-cultural (civil) citizenship rights (0.388) and economic citizenship rights (0.161) have the highest and lowest effects on the dependent variable, respectively. They have mentioned. It should also be noted that the effect of all variables on the dependent variable is positive. This means that with the increase in the observance of civil rights, the level of public order and security increases and vice versa.

Citizens' Refusal to Command Police Despite being recognized a crime under Article 607 of the Islamic Penal Code, it is carried out daily against police officers. Therefore, the present study, which is a qualitative study, identified strategies and requirements for preventing citizen’s violation from police commands in North Khorasan province. In order to achieve this purpose, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted based on social interpretation and the grounded theory method were applied to analyze the collected data. The solutions presented in this study includes: institutionalizing the culture of legalism in general and adherence to police orders in particular (emphasizing education based on specific education mandate, proportionality of education with socio-economic conditions of citizens of the province, emphasizing on increasing the awareness regarding the nature of work, duties, powers and limitations of police officers and public education; - Discourse making on legalization in general and compliance with police orders in particular; Exposure to crime of repatriation at all times, by all police officers and to all citizens (through prevention From influencing or influencing citizens in the process of enforcing laws and regulations, providing a grammar and instructions for police officers on how to deal with the crime of violation and avoiding extremism in the Islamic forgiveness; Providing context for changing police interactions from nasty and harsh interactions to the positive and lucrative interactions; Enhancing intelligent control equipment; Restoring law to the requirements and requirements; Developing a charter of rights and duties for citizen-police interaction; To pass these courses; It meets the needs of the road.

This paper focusing on Michel Foucault's view about historical evolution on educational systems, aims to explain history of education, in which the relationship of power-knowledge leads to the transformation and creation of break-up points in the history of education. Hence, after examining the formulation of propositions in various formations in disciplinary truth regimes in the five historical periods from 1500 to 2010, surveys the economic, social and political factors affecting these discontinuities. Then, analyzing these discontinuities through analysis of power relations, coincidence and descent of educational systems, the author shows the role of liberalism and its various forms in evolution of educational systems. The result shows that, based on the type of Foucault's genealogy over time in educational systems, as in other parts of the community, the rough punishment and punishment style over time has been changed to some soft and organized forms that not as a rebirth of humanity and freedom, but as an evolution to new forms of educational methods have become more effective and more inclusive, which still have an alienation of affection. What has hitherto prevented the recognition of this history is rooted in liberalism as the political rationality governing that ultimately leads to a process which made children as cohesive and obedient people, and also made education as a commercially viable commodity in the market.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the media advertisements and the consumer confidence (Case study: citizens over 18 years in Ardabil) took place. The purpose of applied research and data collection methodology is survey. The population of this study all citizens over 18 years In the city of Ardabil. To determine the sample size Cochran formula Was used and the sample was estimated 384 people. The sampling Is multistage cluster. In order to collect the required data, the Questionnaire was used. Data processing and SPSS software. Is analyzed. For analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient Used. The results showed that the mass media with There is a significant positive relationship between the level of consumer confidence. Also, the Product placements provincial TV, radio advertising products in the province, Advertising products in social networks and advertising products in the local press There is a significant positive relationship between the level of consumer confidence, but between the Web sites advertising products in conjunction with consumer confidence Not significant.

Security is one of the most important human needs and the main reason for tendency of humans to group living. It seems that in Iran society, especially provinces and cities that face many damages with imbalance development of cultural and economic status, if we leave aside the security created by police and military force, we have bad and unfavorable conditions in the other security dimensions (financial, occupational, judicial, …). Establishing security in the cities such as Izeh has special difficulties. Because the population context of this city is made up of low and weak levels, and since their income rate is trivial and the unemployment rate is high, Izeh city is located in the arrowhead of economic and social pathology due to the above conditions.  Also, in the city of Izeh, tribal disagreements and street ware fare tag-rag have made it hard to maintain the security of the city. But what seems to affect the security of the city is the name of Izeh in the list of Iranian exile cities. In such a way, in the time periods 2011-2013 and 2017-2018, the number of 650 people were exiled from different cities to Izeh city, only in the first half of  2018, 53 people were exiled to Izeh city. All in all, it can be said that Izeh city, due to the lack of growth and economic development, the high amount of poverty, joblessness, tribal conflict and thugs’ conflicts has insecurity conditions and the presence of the exiled people has the role of facilitator in increasing crimes and conflicts so it leads to the reduction of security in the city. According to the above subjects, the significance and necessity of studying the role of the exilic people in the citizen security feeling is determined and the main goal of the research is assessing the rate of citizen security feeling as well as examining the presence of the exilic people and the roles they have in the rate of security feeling of Izeh citizen.

