جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "informal settlement" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

After several decades of planning to improve the quality of life of citizens, a significant share of city residents is still unable to meet their needs. Meanwhile, informal settlements can be considered as a clear example of environments with a low level of social development, whose residents face many problems and limitations. Therefore, in this research, the indicators of social development have been questioned through a questionnaire from the residents of five informal settlements in Hamedan city. The investigated variables are categorized into five factors “social interactions”, “economic power”, “local services”, “service distribution” and “citizenship right” with the help of factor analysis model. Also, the evaluation of factor scores in the investigated neighborhoods shows that the arrangement of the neighborhoods was based on the level of satisfaction of the residents with social development, including Manochehri, Mazdaghine, Khezr, Hesar, and Dizaj. In the following, with the help of the linear multivariate regression analysis model, the weight of the five factors in realizing satisfaction with social development has been calculated, and the economic power factor with a weight of 0.429 shows the greatest impact. The research results show that the first priority of social development is related to the “service distribution” factor in all neighborhoods. Next, the priority of social development for Hesar and Dizaj neighborhoods is related to the “economic ability” factor, for Khezr and Mazdaghine neighborhoods, it is related to the “citizenship right” factor, and for Manochehri neighborhood, it is related to the “local services” factor. Therefore, the main strategy that can be placed on the agenda of urban managers will be to create balance and justice in the distribution of services and infrastructures in Hamedan city.

Violence against women is a significant global public health issue that affects women throughout their lives and increases the risk of various adverse health outcomes. This research examines the experiences of 20 married women living in the informal settlement of Al-Timor, Mashhad. It explores various types of domestic violence, the context and consequences of spousal violence, and the victims' reactions and coping mechanisms. Four general types of violence were identified: physical, emotional and psychological, sexual, and economic violence. Regarding the factors contributing to violence at home, the women studied cited gender norms, emotional breakdowns, addiction, mental health issues, and economic pressures. According to the interviewees, the consequences of violence include ongoing conflict and tension between spouses and the negative impact of the husband's behavior on children, including emotional and psychological harm.Regarding how women cope with violence, the findings indicate that those affected often adopt passive responses such as endurance, relying on religious beliefs and trust, and concealing or ignoring the violence. Active responses, such as seeking reciprocity, engaging in dialogue with their spouse, and attempting to address the situation, are rare.

In the past few decades, the rapid growth of internal migration in the country has caused the demographic composition of the cities to be disrupted and the population of suburbs to increase every day, and the consequence of this issue in its pathological form has been overpopulation, the formation of cultural conflicts in the new way of life, unemployment, and various social problems. Regardless of the pathologic approach to the development of suburbs, the important issue is how these communities can survive despite economic, social, and cultural tensions and problems and what are the mechanisms that contribute to the resilience of such communities? This study aims to investigate the mechanisms and strategies used by the residents of suburbs in order to analyze the consumption patterns of families living in Azizi town of Quds city.

  The present study uses ethnographic techniques such as participant observation and interviews to gather information. The time spent in the field to gather the data was 18 months, but because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the presence in the field has not been continuous. During this period, thirty-two families living in Azizi town along with owners of local enterprises were interviewed. The criterion for continuation of these interviews was theoretical saturation. During these interviews, sensitive theoretical concepts such as the context of individual actions, resilience, and local rationality was used and by focusing on consumption and how daily needs are met, the consumption patterns of families were studied. The extracted texts from the interviews were coded using thematic analysis.

The results show that given the economic and cultural conditions of the field of study, the management of the economic consumption pattern in the studied families has been influenced by social components such as social network support in various ways, intelligence in choosing the type of store or purchasing methods, purchasing based on acquaintance, roaming for optimal purchase, and relying on installment and credit purchases. All of these components indicate that a particular form of local rationality based on collective resources and capital prevails in the studied community, which does not necessarily have a particular form of rationality in the face of instrumental rationality, and does not provide a theoretical perspective for understanding and interpreting the decision-making and mechanisms of economic actions of individuals in the studied community. The residents have intelligent behavior in life due to their daily environmental limitations and use various strategies to meet their needs. It was concluded that local resilience in such communities is the result of collective resources and capital. This means that the residents of these communities’ benefit from available resources, especially social networks and collective capital, to meet their needs. It seems that the existence and use of such strategies help maintain the informal settlement areas, while attraction of such areas will increase the flow of migrations to the suburbs, and this can lead to the emergence of new issues.

