corona

To investigate the role of health news of news agencies in informing Tehrani female students during the Corona period.

The research is applied in terms of purpose and of the survey type, which was used to collect data from a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population consists of all the female students of Refah Faculty in 2023, 273 students were selected by stratified random sampling method. In order to calculate the validity, Cronbach's alpha questionnaire was used from some professors and experts and the reliability supervisor, and the items were confirmed (alpha = 0.93). Regression and ANOVA tests have been used to test research hypotheses (10 hypotheses).

According to the results regarding the age variable, 75.1% of the respondents are in the age range of 20-30 years old and accounted for the highest frequency, and only 0.7% of the female students are over 50 years old. 89% of students are studying at the undergraduate level. About 72.6% of students are single and 27.4% are married. About 76.8 percent of the respondents are not employed and 23.2 of them are employed. 85.3% of students live in Tehran province and 14.7% of students are studying in Tehran. 38.9% of the respondents are studying in their fourth academic year and 13.9% are studying in the first year of university with the least frequency It indicates that the health news of the news agencies in the research variables include knowledge of ways to prevent corona, health behaviors towards corona, nutrition culture, personal protection, timely visit to the doctor in case of corona, use of herbal products affecting Corona, complying with quarantine during the Corona era, changing the shopping behavior pattern from face-to-face to online, carrying out vaccination and raising awareness among Tehrani female students play a significant role, and in other words, there is a significant relationship between the variable of health news of news agencies and other variables of the research.

It should be mentioned that since some of the respondents stated that they are not familiar enough with the news agencies, it is necessary for the news agencies to put appropriate information on their agenda in order to familiarize the people of the society with their mission and social responsibility. Considering the growing trend of informing through different media and the mission of news agencies to produce news content for other media, it is suggested: since the statistical population of this study is only female students; It is suggested to use a larger statistical community in future researches to measure the impact of news agencies on informing the audience. Mixed methods or qualitative methods should also be used to measure the impact of news agencies on informing the audience. The impact of news agencies on informing the audience in other fields, including economic, political, social and cultural, should be investigated. The comparison between the impact of news agencies on different groups of society should be investigated. Considering the importance of information in times of crisis, it is suggested to investigate the impact of news agencies in different crises, and based on the performance and points of improvement, a written program should be developed to make news agencies more effective.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between positive psychological characteristics and parent-child interaction with children's Corona anxiety. The research method was a correlation survey. The statistical population included the parents of primary school students in the 2nd district of Tabriz in 1399-1400. Using systematic random sampling, 380 people were selected and Rashid's Positive Psychological Characteristics Questionnaire, Pianta's Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire, and Corona Alipour's Anxiety Questionnaire were used to collect data. Multiple regression analysis showed that positive psychological characteristics and parent-child interaction can predict the changes related to children's Corona anxiety. Among the predictor variables, except the pleasant life variable, other variables had a significant relationship with the anxiety caused by Corona. Also, the relationship between responsible life, meaningful life, and closeness factor was negative with anxiety caused by Corona, and the relationship between conflict and dependency factor was positive with anxiety caused by Corona.

The coronavirus pandemic has created a socio-economic crisis that has affected the workforce, including those in the informal economy, especially women peddlers. Based on this, the aim of the research is to analyze the lived experience of women street vendors in Tehran subway from the social and economic consequences of the Corona crisis. This research was conducted in a qualitative manner and with a descriptive phenomenological approach. Based on the theoretical saturation criterion, fourteen female street vendors of Tehran subway participated in this study. Semi-structured interview method was used to collect information. In order to analyze the interviews, the Collaizi method was used. The findings indicate that the lived experience of female peddlers in Tehran subway when facing the corona crisis can be classified in the form of five main themes (difficult and fragile living conditions, social exclusion, perceived injustice, job consequences and psychological injuries). According to the results of the research, in order to organize the situation of female peddlers inside the subway, especially in the conditions of the corona pandemic, permanent or mobile markets should be established and areas for their establishment should be built.

