جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « function » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

The main axis of the armed forces is the command. Therefore, the commanders in the armed forces must have the main characteristics necessary for command. Based on this, evaluating their performance, especially based on jihadi management style, can provide the necessary feedback about their strengths and weaknesses and also improve their performance. Therefore, the general purpose of this research is to design and explain the performance evaluation model of the commander of the major ground forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army based on jihadi management, which two sub-goals were determined to achieve.

The method of collecting information is field and Library. The number of experts was 15 and the sample size was 54. This research is of applied type and was done with descriptive method in two stages: In the first stage, the dimensions were identified through the qualitative findings from the interviews and their coding using the content analysis method and Atlas T software version 8 in 6 steps. In the second stage, quantitative findings and interpretative structural approach were used in five steps to model the evaluation pattern.

The measured dimensions include: Jihadi spirit - personality - subsistence - command - specialized performance - foresight - interactions - follow-up - insight - security - productivity and employee satisfaction. the dimensions were categorized and classified in 5 levels.

Jihadi spirit was determined as the most effective and productivity, social interactions and employee satisfaction were determined as the most effective dimensions and Factor.

The aim of this study was to design a performance model for female police officers during the corona.

The present study is a qualitative data type in terms of purpose, development-application and research method. The statistical population includes 12 female police officers who have worked in different parts of the police force. With at least 10 years of experience, they had a master's degree, and sampling in a non-random, targeted manner continued until the opinions of these experts reached saturation point. The interview data collection tool was open. The results of the interview were analyzed using the data-based method and using Maxioda software.

After conducting the interviews, 45 initial codes were identified and content themes were identified using the category review process, as well as frequent changes in the category titles and the relationship of the categories with the subcategories. Causal conditions including organizational factors and rewards, background conditions including job-related factors, strategic factors in both individual and organizational sections and consequences in both individual and organizational sections were identified.

The results showed that in order to improve the performance of female police officers in Faraja, paying attention to the underlying issues along with eliminating disturbing variables, one can hope for the future of female police officers through appropriate strategies.

The current research was carried out with the aim of designing a higher education model using the approaches of internationalization and validation. Research

The participants of this study included 20 experts, professors and researchers in the field of higher education, who were selected through purposeful sampling and then interviewed in a semi-structured way. The data was coded with the help of MAXQDAv2020 Software, and to validate the research model, Strauss and Corbin’s acceptability indicators were used. Members’ observation and researchers’ self-review were used as the research tool.

According to the findings, the most important institutions influencing the internationalization of higher education included macro policy-making institutions, intermediary institutions for policy implementation, executive institutions, executive policy-making institutions, and programmatic policy-making institutions. Also, the most important functions of these institutions in the internationalization of the higher education were the functions of policy making, regulation, facilitation and service provision.

According to the results, in addition to the structure within the universities and higher education, the institutions and the entire environment outside the university were also involved in the direction of internationalization. Therefore, internationalization will occur when the institution of the university along with the whole country and the system move towards internationalization with serious determination and will, policy, program, document, law and vision. Moreover, the role, function, and relationship of each of these institutions should be determined so that the right step can be taken in this direction

The purpose of this study is to identify the dormitory life opportunities of male students in Farhangian University. The qualitative research method is descriptive-ethnographic. The study population was all students living in the dormitories of Shahid Mofateh Shahr-e Rey Campus and Shahid Beheshti Higher Education Center of Tehran (750 people) in the academic year of 2019-2020, from which 41 students selected. Data were collected through participatory observation and in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed by content analysis. The results of this study indicate that the most important dormitory life opportunities identified as suitable functions of the dormitory are: familiarity with the skills and experiences of others, academic achievement, the development of social relationships and friendships, the development of a spirit of cooperation and discipline, the competitiveness of activities, the need to interact and being patient, dealing objectively with the realities of life, experiencing a more orderly life, increasing adaptation, strengthening patience, feeling more independent, learning to save, financial independence and economic maturity, getting to know ethnicities, religions, culture and the customs and traditions of other cities, and the tendency to practice religious.