Quality of urban life is considered a major area in urban studies in different countries and attention to its multiple social, environmental and economic dimensions has been enhanced due to its role as a key component in urban management and planning and, in general, determining the extent of city livability.Quality of urban life is an effort to provide appropriate and accessible urban services to all in the context of sustainable development. Informal suburban settlements are areas whose pace of physical development and socio-economic prosperity is not in line with other urban areas and the quality of life in them is at a low level for various reasons. These settlements generally lack the adequate basic infrastructure of urban life and the residents of these areas do not have a satisfactory quality of life compared to the formal districts of the city. The objective of this study was to compare the perceived quality of urban life in families living in informal settlements with residents of formal areas of Mashhad. To accomplish this, the theory introduced by "Lee" on four dimensions of economic, social, environmental and physical components of quality of life as the basis of sustainable urban development was used., a sample of 630 heads of households in the twelve districts of Mashhad were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The results show that the overall average of the quality of life index is 2.90 in the range of one to four, but there are differences between the two groups. The residents of formal settlements compared to the residents of informal settlements have a more positive assessment of the quality of their urban life in the three dimensions studied condition (Mean 3 versus 2.74 respectively) they. Comparison of general indicators of social dimension (social solidarity, sense of place attachment, informal participation in the neighborhood affairs, sense of family well-being and sense of security in the neighborhood) indicates the same assessment of both groups of respondents. It is only the informal participation in which residents of informal areas have a more positive assessment of their quality of life. The results indicate that there is relationship between the degree of development of urban areas and people perceived quality of urban life.

The rapid growth of informal settlements has many negative consequences for cities and urban management and has caused a decline in the quality of life of the residents of those areas and the residents of Urmia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the quality of life of residents of informal settlements in target areas in the city of Urmia.

Using   cluster   sampling   method, four settlements   of   Islamabad1, HajiPirloo, Islamabad2, and Tarzilo were selected as the target areas. Data analysis was performed using Excel, Spss software and  T-test.

The average general quality of life of informal settlements of Islamabad2 and HajiPirloo, based on the Likert scale, at an average level of 1<3.06 ,2.92<5, and Islamabad1settlement with an average level of 2.77 below the average level and Tarzilo settlement has been evaluated with an average of 3.22 in the average range with moderate theory 3 and urban regeneration policies have had a moderate and favorable effect on the quality of life of the target areas except Islamabad1 settlement.

One of the important tasks of urban planners and city managers is to identify inequalities in quality of life indicators at the level of disordered neighborhoods. Because urban planners believe that planning should be in line with improving the quality of life as one of the most important goals of public policy. In fact, the results of the work help to improve the organization of deprived areas of the city and create equal opportunities for citizens and improve the level of factors that affect residents' satisfaction with the quality of life.

The general purpose of the present research is to assess societal security and identify the level of vulnerability in the informal settlement of the “Koshtargah”.

The present research is of descriptive-analytical type and is of applied nature. The information has been collected in two ways: documents and field. In this research, societal security is considered as an independent variable, while economic, social, environmental and physical, cultural and political dimensions are considered as dependent variables. The statistical population of this research is the residents of “Koshtargah” neighborhood. According to the statistics released by “Statistics Center”; 15,000 people lived in the neighborhood in 2016. The sample size is based on Cochran's formula and 374 people are randomly selected. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts, and the reliability of the questionnaire was also confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test with a coefficient of 0.706. Data analysis has been done quantitatively and qualitatively. Single-sample t-test, Friedman, Spearman's correlation and Kriging method were used to evaluate the data.