The spread of Corona, with emphasis on social distancing, caused social interactions within ethnic contexts to undergo changes in terms of quantity and quality. Based on this, the current research is focused on the phenomenology of the lived experience of Borujerd city Lak-speakers of social interactions after facing the Corona outbreak. The current phenomenological research has used the Moustakas technique to analyze the data. The number of 16 samples was selected purposefully and until theoretical saturation, and the data was collected by in-depth interview method. Collaborative observation (10 field observations) was also used to collect more data. Based on the results of coding and field data analysis, the concept of "post-corona ethnic interaction" includes 8 main clusters, which are: 1) the opportunity to find human agency, 2) the socialization of interaction, 3) the continuity of ethnic members, 4 ) the digitalization of interaction, 5) the scientific-rationalization of the epistemic base of interaction, 6) the purposeful interaction, 7) the hyper-digitalization of interaction, and 8) the appearance of the role of inhuman agency. In general, the threat of Corona has acted as a shock that has provided the opportunity to express individuality for the members of the ethnic community of Lak tribe.

Introduction Corona virus has not only affected the biological existence of man, but also threatened our social existence under the tremendous pressure of medical panic and social isolation. This epidemic has led to massive loss of life and an unprecedented economic, social and cultural crisis, with far-reaching social impacts. Research objectives The purpose of this research is to analyze the lived experience of the citizens of Isfahan about the consequences of the corona virus on their lives and the impact of this epidemic on the reflexivity experienced in this era. Research question: This research seeks to answer the question that What experience do citizens have of reflexivity in the era of Corona and what aspects of their daily life have they reflected and reconsidered? Research method The current research has used the qualitative method of phenomenology.  For this purpose, 30 citizens of Isfahan in different age, occupation and base groups were selected and subjected to in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed using

The research objective is to know the political geography of cyber forces in Persian Twitter and measure their influence in the discussion network during the Corona virus. The question of the research is: Is the fake news published by cyber forces effective during the Corona period and has it been highlighted on Persian Twitter? In this regard, more than four million tweets have been extracted and analyzed and interpreted. By identifying cyber forces in 11 clusters and analyzing their network, the prominent presence and influence of cyber and fake forces in the clusters: monarchists, fundamentalists, the MKO, Irfan-Halkha, the cluster of supporters of Imam Mahdi, and the cluster of the oppositions were determined. The results show one of fundamentalist clusters that with the presence of 80% of cyber forces, it is generally identified as fake and the other cluster is in a critical situation with the presence of more than 40% of these forces. In sum, according to the findings of this research and according to the network centrality indicators, cyber and fake forces have penetrated to the depth and core of each cluster in almost all clusters, and we are facing a public domain infected with fake cyber forces in Persian Twitter.

Although the corona crisis was apparently only medical in nature and related to the health system, it was actually a multidimensional phenomenon whose effects and consequences can be traced in various fields, including media and news reporting. This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the role of Corona in the evolution of news and technological activities in Iranian news organizations in the future. To achieve this goal, a qualitative method was used in two parts, including conducting a semi-structured interview and also studying the role of employees in Iranian news organizations in the post-corona era. The statistical population consists of media managers and communication professors. The findings of the research show that the increase in the speed of content production, the tendency of the audience to use capsule information, the death of official media due to the development of social network platforms, the phenomenon of influencers and their news authority, the use of artificial intelligence, and the use of the Internet of things, and augmented reality, reduction of print media, reduction of face-to-face communication content, increase of superficial content and expansion of podcasts, widespread use of new technologies in the field of news, widespread access to people's information and its analysis and processing facilities, information compression, turning each person into a separate source of information, transforming business models from traditional to digital, and producing and publishing high-scale content as the most important developments in the content produced by news organizations, especially from a technological perspective in the future are considered.

