جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « evolution » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Generally architecture can be considered as a dress of life size, and naturally a dress should be provided accordingly proportionate with any quality of life. Therefore, it should be expected the quality of architecture undergoes shifts in accordance to the quality of life change. Transformation in lifestyle during different historical periods and the direct relationship in the forms of housing provide the possibility of investigating the impacts on the house in different historical periods. This research aims at studying the effective factors on the change of the spatial organization in Tabriz houses through the study of the lifestyle change in the contemporary era. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The first part of the research deals with library studies, review of literature, and the second part is related to the field studies and examining the samples in Tabriz from the early revolution and contemporary periods. Finally, the data obtained from interviews and questionnaires that determine the impact of lifestyle on physical structure. The results showed that lifestyle change has a direct impact on the structure of the houses and lack of knowledge and studies in this field has caused that the houses are not suitable for the users' lives in recent years.

 The education symbolic order has been a field for various semantic conflicts to articulate different policy actions to bring about change. In this article, we used discourse analysis, which in addition to having a theoretical aspect, is also a research method, to investigate these semantic conflicts in the policy texts produced during the presidency of Hashemi Rafsanjani or so called the “Construction periodˮ. Economic development, construction and rebuilding of the devastations of the imposed war, provided a space for new semantic conflicts in the field of education system, which was in order to realize gradual changes in goals, content, structure and programs of education and sought to confirm meaning of change and evolution signs in education, intertextuality with signs of development plans. These signs found semantic stability through policy texts and policy actions such as the first and second development plans, generalities of the new secondary education system and related regulations such as the new secondary school curriculum regulations, exam regulations, guiding principles in middle school, "parvareshi" regulations and etc. Credibility and availability of the above signs also linked with the emphasis on the need to stabilize the signs of construction and development, and became a metaphor in the field of policy texts.

Medicalization is the process by which human conditions and problems come to be defined and treated as medical conditions, and thus become the subject of medical study, diagnosis, prevention, or treatment. In this process, biomedical science is used to explain social harms and provide ways to eliminate and prevent them. Cesare Lombroso, an Italian criminologist and physician and founder of the positivist school of criminology in the 19th century, was one of the pioneers of the medicalization of crime. Lombroso suggested that criminals are distinguished from noncriminals by multiple physical anomalies. In this article, we try to examine the process of medicalization of crime in his works. In the first step, we show that the basic premise of his research is based on Lamarck and Darwin's theory of evolution. He believed that the characteristics of criminals indicate an atavistic origin, that they reproduce the physical-psychological conditions of their distant ancestors. In fact, crime is a symptom of the primitive instincts that lie in the criminal, and criminals are a manifestation of returning to a primitive or subhuman type of human beings. His method at this stage was using phrenology and anthropometry. In the second step, we show that his method is based on model of thinking and reasoning in medicine. Lombroso tried to provide criteria for distinguishing criminals from normal people according to normal and abnormal in pathology.

The entrance of modernity into Iranian traditional society had a major impact on changing the mentality and social status of women. Because of the undeniable relationship between literature and society, this article investigates the evolution of the Iranian woman's mentality in dealing with modernity, relying on Persian novels. For this purpose, two novels "Black Times" and "Ziba" have been selected from the early years of the 14th century. The confrontation of the female characters of these two novels with modernity is compared with the confrontation of the female characters of the novel "Night One Night Two" written in 1974. women play a central role in these three novels so by analytical and descriptive comparisons it can show, in the authors' view, what has changed in the fifty years of the Iranian woman's mentality towards the components of modernity (based on Giddens's theories). To this end, the female personality in the face of the components of education, women's social presence, male and female equality, women's individuality, humanism, secularism and anti-tradition in the novels have been compared and investigated.

Strengthening religious, social, and national rituals and occasions and transferring them from one generation to another is a mission placed on the shoulders of the authorities of the society's official and unofficial organizations and institutions (family). Considering the wide dimensions of societies and diversity of occupations, expertise and as a result diversity of attitudes, the proper organization and implementation of rituals and ceremonies which are part of the most important cultural tools, are affected by various approaches which sometimes distort the functions and cultural effects. Therefore organizations and institutions in charge such as municipalities, radio and television, press, police officials, the ministry of culture and Islamic guidance, and the ministry of education, as well as the ministry of cultural heritage, handicrafts, and tourism are responsible for providing information and attracting voluntary participation with relative intervention in this field. In the present study, an effort has been made to provide practical research for the proper implementation of rituals and ceremonies. For this purpose, in the present study, while reviewing the related literature, a theoretical framework was designed, then hypotheses were presented and tested experimentally. The statistical population of this research included young people aged 15 to 29 living in 22 districts of Tehran. The sample size was equal to 400 of these people selected based on sampling methods. The final results of multivariable regression for the joint effect of independent variables on improving the implementation of rituals have shown that the total of independent variables used in this research could only explain about 19 percent of the changes in the dependent variable and the rest of the changes will be caused by other variables that have not been investigated in this research. Also, these results have highlighted the importance of socialization in improving the implementation of rituals more prominently than other variables.