Culture is considered one of the most complex concepts of social sciences, which is often explained in an analytical perspective, in the middle of a range of prescriptive and descriptive approaches; The mentioned duality has been considered as a starting point for cultural theories and has left an important impact on criticism and politics in the field of culture. Culture in the social theory of Muslims takes into account both descriptive and prescriptive aspects along with each other. This article is based on the theme analysis method in line with the concept of culture in the thought of Imam Khomeini (RA), while analyzing all his statements about culture, it uses the three stages of analysis, interpretation, and integration of the text. The research results show that there are four overarching themes including "the importance and function of culture, definition of culture, typology of culture, and strategy of culture" in explaining the concept of culture. Based on this, in the eyes of the Imam (RA), dependent culture is considered to hinder the growth of people and youth, which will be condemned to depreciation. On the other hand, one should achieve Iranian-Islamic culture while being aware of the corruptions of the West and confronting the vulgar Western culture by using its cultural advantages. Therefore, the most important development in the society is related to the field of culture, in order to achieve this goal, while purifying the culture from westernized people and purifying it to righteous (Iranian-Islamic) people, first of all, cultural self-confidence must emerge in the people, and secondly, art and media must be in opposition to The decadent culture of the West should be reconciled with the culture of Islam and Iran, and thirdly, while paying attention to the gradual transformation of culture, a kind of convergence should be created between the people, the media and the government.

This study explores the belonging to a place in the new town of Andisheh after three decades. This town has gained a higher population among four new towns around Tehran, which was a reason why it was selected as a case for the study.The methodology of this study is based on inquiry, and 385 questionnaires were randomly distributed and completed on working days in public spaces of the area such as in parks, at doors, and in local stores. The analyses were performed based on expert opinions, and the questionnaires were quantitatively analyzed by using SPSS software. The correlation analysis method indicated that there is a significant relationship between objective and objective factors on the one hand, and belonging to a place on the other hand, and many of the indexes had significant relationships with spatial attraction (a combined variable of the questionnaire’s three main variables). Further, they showed that the new town of Andisheh has an improper position in terms of correlation and social interaction. In the readability and clarity of passages and intersections of the town, there were no specific features for the residents. Furthermore, the index of neighbor interaction was investigated for social interactions. However, half of the participants stated that they were not willing to leave the town.

Protecting and spreading religious beliefs is an ultimate goal of performing Ta’ziye (in remembrance of the martyrdom of Imam Hussein and his companions) in Iran, a ritual that includes several other structural elements, including music. In existing researches on the subject, influenced by the above approach, none has considered the use of music essential for this ritual and its participants. The current paper tries to study the purpose of using music during Ta’ziye and its impact on the people participating in this ritual. The concept of function as proposed in the basics of ethnomusicology has formed a theoretical framework for this study. As such, the data was collected through a field study and library sources and assessed using the content analysis method. The findings show that all functions of music mentioned by Merriam applied to Ta’ziye. The findings further suggest that the use of music by an individual or group may act contrary to the actual musical functions of that activity. In this article, Khansar Qudjān Ta’ziye has been taken as a case study to show functions and dysfunctions of music during this religious event.

Dovecotes are among the most important native buildings of Iran and Turkey. Their importance in the rich culture of the two countries cannot be overemphasized. In Iran, Isfahan province has the most dovecotes, and they belong to the Safavid and Qajar periods, and in Turkey, Central Anatolia has the most and they belong to the Ottoman period. Iranian dovecotes were built only to produce fertilizers to enrich agricultural lands; however, in addition to fertilizer production, Turkish dovecotes were used for the production of meat and gunpowder, which were sold to European countries too—in Iran, for religious and cultural reasons, hunting doves was not common and their meat was not eaten. Turkey is one of the countries where a significant number of dovecotes have been built in different types. Since the construction of these dovecotes was almost simultaneous with the emergence Iranian dovecotes, a comparative study of them in terms of distribution pattern, function, antiquity, and architectural features seems necessary. Thus, the most important research question is what the similarities and differences between Iranian and Turkish dovecotes in the last few centuries are. In addition, the purpose of this study is to investigate the importance of these buildings in Iran and Turkey with regard to political, economic, and geographical relations in the two regions and determine their role in various aspects of economic, cultural, and social life. The results show that environmental conditions have played a significant role in the establishment, diversity of form, materials used, and the purpose of building dovecotes in the two countries. Turkish dovecotes are square, rectangular, or with a circular or oval base (two parts, below and above the ground) and are made of stone or brick in rocky cliffs and away from farms. But Iranian dovecotes are generally brick, larger than the Turkish ones, and are designed in the fields of the plains and along the rivers, in circular shapes and in some cases rectangular (Golpayegan, Khansar, Khomein and Miandoab).