The purpose of this research, which was carried out using quantitative content and theme analysis, is to identify the overt and covert messages of Corona infodemia (on rumors and fake news) published on social networks (WhatsApp and Telegram) in 1400 in Iran. Based on the findings of this research, five overarching themes have been identified in the Corona infodemic content in these social networks, which are:Seeking national superiority;Media bias against countries;Coronaphobia;Normalizing and injecting hope;Discourses related to religion and tradition. Most of the rumors and fake news (44% of the total sample population) are placed in the "media bias against countries" category, where 72% of the content of this section was against Iran. A total of 225 fake news and rumors have been investigated. In another classification, 43.1% of fake corona news and rumors were political. The experience of the spread of Covid-19 in an era when politics has become a media, showed how political competitions rely on false symbols and meanings and the production and distribution of fake news, are drawn to the arena of social media. Producers of fake news intentionally and distributors participate in this competition willingly or unwillingly.

The purpose of this article is to study the lived experience of the journalists’ interpersonal and social communication quality. Due to the implementation of preventive measures during the outbreak of Corona, the special characteristics of human life affected the individuals’ communication in different ways and created novel experiences through new changes in the daily life and human interactions. The journalists with the highest level of human communication were selected as the statistical population. This article uses the interpretive phenomenology and the semi-structured interview method in order to understand the deep meaning of these experiences. The study field of the research includes the journalists in Tehran, and the sample selection continued until the theoretical saturation of the data with 21 journalists. Finally, the open, central and selective coding was done based on analyzing the interviews to identify the related categories and concepts to the role of preventive measures in the journalists’ interpersonal and social communications; two categories were counted in interpersonal communications including “challenge in personal and family relationships” and “mental and psychological changes” and three categories were realized in social communications including “challenge in social interactions and distance from society”, “challenge in mutual social understanding” and “reduction in social cohesion”. The findings indicate that there has been a “reverse turn” in the journalists’ interpersonal and social communications compared to the normal condition and has actually generated serious challenges for the journalists in terms of interpersonal and social relations.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the economic consequences of Covid-19 on the lives of housewives in Tehran. The statistical population of the study included all housewives in Tehran, of whom a sample size of 267 was studied. In the present study, theories related to economic consequences as well as theories related to lifestyle were used, and a specific conceptual model was designed to explain the subject under study. In order to test this model, a survey method and a researcher-made questionnaire were used, and data collection was carried out through face-to-face interviews with the study subjects. The reliability and validity of the measurement tool were estimated to be satisfactory. Lifestyle and its dimensions were considered as the dependent variable and the economic consequences of Covid-19 as the independent variable. These dimensions were evaluated through multiple regression analysis and path analysis. Multiple regression analysis showed that the independent variables of physical distance, economic relations, and economic-economic base were able to predict 37% of the changes in the dependent variable. In addition, the results showed that the variables; Physical and mental health, leisure time, and consumption patterns performed well in predicting the consequences of COVID-19. Also, the path analysis of the research model showed that the size of the direct effect of the economic consequences of the coronavirus outbreak on lifestyle was 0.587, which is considered a good effect. In general, in addition to increasing the costs of purchasing health supplies and medical expenses for those infected, the coronavirus was associated with more purchases of toys for women with young children, but in addition to increasing costs, reducing the costs of parties, restaurants, etc. were also benefits of reducing costs due to the coronavirus.

Ever since humanity became familiar with communication technologies, it tried to use these devices to advance its goals, with the advent of the Internet, this raging flood took us with it and made people more powerful day by day, and when natural and unnatural crises Massive internet campaigns begin to take place. With its emergence, activism has gained a new meaning and definition. With the spread of the Corona virus and the creation of long-term quarantines and people's distance from each other, we have witnessed the first role of social networks in providing information about the crisis. The most important goal of this research is to identify the themes of actions and activities of selectivists (virtual fans) during the Corona crisis in Iran by using exploratory interviews with qualitative content analysis method. Corona, as well as understanding the perceptions and ideas of the current situation using selectivist measures and activities (virtual fans) related to this disease shows the importance of this research. By conducting interviews with 10 experts on the dimensions, it was examined and the coding of the interviews was done, and then, based on a certain process, the lowest level of phenomena were extracted from the text, and by categorizing the basic themes and summarizing them into principles The analysis was continued more abstractly and separately in the form of organizing themes. Finally, 16 basic themes and 3 organizing themes were extracted.