The results show that according to the location data, the damage rate in the middle part of the neighborhood is higher than other parts of the neighborhood. Given the analysis of questionnaire data, the economic dimension with an average of 2.67 is in an undesirable situation compared to other dimensions. According to the results of Spearman's correlation test; economic, social, environmental and physical, cultural and political dimensions have a significant and direct relationship with societal security. Based on the results of the present research, societal security in “Koshtargah” neighborhood is at an average level. According to the results of the Friedman test, the economic dimension ranks last among other dimensions that require the urban management to pay more attention to it.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact that Land Ownership Laws have had on the appearance and taking shape of informal settlements. After the 1979 Iranian revolution, laws were enacted that, fueled the expansion of the informal land and housing market through confiscation and expropriation of some urban lands, and by creating uncertainty and ambiguity about the ownership and legal entitlement to Waqf (charitable endowment or bequest for public benefit) land and waste lands. With the start of the Iran – Iraq war in 1980 and the necessity of resettling the displaced people, under the influence of the revolutionary slogans of support for the disadvantaged and the dispossessed coinciding with changes in the laws pertaining to the ownership of land and housing, this informal market grew ever more. In the following decades, with the changes in economic policies and the removal of low-income people from the urban planning system and the lack of access of low-income groups to housing, these informal settlements increased in such a way that by 2015, about 11 million people were living in areas occupying 62 thousand hectares of land. This research is conducted following historical-adaptive methodologies presenting a mixed empirical/secondary literature review design, where three settlements of Nasimshahr (Akbarabad), Shahrquds and Khak Sefid neighborhood are compared. The findings show that these settlements are formed as a result of demand for housing amongst the lower income groups of the population, taking advantage of the uncertainties and ambiguities within land and property laws. Although informal settlements allow their residents to benefit from the economic and social advantages of informality in the beginning, as these settlements shift towards official markets and as the pressure from new settlers increase the original settlers either lose the benefits that living in the informal settlements bring to them or are prevented from upgrading their neighborhoods by the new land and housing ownership laws.

Lack of attention to the structural features of informal settlements by advancing partisan-based solutions in dealing with this urban problem is increasing the scope of problems in these settlements day by day. The metropolis of Tabriz, as the most important population center in the northwest of the country, is one of the cities that has faced the problem of informal settlement. The aim of this study is to identify the challenges of the Akhmakiyeh neighborhood as one of the informal settlements in Tabriz. The research method is descriptive-analytical and in order to analyze the data, the questionnaire, and t-test, Friedman, and correlation tests were used. The research data was collected using library studies and field research and the sample size was 378 based on Cochran's formula. The indicators determined in this research are "physical", "social", "economic", and "infrastructure", respectively. The results of data analysis and questionnaires showed that Akhmakiyeh neighborhood was lower than average in terms of structural features (physical, social, economic, and infrastructure) and the highest level of satisfaction of residents of Akhmakiyeh neighborhood of Tabriz among The studied components were related to the social component, followed by the "infrastructure" component, the physical component, and finally the lowest satisfaction related to the economic component, and in general the residents' satisfaction with the structural indicators of informal settlements. It was not the same. Other findings showed that there was a significant and positive relationship between infrastructure quality and economic quality of the Akhmakiyeh neighborhood.

the issue of the emergence of informal settlements in Saveh is one of the important subjects of urban management and this has been affected by the establishment of Kaveh Industrial City. Establishment of an industrial city in the development and rapid growth and attraction of immigrants from all over Iran, especially the villages of Saveh and neighboring provinces of Hamadan and Kermanshah has played a very important role in the spread of this phenomenon. Urban and industrial Tehran, Arak and Isfahan, especially the capital, has attracted a large population. Also, based on the selected theoretical framework and game theory in Saveh, marginalized people resort to various techniques and methods to survive and stabilize their neighborhood. They play with the official policies of urban management, action and reaction. The actions of the actors towards each other cause them to progress in each stage and enter the next stage, but the end of the story of integration is within the scope of the comprehensive and detailed plan of the city. Finally all slum neighborhoods in the main body of the city will enter and accept by urban management's.

In this study, various methods and techniques included of field observations, participation in local community events, interviews with key informants, negotiating with local city managers and meta-analysis of consultants' studies, group discussion, and finally surveying among marginal residents Have used in  the target area. findings; researchers While studying the emergence and expansion of marginalization, have classified and identified various forms of marginalized neighborhoods in Saveh in the form of five models of emergence and expansion.

The city of Saveh has faced rapid growth over the last half century, an important part of this growth has been due to the phenomenon of migration and the formation of informal settlements in the four corners of the city. Researchers presented and classified five typologies of marginal neighborhoods around the city. This typology is based on the knowledge and description of problems in the research field. All community areas as an informal settlements of Saveh in one of the five models (emerging, integrated, with moderate conditions, critical condition and finally areas with special conditions). Due to the different social and physical conditions and distinct   these neighborhoods, the approach of urban management should not be a single version for all neighborhoods.25neighborhoods are in one of the four stages of immigrant arrival, the formation of social cohesion with tools such as building religious affairs, the entry of urban services and infrastructure, and finally the full or partial recognition and accepted by urban organizations and institutions.