As an enthused group in the late Umayyad period, the Abbasids sought to mobilize their resources in the engagement with the ruling dynasty by presenting a new ideology, viz. the so-called Summon System, and undertook significant actions in enticing anti-Umayyad elements to bring them under the unified patronage promoted by the slogan “al-Riza min Al-e Muhammad.” The book “The Rise and Fall of the Abbasids (132‒324 AH): A Research into the Structure and Evolution of the Ideology, Economics and Military Institution” is an authored work by Mohammad Ahmadi Manesh, published by the SAMT Publications in 2018. The author has fittingly organized the book in the two sections of “A Historical Inquiry” (consisting of eight chapters) and “A Theoretical Inquiry” (comprising two chapters), producing a worthwhile work. The present article attempts to review the volume, pinning down and examining its strengths and shortcomings. At any rate, as a result of the lack of due care and laxity, the volume suffers somewhat from occasional shortfalls, among them being the choice of the title “The Fall and Down…,” and a series of points that are made in the Introduction but are not reflected in the text, not to mention the author’s failure to address the complexities involved in the Abbasid rule and to adopt a holistic approach to their rise to power, particularly in Khorasan.

The Family Is An Important Social Institution That Is Of Great Importance In Different Societies And Cultures. The Importance Of The Family In Human Communities Stems From The Important Functions That This Institution Plays; But The Characteristics Of The Family Are Different In Different Societies. In This Article, Its Features In Islamic Thought And Model And Western Thought And Model Have Been Studied. The Main Question That Has Been Raised And Studied In This Field Is What Are The Functions Of The Family In Islam And The West And What Are The Differences Between Them? The Present Article Is A Descriptive-Analytical And Examines The Question Using The Library Method. The Results Of The Research Show That The Institution Of The Family And The Effective Factors In Its Upbringing And Its Strength Are Among The Topics That Have Been Seriously Considered In The Teachings Of Islam. In Islamic Thought, There Are Many Moral, Doctrinal And Devotional Advices That Adhering To Them Strengthens, Educates And Strengthens The Family. Therefore, The Family Has A High Status, Honorable Status And A Special And Special Position And Has A Deep And Wide Contribution To The Progress And Development Of Human Beings. In Western Thought, Satisfying Sexual Needs Is Socialization Is One Of The Most Important Functions Of The Family, But In Islamic Thought And Model, Providing Spiritual Needs, Generation And At The Same Time Providing Sexual Needs, Strengthening And Development Of Human Beings And Preventing Functional Chaos. The Family Is In Islam, Which Has Placed Much Emphasis On The Spiritual, Spiritual And Social Dimensions Of The Family Compared To The Western Model.

Common sense realism and scientific realism are two metaphysical thesis. The former accepts the existence of the observable entities of common sense knowledge and the later accepts the unobservable entities necessary for the well-established scientific theories. Common sense realism and scientific realism are defended or rejected by some philosophers with reliance on the evolutionary approach. Studying these arguments shows there are positive evidences to the advantage of both subjects; realism and anti-realism, But skeptical consequences of evolutionary approach to science is a source for a new idea to specify science and to develop the scientific epistemology. In this article، in addition to investigating the above local reasonings to the advantage of Van Fraasson's evolutionary explanation will be adopted for science and scientific epistemology growth on the basis of specifying evolutionary; the third position which between realism and belief in miracle is in specifying the success of science. In this approach, the evolutionary approach, the production of resistant and abiding models is the main goal of science and philosophy and the scientific realism is also one of the abiding models.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between seven components of women's lifestyle (sleep, omega-3 intake, exercise, sunlight, and socialization, using cyberspace and using traditional media) with their mental health according to an evolutionary point of view. The statistical population included women over 18 years old living in Shiraz in 1398-99, of which 182 women answered the questionnaires by sampling. Lifestyle questionnaires and Hopkins syndrome were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using two tests of Pearson correlation coefficient and regression coefficient using SPSS-26 software. The results showed that in general, omega-3 consumption has a significant Curved linear dual relation with mental health. Among the subscales of the Hopkins sign, sleep also showed a significant positive relationship with somatization and obsessive-compulsive disorder. It can be seen that women's lifestyle has a great impact on their mental health, their children, and maintaining the physical and mental health of the family. Promoting a lifestyle that is more in line with women's evolutionary past is a more plausible perspective that can improve their mental health.

There have long been two theories about the creation of the universe: the “fixity of species” and the “transmutation” or “evolution of species”. “Fixity of species” means the separate creation of each species, and “transmutation of species” means the creation of all kinds of creatures as a result of the evolution of the preceding species. The theory of evolution of species is very old, but it was extensively debated after Charles Darwin’s hypothesis of evolution in the 19th century. Meanwhile, using the prevailing political and intellectual climate, various schools misused Darwin’s theory in pursuit of their goals. Materialist schools, too, sought to describe Darwin’s theory as a confirmation of theism by fallaciously distorting it. It is essential to provide a true explanation of the theory of evolution based on the viewpoint of its original designer, and thus, various critiques of this theory and its existing interpretations have been presented. Martyr Ayatollah Morteza Motahari with his specific and deep thoughts, has innovatively and helpfully revealed the Darwinists’ fallacy and shown that the theory of evolution in Darwin’s opinion, cannot be explained without a supernatural factor, described by Darwin as “Divine Breathing” and “supernatural active power”. Using the descriptive analytical method and explaining Darwin’s viewpoint, this developmental research explores the causes and consequences of its distortion and draws directly on Darwin’s works to show that Darwin’s theory is fundamentally at odds with the current atheistic Darwinism.