One of the very important consequences of the Corona epidemic was the intensification of social stratification and the reproduction of social inequality through the stability or instability of employment. Many jobs have been affected by the conditions of the corona disease and have had different experiences in job stability. Job stability means that the employee can play a role in his job role and use his job capital despite the presence of some pressures. Job stability shows itself in the form of no change in job, increase in working hours, remote work, online sales, business boom, etc. It seems that businesses with higher job capital are more stable and flexible in the face of economic and social crises. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between job capital, job stability and the reproduction of social inequality in the Corona era. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted among Iranian workers and 1250 people were interviewed. The findings show that during the Corona period, businesses that had higher job capital had higher job stability, and were less exposed to job loss and job injury, and in this way, they had an impact on stabilizing and intensifying social inequality.

As the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds, social media platforms have become a primary forum for the expression of a extensive range of thoughts, sentiments, and attitudes. This research examines Persian-language social media content associated with the pandemic to achieve a detailed comprehension of societal behaviors and attitudes amid this extraordinary circumstance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the emerging patterns and behaviors of trust-building within social networks during the COVID-19 crisis.  Sentiment analysis in social networks and the way people share their opinions, views, feelings, and attitudes— through posts, tweets, and other textual content— can shed light on the social patterns of trust towards message sources and news authorities, especially in times of crisis. 

Methods and Data: 

The study conducted a content analysis of social network data through a two-stage clustering method. The clustering findings were scrutinized through the lenses of risk and crisis communication theories, as well as effective communication principles to assess the trust levels within each cluster. 

Given the pivotal importance of a culture of trust in the acceptance or rejection of messages, the trust index was examined across the clusters. The findings indicate that messages disseminated and circulated through Instagram and news websites are considered trustworthy within each cluster. 

The results demonstrate that the dissemination of COVID-19-related information by health authorities can foster positive trust within society. However, the level of trust in the health sector is somewhat lower compared to the socio-cultural sphere. For the dissemination of health-related information, the use of non-political language is recommended. 

Key Message: 

The findings indicate that content shared through Instagram and news platforms proves to be more influential. Additionally, social activists significantly contribute to either strengthening or undermining the audience's trust in content. Understanding the social patterns associated with trust experiences in times of crisis, where contradictory information abounds, is essential. This understanding can offer strategies to manage similar crises and aid to enhance societal resilience.

The Corona virus in the world has forced millions of people to quarantine at home and caused anxiety. The main objective of this study was to study the effect of socio - economic covariates by controlling demographic and health covariates on corona anxiety in Naghadeh. Using Proportional stratified multi-stage sampling 384 women and men over 20 years old were selected and a 24-item CPDI questionnaire was completed for them in the fall of 2019. Then, data were analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling in Amos Software. Accoridng to the results, Corona anxiety was more for Turkish people than Kurdish ones, for families with low and medium monthly expenses than those with high ones, and for people with low and medium assessments of the future situation than thoes with high ones. People whose family members were not infected with Corona, used Internet and believed that Corona had little effect on their family compared to those whose one of their family members were infected with Corona, didn’t use internet, and emphasized family disputes had less anxiety. Also, by increasing economic insecurity feeling, the Corona anxiety increased.

The increasing use of the Instagram social network and its impact on communication and interactions has created new opportunities in the use of this network for the representation and social actions of all people, especially celebrities. On the other hand, with the outbreak of the Corona endemic, this communication tool has been used more in order to disseminate information and empathize reduction of the damage of the disease. The current research was conducted with the aim of knowing how Iranian celebrities use the Instagram social network to raise awareness and health-oriented communication with their audiences in the era of Corona. According to the objectives, the research method is qualitative; after collecting the content of the messages posted in the user accounts of 15 celebrities, the data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results of the current research have shown that the five main categories (topics of interest to famous people in representing and sharing with their audience on the Instagram social network) in order of importance are: following protocols, warning and regretting, informing about the experience of Corona, creating hope and empathy with the medical staff.

