جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « critical theory » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

The idea of ​​the Islamic revolution, by proposing concepts such as resistance in the regional arena and expanding it in the theoretical field of international relations, in criticizing arrogance and the domination system, presents a message based on changing the existing oppressive international structures and explaining the desired order. On the other hand, in the fourth debate on the knowledge of international relations, there are several approaches that emphasize the change of international relations and take a critical direction against the current situation. Among these, we can mention the "Frankfurt critical school" with the topics of culture industry, hegemony, liberation, etc. Considering the need to develop theoretical knowledge, the aim of this research was "a comparative study of anti-domination ideas and strategies in the Islamic Revolution and the critical theory of the Frankfurt School". Based on this, the main question has been proposed as follows: "What are the points of commonality and difference between the Islamic Revolution and Frankfurt's critical theory in the design of anti-dominion ideas and strategies?"The present research was carried out in a descriptive and analytical manner, relying on library information, and using a comparative approach to compare the components extracted from the aforementioned two theories, this hypothesis was presented: "The idea of ​​the Islamic Revolution in delegitimizing domination and drawing a just and moral horizon in The international level has approaches similar to critical theory; But with the difference in meta-theoretical foundations and the nature of theorizing, this thought enters multi-level operational action, moral appeal, internal strength, multilateralist balance, resistance and deterrence against the system with multiple actors and different tools with the strategy of negating oppression and realizing a just international peace system. Also, due to the civilizational attitude in the Islamic revolution, the desired order based on divine socialization has serious differences with the international moral system in critical theory.

Examining jurisprudential texts shows examples of women's rights that are less known in customary norms and legal sources. This is despite the fact that after the victory of the revolution, the adaptation of the laws to the rules of Islam and the realization of the material and spiritual rights of women were emphasized in the principles of the constitution. However, the examination of customary norms and legal articles shows their incompatibility with Sharia rights and as a result, women's rights are violated in the society. This article tries to introduce the reasons for this gap. For this purpose, 30 women living in Tehran province, who had a history of married life, were interviewed using the purposeful and theoretical sampling method, and the findings were analyzed with a critical grounded theory approach. Finally, 11 key categories were extracted, among them "the hegemony of the male-centered collectivist culture" and "the culture that governs the couple's family" as background conditions and "men's exclusivity", "women's lack of demands" and "inappropriate interactions between couples" were identified as the causal conditions of this gap. The main concern of the interviewed women was "conflict of asserting rights and maintaining stability or peace in the family" which was influenced by the intervening conditions of "expenses and expansion of patronage", "social disturbances" and "characteristics of the couple". Actions of "compliance or non-compliance with the violation of rights" lead.

Alienation has been one of the most important philosophical and social concepts since Hegel’s time, which has been somewhat diminished in recent times. Based on a philosophical and social approach, Rahel Jaeggi in her book takes back the history of alienation to Rousseau’s thought and criticizes his and others’ essentialist approach, arguing that alienation should be surveyed in the context of concrete social relations. In this view, alienation appears when the human relationship with others, including the roles who have taken on, are disrupted, or as Jaeggi stated, they are placed in the “Relation of Relationlessness”. It is clear that man does not have a separate and independent nature from society and its relations and roles until that can be used as a criterion for evaluating the situation of human alienation. Therefore, although social roles and collective relations sometimes lead to human alienation, at the same time, social interactions offer capacities and possibilities for human liberation, and therefore escapement from alienation should not be sought outside the society and its relations.

The new social movements (NSMs) are important phenomena that have been studying within the different fields of social sciences. Criticizing the established order and modernity's identity issues are some main features of NSMs. They create deep links between economic and cultural matters. From this viewpoint, NSMs are important subjects of researches drawing from critical theory. This article deals with the roots and roles of NSMs from the perspective of critical theory. It argues that NSMs are outcomes of persistent dominance relations under modernity and capitalism, while trying to eliminate the new mechanisms of exploitation and oppression.

Criticism is a natural and humane phenomenon, and it originates from his willing to freedom. Thought is the mental moving from the base to the result and visa e versa. And this action is subject to evaluation and criticism. In the past, all the scholars have tried to criticize and it caused knowledge to develop and promote. Self-criticism in religious and mystic domains has had a high position. Anyway, Critical Thinking is a new phenomenon which appeared after Dogmatism in the West, especially after Marxism. What is important in criticism is that the critic must be familiar with the thinking principles of the writer, and also, he should discover the thinking domains of the society where the author lives so that he can be a good critic. Frankfurt School is well-known in the field of Critical Thinking, and most of the authors in this field were belonged to this school. In Critical Thinking, the most emphasis is on the internal criticism based on the objectives of the text or the institute. Presupposition is also very important. As a result, the criticism of standard and standard of criticism are two main criteria for critique.