It seems that these 4 stages are connected in a chain and according to the game theory, the marginalized people play with the official policies of the city management and the actions and reactions of the actors towards each other cause them to progress in each stage and enter the next stage. It can continue until the end of the integration story within the master city plans.

Security is one of the basic needs of human beings and the prerequisite for a healthy society. To that effect, social sustainability factor is one of the factors which could contribute to helping various individuals and groups achieve public interests such as security and security feeling in urban environments. The present study is aimed at investigating the role of sustainability in the security of urban neighborhoods and also to assess the factors effective in social stability and security in the two neighborhoods: "Jolan" (conventional neighborhood) and "Hesar" (informal settlement) from the perspective of neighborhood residents.

Descriptive-analytical research method and texts reviewing methods, visual documents and references were used in the library's studies. Case study method and observation research method have been used in the platform of field studies, as well as questionnaire were the tools used in the research. The statistical population is two groups of neighborhood residents. In this study, cluster and Cochran sampling methods have been used. In the meantime, given the research objectives and questions, SPSS and LISREL were used to calculate and analyze the value of factor loads and the correlation coefficient between components and indicators.

The research findings reveal the significant impact of socio-cultural sustainability on the security of the studied neighborhoods. In these two neighborhoods, there is direct and causal relationship between sustainability and the security components, so that in coincidence with the enhancement of social sustainability, security level also enhances in the neighborhoods. In fact, it could be argued that a more sustainable neighborhood means a safer neighborhood.

Today, the importance of feeling safe in the development of human societies is such that it is necessary to have a healthy society. The analysis of factors affecting the sense of security of citizens in the city of Birjand is the subject of this analysis, which has been conducted with the aim of measuring the sense of security (life, economic, cultural, judicial, social, political) of Birjand citizens. The main question is why the sense of security has decreased in Birjand? The theoretical framework of this study is based on the "security theory" of "Bozan and Weaver", the "broken windows" of "Kling and Wilson" and the "hierarchy of needs" of "Maslow". Research method, survey; the statistical population includes all citizens aged 15 to 65 years living in Birjand. Using the "Cochran" formula, 384 people have a specific sample size and have been sampled in a multi-stage and systematic classification method. The findings of the study indicate that 54.9% of Birjandi citizens do not feel safe. The findings also show that there is a direct and significant relationship between the variable of education and the feeling of security; that is, there is a negative and inverse relationship between the feeling of security and the variables of informal settlement and the sense of being borderline. On the other hand, there is no significant relationship between people's opinion of security governance institutions and the feeling of security. In addition, the test results of the model in multivariate regression analysis show that the independent variables and the selected contexts in this study, in total, examine 31% of the changes in the dependent variable, ie the feeling of security .

Today, societies and individuals are becoming increasingly vulnerable and risks have increased. Therefore, trying to get back to the initial conditions as soon as possible makes the role of Resilience much more important. On the other hand, the course of evolution over time shows that, despite all the constraints and limitations which human beings encountered in the past, they provided context for collective participation, responsibility and sacrifice with their sense of belonging and attachment to the place. This is an applied research that attempts to identify indicators and factors affecting Social Resilience and Sense of Place Attachment and evaluate their extent in three Neighborhoods (including the distressed texture, informal, and modern texture) in Hamedan using descriptive-analytic method. To this end, indicators and factors affecting Sense of Place Attachment and Social Resilience were extracted through library studies in the first step. Then, Structural Equation Modeling by AMOS16 and SPSS18 software was employed to investigate the relationship between Sense of Place Attachment and Social Resilience. The results indicated that there is a direct and causal relationship between the two mentioned variables; the impact factors in Aghajani-Beyg, Hasare-Imam, and Motekhassesin neighborhoods were 0.88, 0.74, and 0.77 respectively. Hence, it can be deduced that the impact of sense of place attachment on social Resilience is different in urban neighborhoods considering the fact that the impact extent is stronger in Aghajani-Beyg neighborhood in comparison to the other two neighborhoods.