Sports is not only an individual activity and helps physical health, but it is also a kind of social phenomenon that affects different aspects of people’s lives. Pandemy of corona virus has led to serious changes in many aspects of people’s lives. The main goal of this research is to examine the role of radio and television in the development of sports culture at home in the era of Corona. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of implementation. The statistical population consists of all the citizens of Tehran. The sample size was estimated using the Cochran formula of 384 people who were selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and the collected data were analyzed using the statistical tests. The findings show that radio and television plays a role in the field of education and creating the necessary cultural platforms for sports at home and then creating excitement and appreciation. The results of the research hypothesis test also show that in the development of sports culture at home, radio and television plays an effective role according to gender, health level, residential area, weekly free time and financial status, but according to the level of education, occupation, age, daily free time, Customs, number of family members and marital status do not play an effective role.

The aim of the current research was to examining obstacles and solutions for the development ofpublic sports in the Corona and post-Corona eras in Lorestan province. This research is applied to the purposeof applied research, from the viewpoint of exploratory data and from the research methodology to data type ofthe foundation and cross-sectional survey. In the qualitative section of sports activists, they were considered as aresearch community. Using a targeted snowball method by conducting 9 interviews, the researcher hasidentified that the information gathered has reached saturation point. The statistical population of the researchin the quantitative section was composed of 100 people by all sports activists. Based on simple randomsampling, 80 people are selected. Qualitative data analysis showed that point of view of the interviewees in 13components, barriers to public sports in 16 components, solutions for the development of public sports in the eraof Corona in 23 components, obstacles to the development of public sports in normal or post-corona conditionsin 15 components and The solutions for the development of public sports under normal conditions werecategorized into 19 components. In the quantitative part, the data obtained using Friedman's test showed thatthe most important effects of Corona on sports are "closure of sports clubs and venues"; The most importantobstacles to the development of public sports are "the closure of recreational centers, swimming pools andpublic centers"; The most important solutions for the development of public sports "Promotion of public sports".

Analyzing the content of the news and the way it is presented is very important since media can affect public opinion in so many ways. This study is aimed at analyzing the news coverage of the Covid 19 in Iranian written Press to find out about the differences between the ways different news media in Iran cover and report the news about Covid crisis during three time periods, from March to November 2020; and the lexical items that emerged or become frequent in the media after the crisis. The corpus has been built by crawling the websites of 6 main Iranian news media that are believed to be close to the three main political factions of Iran, namely Fundamentalists, Reformists, and Moderates from March to November 2020. The results show that “war” and to be specific, “Imposed War” or “holy defense” act as the nodal point in the discourse of “Corona War” in Iran. Words like sepah (corps), Basij, Jihad, fore front, health defenders, health martyrs, enemy, defeat, etc. are prominent in this discourse. Corona virus is represented as an inauspicious virus that can be used by the enemy against Iran, and Iran must defeat the enemy conspiracy. In this discourse, the words “America” and “Trump” are always very frequent. This representation of “Corona War” in Iran is more emphasized in Fundamentalists newspapers during the first time period in this research. Pre Corona, Post Corona, Corona phobia, are some of the neologisms in Persian after this pandemic.

The corona virus epidemic in Iran, like other countries, led to the closure of schools and implementation of virtual education. Elementary school students needed their parents’ help to use virtual education, especially the first graders who had no experience with school and curriculum. This responsibility was mostly undertaken by mothers, who were supposed to take on the roles of both a teacher and a mother. The narratives of this group of mothers in Kerman City were examined using a qualitative approach and narrative-research method. Data was collected using narrative interviews and analyses were done through a thematic analysis method in MAXQDA. Five main themes were found, which represented the narratives of mothers about the lockdown. These themes were incomplete support of those around you, the burden of the role, the exhaustion of mothers, the problematic nature of children in virtual education, and extra-educational merits.