This research is survey in terms of implementation, is analytical in terms of method, and is applied in terms of goal. The number of 384 people from citizen were selected as volume size, by using Cochran formula and by two-step systematic and randomly sampling and method. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire that its validity is assessed by content and its reliability is assessed by Cronbach alpha. SPSS software and statistics tests, T, F, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariable regression are used for statistical analysis.

The findings of the research show that the rate of security feeling in the 5 areas of city is different. There is a relationship between the presence of exiles in the city and sense of security. There is significant relationship among genders, education, and income with security feeling. Also, there is negative correlation between people attitude toward exiles and security feeling but this relationship was not statistically significant. Multivariable regression analysis show that gender, income, education variables and the type of neighbor and the presence of exiles in the neighborhood explain about 10% the security feeling changes in this city. The city selection for exile places has the unfavorable results for this city and one of them is the reduction of security feeling in citizens that unfortunately, legislators pay less attention to it. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that Izeh city was deleted from the list of exiled cities because of its special situation. And considering the present period of communication, exile does not have the former efficiency, other sentences substitute for this sentence. If legislators insist on issues such as sentence, before issuing the sentence, they should think about the criminal’s job and other needs in the exiled places until the criminals for satisfying the needs of exiles. If they want to issue the exiled sentence, they should select a city as exiled place with the less crime and sins not the cities that are exposed to the different types of damages and deviations. Regarding the research theories that define a separate and distinct identity from the exiles and sometimes contrast with native’s identity which leads to separation, disparate and insecurity in these cities. So, it is necessary to do special cultural activities in the direction of coordination and harmony of culture and identity.

Man is a social being and the reality of his social life has begun since the advent of Adam and Eve and continues to this day. The apparent and primordial issue in human social life seems to be the existence of laws, criteria, structures, cultures, and systems that can define their actions based on them. Hence, the need for citizenship education is indispensable at local, national and global levels. Nevertheless, despite the need for universal citizenship education, there seems to be no full coordination between existing schools. In order to explain the contrasts or differences between Islamic schools and pragmatism in the field of citizenship education and its causes, in this paper, education and, in particular, citizenship education from the two schools mentioned have been compared. The present study is a type of qualitative research which has been carried out in accordance with the principles of qualitative paradigm. The required data were collected by documentary method and according to the principle of maximum diversity and the principle of saturation in selecting the documents related to the research topic. Data were analyzed by descriptive-analytical method. The result is that although Islam and pragmatism have distinct characteristics, their similarities in education, including citizenship education, are greater.