Today, landscape of many ancient desert cities has destroyed, despite having natural contexts and integrated patterns resulted from human actions and natural environments as settlement. Discoloration of sustainability and resilience foundations, emphasizes the need to recognition and application of the concepts governing the structure and function of ecological networks and the patterns of social-ecological systems interactions, which has been reflection of the ecological wisdom principles in the urban planning process. This study aims to recognize ecological wisdom principles in the landscape of desert cities in the format of hydraulic structures in Yazd city. In present comparative-inferential study, the ecological wisdom is explained and it's principles are inferred, while analyzing the subject literature, using documentary method and study of written sources. Based on field studies, and inference of structural, functional, and management criteria governing the historical hydraulic structures in city of Yazd. The examples of ecological wisdom principles in ancient hydraulic structures have been studied in three scales of macro, mezo and micro. The results indicate that ecological wisdom has provided basis for creating ecological networks and urban landscapes sustainability, by creating composition, configuration, communication and functional diversity of patches and mixing corridors in the hydraulic structures networks in Yazd city.

According to its most famous definitions, jurisprudence is based on the science of expressing and deducing judgments on their reasons, and the sources of jurisprudence and the textbooks of this field of humanities have not left any effort in expressing religious judgments and their reasons, but have proven experience. Due to the fact that the rulings are applicable in a variety of social and historical conditions, it is feasible and viable. Reasons alone are not enough, and the reason for the sentences and method of its implementation is significant, but unfortunately in the jurisprudential works, especially the Shiite jurisprudential works which include being afraid of divorce from divine commandments and falling into the trap of analogy and tastes, little has been done on these two categories. This research tries to increase the efficiency of the sources of jurisprudence and the strategies of the studies in this field and the need to address these two categories and the consequences of neglecting them in the sources and texts of jurisprudence. The present paper makes an attempt, through examples and actual examples as two important strategies, to increase the efficiency and outcome of jurisprudential texts and, at the same time, to highlight the damage of extremes in the methodology and causality of sentences.

University, as one of the main and most influential social institutions in Iran, has become the best place for promoting societal education by providing a place for people with different interests, tendencies, ethnicities, and cultures. It can play an effective role in promoting the societal security of the country under various functions such as nurturing sensitive, responsible, specialized, and committed people. The present study is an applied exploratory research that is carried out through a combined method to identify the functions of university in promoting the societal security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. First, in the qualitative section, research experts were interviewed. The results of content analysis and coding of interviews identified 91 indicators. The indicators, then, were categorized in the form of 10 dimensions of educating a responsible citizen, reasonable and possible normalization, cultural (living to understand judgment and persuasion), establishing a safe society, innovation, participation, economic (providing an understanding of the purpose of economic endeavor), ethical education of the society, critical thinking, and awareness. In the quantitative section, based on the identified dimensions and indicators, a questionnaire on the functions of university in promoting the societal security of the Islamic Republic of Iran was designed and distributed among 170 specialists and experts in the field of research. The data collected in this section were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the pattern of university functions in promoting societal security fits well with the data. The present study emphasizes the role of university functions in promoting societal security in the mentioned dimensions.

The National Innovation System as a systematic approach to innovation includes elements and communications that interact with each other to produce, disseminate and apply new and economically beneficial knowledge and operate within the borders of a country. The National Innovation System approach, which encompasses the various institutions and functions involved in the scientific and technological development of countries, is one of the most appropriate approaches to analyzing the state of science, technology and innovation and providing comprehensive policies and strategies to foster innovation in the country. The purpose of the present study is to extract the main features of the national innovation system of Iran that is used to achieve this by a systematic combination of research methods. The results show that weaknesses in policy making, monitoring and evaluation system from policy making to implementation, governance of national innovation system, facilitating and directing research and innovation activities, research and development, entrepreneurship, human resource development, technology diffusion Negative features of Iran's national innovation system were facilitating, directing, and financing research and development activities and gaps between actors in the national innovation system. And the positive features of Iran's national innovation system include quantitative development (academic development, human resource development, developmental and applied research, and young and talented researchers).