The Book of rise and fall of the third chimpanzee: how our animal heritage affects the way we live, written by Jared Diamond is one of the best works in linking the evolutionary biology and cultural complexity of human societies. The author attempted to search for many of the social behaviors of modern humans in inherited biology from ancient ancestors of humans, and has been very successful in this regard. Perhaps the only disadvantage of the book is the lack of updating its content, a subject that has been criticized. In this article, the author attempts to express the contents of a book and, in some cases, update it in cases where more recent discoveries than the time of writing the book have been confirmed by some writers.

Inthisresearch, we haveattempted to demonstrate the cours,evolution and contradiction in the socialThoughts of Abu-reihan. Although Abu-reihan has not dealt with to the social issue so that we can study his thoughts in a single collection, we encountered some of his thoughts by the study of his works especially “the work of Albaqieh” and several esseys as well as the study of social and political conditions during his time. Unfortunately, the shortage of recoursces in this case was noticeable due to the research metod which is in library one. Abu-reihan was under the influence of different thooughts of his contemporary and presedantthinks such as Plato,Ibn-Almoskouye,Zoroaster, Tabieyan, andmysticism. The evolutionalthoughts of Abu-reihan is exactthe same as that of Darvin. Which considers a long period as a circle or period in the universe -and a corruption close to the Spenser–so that the element contrast is crucial in/from the comprehension to the act as well as the element unity?Abu-reihan considers the natural evolution without the supernatural effect and spritual evolution to the alchemy knowldgeas well as mysticism which have been touched by Indion culture. Also, as for the life struggle debat,preservation of favoured races of his thoughts are a preface on the Darvin and Spencers.

This study aims to analyze dynamics of population evolutions and its economic consequences using system thinking approach. The study attempts to propose a model to utilize system thinking and dynamic system modeling in order to analyze economic dimensions of population evolutions. To identify key demographic variables and its consequences, content analysis of 201 papers published in Journal of Population Studies during the period of 2005-2014. System dynamic is a technique for modeling complex and nonlinear systems. Hence, a dynamic model was employed to indicate the casual relationships among identified variables. Results indicated that birth rate, death rate, migration, population aging, fertility rate, urbanization, and life expectancy have important role in predicting some economic variables such as labor, employment, GDP, income per capita, consumption, tax, savings, and budget.

One of the most important issues of psychology is the emergence of mind and its evolution. Mulla Sadra solves the issues of evolution of mind from material to abstraction, the stages of mind, and the unity of mind-body with the help of his special philosophical principles such as the principality of existence, a doubt about it, substantial motion, and the motion of essence of material. He believes that the emergence of mind is bodily and its survival is spiritual. Based on the principle of substantial motion, he also proves the motion in the substance of things, unlike his predecessors who believe that the motion is only in the symptoms. The present research conducted by the descriptive-analytical methodology concludes that the bodily material goes through the evolutionary stages of existence with its substantial motion. It means everything in it that is potential converted into actual to get to the edge of material and abstraction. Then it passes the material world and evolves in the linear stages of existence. This evolution gradually approximates the mind to the abstraction and in this stage it does not need the body for survival. The existential capacity of mind is associated with its capacity of science and is united with the abstract reason in the essential evolution.

The present research aims at an empirical investigation of the stages of evolution in belief in God in children and juveniles based on Nowdhari’s theoretical research (2012) and was conducted through a cross-sectional method. The components of belief in God in this research are as follows: knowing God, knowing the meaning system, faith emotion and faith commitment. The research data were gathered through clinical method and a semi-constructed individual interview with 198 seven to seventeen years old students (males and females) in Qom selected through random classification, and were scored by five experts. The data were investigated through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The findings showed that as one’s age increases, his level of belief in God also increases. Besides, based on the obtained results, the course of evolution in belief in God in children and juveniles has the following stages: undifferentiated sense of faith, learned conceptual faith, first-level abstract faith, complete abstract faith.

Women's covering is an important issue that has close relation to political, cultural and economic issues of each society. In our society, until now the major attentions to the issue of veil have been paid within the framework of minor social relationships and hardly viewed as a general and major issue of society at the level of development and expansion. This paper, by regarding the concept of political, cultural and economic development on the basis of revelation, examines the place of woman at the level of development of society in various thoughts. Then, by emphasizing her presence in this level, represents the implications of this kindof presence. 'Evolutional modesty' is one of the most important of these implications which is regarded as satisfactory of some part of developmental needs of Guardian System (nizame wilayah).In this view, 'veil culture' is the basic principle and, in accordance to it, the kind of veil finds its meaning and case. So, at the level of social evolution and development, 'the veil culture' which is the same as 'developmental modesty', spreads and there has been social planning and structuring for it.