Defiance against police forces’ orders based on article 607 of Islamic Penal Code is crime (Article 607: Any form of attack or resistance carried out knowingly against state agents while they are performing their duties shall be regarded as defiance …). So far, the complex of law and disciplines couldn’t curb the crime of citizens’ defiance against police forces’ orders and this crime is done against police officials every day. So, the suppositions of status quo haven’t been in harmony with supposition and the result haven’t met the considered obligations. Defiance as the topic of this study is the criminal action, so the theories related to defiance and the theories related to criminal actions have been analyzed.   To identify the existing conditions, this study, with a social interpretivism approach, has studied the reasons of citizens’ defiance against police forces’ orders in North Khorasan province. In this research, grounded theory has been used to analyze data gathered from semi-structured interviews. To collect data, theoretical and purposive samplings have been used simultaneously. Purposive sampling was used for selecting individuals for interviewing and theoretical sampling for identifying individuals’ numbers and locating required data and finding the path of research. Ultimately, theoretical saturation achieved by 41 interviews in three groups, including police officials (17 individuals), citizenships (14 individuals), and academic elites and experts (10 individuals) and the sampling ended. The interview texts during some stages were encoded. The process of coding in grounded theory includes 3 stages of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding that are needed for touching theoretical model or paradigmatically model.   In the of 41 interviews, the effective factors on citizens’ defiance against police forces’ orders were identified and encoded at some stages. After extracting basic conceptions (88 ones), subcategories (25 ones), and major categories (10 ones), an integrative and convergent model was extracted which enjoys a more abstract level that indicates the main question of the research and the major categories in some factors (casual, contextual, and intervening conditions). Action strategies and consequences were separated in order to achieve a theory based on induction fitted with the condition of North Khorasan province regarding citizens’ defiance against police forces’ orders. Based on the frame of grounded theory, defiance against police forces’ orders was considered as the core categories of this research including instrumental, protest, special and dramatic defiance. Casual condition of citizens’ defiance against police forces’ orders including three major categories, insufficient law and ineffective education (two subcategories: weakness in law and education ineffectiveness), facilitating society of  defiance (two subcategories: acceptance of breaking law in common culture and spreading anger), and erosion of social capital (six subcategories: cynicism for moral sphere of society, the weakness of police professional morality, weakness of citizen morality, duplicity of police, wasting citizen law, and decreasing social trust); contextual conditions  including two major categories of life limbo (tree subcategories: low level of social and economic development, minority anxiety/ authority of majority, and low patience) and insufficiency of infrastructures and equipment (two subcategories: police equipment weakness, and infrastructures inefficiency); intervening conditions including Managing poor interaction scene (two subcategories: repulsive interaction of police and citizens, and the Violations of polite norms) the interaction condition (including verbal and non-verbal defiance) and the consequences of citizens’ defiance against police forces’ orders including two major categories of decreasing law legitimacy (tree subcategory of decreasing trust to Fairness of the law, decreasing law legitimacy, self-allowance against law jurisdiction) and decreasing police authority were extracted from the interviews. Since in North Khorasan province different nations of Turk, Kormanji, Kurd, Tat, Turkmen, Persian, along with the minority of Sunni live with Shia, so the cultural context of province is complex and regulating this province needed much effort and special education and training by police and citizens. This province should be considered as a less-developed province, and in every design and planning, this complex cultural context and the condition of socioeconomic development of North Khorasan province must be considered.

No doubt citizenship is a key indicator for modern societies, and more importantly, citizenship has a wide range of civil, political and social rights and duties that can emerge in the city. Citizenship formulation in Iran can be seen at two levels: "Citizen National " and " Urban Citizen". In fact, the urban citizen's bias towards the desirability of enjoying various urban services, equality in public opportunities, and the utilization of urban amenities and prosperity, accompanied by a set of responsibilities, people's propensity to engage in commitments and engage in city affairs."Urban Citizen" is based on two main dimensions of "Citizenship Rights" and "Citizenship Duties", which is considered in this study among the citizens of Tehran. The method of this survey was questionnaire technique. For this purpose, 2400 people aged 15 years and over in different parts of Tehran were selected using multi-stage sampling method. The results show that 35% of the population in Tehran have a low level of citizenship, and in contrast to 19% it has been high. Also, women in Tehran are more likely than citizens to observe citizenship, single, less than married, individuals Without a spouse, as well as people aged 15 to 24, compared with other age groups, they are less likely to observe citizenship duties. As many years have lived in Tehran, they feel more committed and more committed to citizenship. Therefore, it is understandable that in the urban area, the rights and duties of assignments can not be distributed equally among social groups, and this should be taken into account in urban policy and planning.

For Crozier, the functioning of state as a miraculous man-made set reveals in a realm of power relations, influence and interchanges. When he turns towards state especially the one under whose sovereignty he lives-the French state- begins to talk of the old ways of ruling generate inevitable tensions in social relations. It is here that crozier’s position emerges as a reformist recommending his revolutionary modest state; A state at its citizens service and not ruling them. But is The Leviathan ready to perceive such a role? This is the question we are trying to answer in our article.