One of the social issues in the field of women and family in today's Iranian society is the growing trend of women's celibacy. Celibacy, including elementary celibacy (girls who fail to get married on time for any reason, especially between the ages of 18 and 29, this process, if extends to the threshold of 45 and according to some views until the age of 49, is referred to in the customs of demographers as definitive celibacy); Secondary and late celibacy (women who have been released from marriage after one marriage due to divorce or death of their spouse and have not been able to remarry despite desire and readiness) are caused by many personal and structural causes and factors and have harmful effects and consequences at individual and social levels. Considering the sacred status of marriage and the formation of a family in the dominant religious discourse of Iranian society, delay in the age of marriage, especially long-term delay and definite deprivation of it from both men and women, and the preference of celibacy, in the absence of justification, conflict with the existential philosophy of the family in the value system of Islam with special functions. Demographers, for other reasons, consider women's celibacy in large circulation as prablomatic and pathological, and consider social cultural policy-making and planning to reduce and modify it inevitable. This article seeks to describe, interpret and explain this issue theoretically, with a focus on Iranian society after the revolution, by referring to the statistics, studies and researches conducted. The method of this study is in the position of collecting documentary information and as an analysis and explanation, deductive and inferentative .

This research was done with the aim of the effectiveness of functional family counseling with an Islamic approach on the conflicts between teenagers and parents and the attitude toward parents and with a quasi-experimental method and pretest-posttest design with a control group and a follow-up phase. Twenty families (including fathers, mothers, and their teenage boys) were selected in the city of Isfahan by the convenience sampling and they were randomly placed in two test and control groups. The data were gathered by the questionnaire of teenagers' attitude toward parents and the scale of conflicts between teenagers and parents. Then, the data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measures. The findings show that functional family counseling with an Islamic approach decreases the conflicts between teenagers and parents and improves teenagers' attitude toward parents (P<0.05). In addition, comparing the results of the posttest and the one-month follow-up phase indicates a sustainable change and continues improvement in the test group. This research concludes that functional family counseling with an Islamic approach has a positive effect on the conflicts between teenagers and parents and teenagers' attitude toward parents.

The main objective of this research is to explain the components of social capital affecting the performance of municipal employees (case study in 22nd district of Tehran). The research is based on the purpose of the applied and data-gathering method of descriptive-correlative research. The statistical population of the survey was all 797 employees of Tehran 22nd district of Tehran. Based on Morgan's table, the sample should be 260 people. A total of 280 questionnaires were distributed and 267 questionnaires were returned to the researcher in full. The data collection in this research was done through a standard social capital questionnaire and job performance questionnaire. A social capital questionnaire has 21 items with structural, relational and cognitive dimensions. A job function questionnaire with 44 items was used. Regarding the use of standard questionnaires and with the approval of supervisors and counselors, the validity of the tool is formal. By distributing 30 questionnaires between managers and experts and the results obtained with final Cronbach alpha for social capital of 0.806 and final Cronbach alpha For job performance 0.894 Confirmed. The results of the t test at the 95% confidence level indicate that the status of the social capital and job performance of the employees are above the average. The results of Table 3 show that the beta coefficient relates to the components of str

The course of scientific developments of universities and higher education institutes has led to the emergence of community-based universities, with an approach of effectiveness and enjoying stable societal functions in society. The purpose of the university’s stabilizing function is societal security. The present study is carried out through a combined exploratory method aims at identifying ways to enhance the university’s effect on the societal security of the IRI. In the qualitative section, the scholars in this field were interviewed. 88 indicators were identified based on the results of content analysis and interview coding. The indicators were categorized within the following 7 dimensions: “Teachers as Architects of Knowledge Teaching and Responsible Life”, “Student Education with the Purpose of Creativity and Continuity of Order”, “Academic Space and Environment as the Most Important Place for the Manifestation of Societal Relations,” “Efficient and Satisfactory Management”, “Education of citizenship rights and responsibilities”,” Research on new issues through a new way” and “Promoting of forbearance and justice-seeking culture towards a safe and sustainable society”. In the quantitative section, a questionnaire was designed based on the dimensions and indicators identified, and then distributed among 170 experts in the field of research. The data analysis results indicate that the most important strategies for the university’s effectiveness in promoting the societal security in the 7 aforementioned dimensions are: “The formation of scientific communities in the university”, “Review of the system of recruitment and promotion of lecturers based on the importance of civic activities and the provision of social services”, “Consideration of the social and civil activities of students for their promotion to higher levels of education”, “Rethinking the institutional values of the university”, “The relationship of education with the practice and needs of the community”, “Conducting interventional research in the field of social harms” and “Establishing compatibility between the university and the surrounding community”.

This research is to identify the positive and negative role of virtual social networks in the development of civil society in Iran and the using rate of each one among civil activists in Tehran. This research was of a qualitative and quantitative mixture, and the research method was deep interviewing and scrolling. The results of the Research show that interviewers determined 12 functions: communication, news, promotional, educational, mobilization, campaigning, replacing official media, strengthening the social power of institutions, transparency, streamlining, networking and measuring public opinion, and 10 dysfunctions: inaccurate news, information overflow, massive virtual mood, conversational bubble, celebertization‏, the existence of false correlations, conflict in cyberspace and recede from Real civil activity, the destruction of the privacy of civil activists, the dominance of virtual participation, and the means of presentation and self-expression, for the role of virtual social networks in the development of civil society in Iran. Of these, civil activists have mentioned communication, news and educational function as the most functions of the social networks and messengers and function of public opinion, transparency and networking, as the least functions among civil activists in Tehran. They also have mentioned Incorrect and rumored news overflow information and bubble conversation as the most dysfunction and self-expression and celebertization in cyberspace as the least dysfunctions.

The objective of this paper is to analyze and explain the physical features and human aspects of technical artefacts in social changes with referential emphasis on converging human enhancement technologies. In this line, three approaches to technical artefacts as a social agency are studied and analyzed, i.e. essentialism, social constructionism, and dual nature theory of technical artefacts. On the basis of the functional interpretation of the theory of dual nature, attempt has been made to explain the following contention: realization of function of technical artefacts is subject to taking into consideration the role of social agents (including the user). Hence, if the users of a convergent technical artefacts, belong to a society other than its designers, they can determine a function for that technical artefacts compatible with their own objective, although its realization will become restricted to the objectives of its designers (for instance through the structure and physical features of the target product).

This article analyzes the implications and consequences of private sector participation in Iran higher education and tries to study it from the perspective of the functions and dysfunctions of Experts. The statistical population is 75 of experts and survey method and questionnaire tool were used to collect data. Quantitative data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software. The findings suggest that the contribution or participation of this sector in the form of non-governmental non-profit higher education universities and institutions, have brought different functions and dysfunctions. Among the aforementioned functions, social and cultural consequences and implications had the highest rating and then, educational, financial, organizational and administrative, and scientific and research outcomes have the next more important rating respectively. In addition, the participation of the private sector has also dysfunctions, such that negative consequences in scientific-educational, social and cultural affairs can be noted as dysfunctions.

National Innovation System (NIS) approach, that consists of different functions and institutions regarding scientific and technological development of countries, is a good approach for analyzing science, technology and innovation and proposing comprehensive policies and initiatives for enhancing innovation in a country. A review of Iran’s status at innovation indices reveals that we have a relatively bad position regarding our region countries and our Vision 1404 goals. Management of technology and Science and technology policy experts always look for an opportunity to express their views and suggestions about improving innovation and technology development status. So, we held panels with these experts to explore their views and experiences and suggest some policies for addressing science and technology challenges. In this report, we first have look at Iran’s science, technology, innovation (STI) and economic indices, then, based on "National Innovation System" approach, describe Iran’s NIS challenges and propose some policies and initiatives for removing barriers.