In sociologists,point of view identifying is a process that is always being reconstructed and the reconstruction factors socially, historically and culturally are varied. Lifestyle is one of the important components which has a determinative impact on identity belonging. Lifestyle is defined by the choices in daily life. Thus, in spite of traditional society in contemporary society through emerging consuming society, lifestyle and its determination in the other fields including ethical and national belonging has become important .
Lifestyle by creating rethinking, reflective and selective power features for people, has transformed the coherent identities and relatively stable, traditional belonging and has created numerous and diverse resources for creating identity and belonging, obligations, as well as differences.The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between lifestyle and ethical and national belonging of Khoramabad people.
Data was collected applying survey method and questionnaires. 516 people were chosen as the sample using Cochran’s formula.
Findings: Results show that modern style has 0/5 effect on national belonging and -0/21 impact on ethical belonging. Moreover, traditional style has 0/24 influence on national belonging and 0/31 effect on national belonging. Modern lifestyle has more effect on national belonging in comparison with ethical belonging. Also, the impact of traditional lifestyle on national belonging is more than ethical belonging. The structural equation model also showed the GFI fit index of 0.94 and the AGF, CFI and RMR indices also represent a good and acceptable fit of the model. Also, the RMSEA index, which represents the residual values, is 0.047, of which the low value indicates that the model has a relatively favorable fit.
The changes caused by the interaction between traditional and modern systems and their conflicts in Khorramabad have led to the formation of various issues, including identity issues. In short, it can be said that the city of Khorramabad is experiencing a kind of transition that can be rethought and challenged by cultural and identity factors. In fact, it can be said that the changes made by the new lifestyle challenged the traditional structure of this city and left its consequences.

The participation of humans in determining the destinies of their community and decisions related to their lives has always been considered and considered by experts and officials of the city, and now in developed and developing countries, the necessity of active participation and effective social sympathy of individuals Society is emphasized by city managers, but to achieve this goal, one of the tools for realizing citizen participation in urban management is awareness, placement and culture, and hence education of society, hence the achievement of participation by the media due to interference People are in the process of making decisions and equipping people with knowledge The hart is needed in this discussion. The main objective of this research is to investigate and explore the impact of media in public opinion for its use in urban management. Subcomponents such as assessing the importance of media impact among people and managing public opinion, and ways to identify urban management capacities for attracting citizens to urban affairs Follows.

The research aims to study about influential social and economic factors on citizens participation in urban affairs related to municipality among citizens who are older than 18 years and are resident in Shoushtar. It is about citizen's participation dimensions and its factors. Its theoretical literature is based on psychological and sociological perspectives. Research method is survey. Also documents and library sources and structured questionnaire as information gathering instrument have been used. Cluster sampling method has been used and 373 have been determined as population sample by using Cochran formula. Findings show that there are positive, direct and significant relationship between citizen's satisfaction, social trust, feeling of social belonging, and citizen's awareness and income as independent variables and dependent one. On the other hand, the more satisfaction, trust, awareness, feeling of belonging and citizens income, the more citizens participation. The findings approve the different participation between employed and unemployed. Also, the average score of social participation among different classes statistically and based on F test is significant. That is, rate of participation in middle and upper classes are more, meanwhile, the period of residency in city is so important variable so that the more period of residency in city, the more citizens social participation.

Today, for many organizations, customer satisfaction is a concept that is growing its importance. At the same time, the importance of electronic service quality is growing and more organizations operate in competitive, dynamic and changing environment. In such circumstances, organizations pay special attention to improving their quality of electronic services to increase customer satisfaction. The aim of present study surveys the relationship between citizen's satisfaction with the quality of electronic services of iranian traffic police. This study is applied and quantitative method of data collection is descriptive-survey. The statistical population consists of all citizens that use from Iranian traffic police Electronic services that 100 of them were returned and completed questionnaire. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The results showed that between the quality of Iranian traffic police Electronic services (performance speed, completeness, availability, confidentiality, accountability, compensation, to date, the information content and citizen satisfaction) There is a significant relationship. Based on the research ninth hypothesis, there is no significant relationship between the quality of Iranian traffic police Electronic services and citizen satisfaction, and this relationship is less than 95% rejection.