The purpose of the present study is to identify the contexts and processes of shaping the informal life of waste pickers among Afghan workers in Tehran. The method we applied is a case study, and we have also used various observational and interviewing tools along with document analysis. We used Mixed Purposive Sampling to conduct this research, and a total of 57 individuals are interviewed, including urban managers and experts, contractors, sanitation workers, forepersons, Afghan waste pickers, and local activists and informants. The results show that various factors at the macro, medium, and micro levels facilitate the informal life of Afghan waste pickers in Tehran. These factors include economic and political situation in Afghanistan, cultural and familial features of Heratian workers, restrictive laws of Iran regarding foreigners’ employment and spatial access, working conditions and interactions in the waste field, roles played by urban hybrid governance, and finally the undignified status of this job among Iranians. Our findings show that several patterns of waste picking can be traced based on the geography of informal settlements and the diversity of economic partnerships with contractors among Afghan waste pickers in Tehran. We propose four informal economy models, including re-outsourcing, percentage partnership, maximum employer, and non-partnership with the contractor. These models of economic partnership have different implications for the power relations between waste pickers, intermediate forces, and contractors. In the re-outsourcing and non-partnership models, contractors have the least, and mediators have the most power. In comparison, the maximum employer model offers waste pickers the least autonomy and contractors the most power. Our findings reveal that there is an inseparable connection between the formal and informal realm of the waste field. They show that the informal arena is more connected to urban governance and urban political economy and less to the developmental issues.

The issue of informal settlement management has been mentioned in the country's development document as a development issue. Various approaches have been taken to manage this phenomenon in the world that the empowerment approach is one of the latest. This approach has been experienced in Iran since the late 1370s, but assessments show that the expected results were not achieved. This result raised the question for the present study whether the empowerment approach was effective in organizing informal settlements? In this study, an attempt was made to answer this question based on the opinions of experts. This research is a qualitative study and follows the method of GroundedTheory. Preliminary findings show that in order to identify the role of the empowerment approach, the roots of the problem must first be identified. As the questions and study process became more precise, the concept of migration was used as a central phenomenon and the basis for the development of the research model. Findings show that the roots of informal settlement can be traced to micro, intermediate and macro levels. Therefore, problem management strategies must be seen simultaneously at different levels. Separation of macro-origin, intermediate-destination and micro-destination strategies has been one of the research findings. The research confirmed that the empowerment approach is useful for dealing with the informal settlement phenomenon, which is applicable at the micro-destination level.

Global experiences show that from the 1980s onward urbandevelopment plans have received increasing attention to participatoryapproaches. To the extent that urban participation is currently the key tothe success of the urban development project, as well as one of thecriteria for assessing the performance of the urban management systemand its components (municipalities and city council). People'sparticipation in the development process is so credible that developmentis equivalent to participation. Participation is one of the main concepts ofsustainable development, hence, city managers have always tried byattracting people's participation, and they can best achieve their goals ofoptimal city management, especially in the suburbs of cities. Consideringthe importance of people's participation in good city management, thepurpose of this research, is a comparative study of public participation ininformal and planned settlements (case study: Dadgostary Neighborhoodand Mollazinal neighborhood). In this research, descriptive-analytical andsurvey research has been used. The statistical population of the study iscitizens of Dadgostary Neighborhood and Mollazinal neighborhood.Based on the Cochran formula, a sample of 385 heads of householdsfrom two neighborhoods of Tabriz city randomly selected andinformation collected by documentary and fieldwork and SPSS softwarewas used to analyze the data. In this research, one-sample test, Pearsoncorrelation coefficient and regression were used to test the researchhypotheses. The results of the research suggest that, the higher theresidence of the residents in a neighborhood, the more important in termsof history and antiquity, and the greater the sense of ownership andresponsibility of its residents to their residency. Also, the greater thesense of social belonging of citizens, the more their involvement in urbanmanagement.

Unauthorized Settlement in Kermanshah Emerged in 1960th. We have studied situations of 13 case of these zones by documentary and observe technique. The findings show that: Expanse of Unauthorized Settlement has increased near to 14 times from 1974 to 2011. The population of these 13 zones has had few decreasing from 2007 to 2012. In comparison to wealthy areas, the rate of -14 years population, active population and migration is high. The education rate of males is more than of females, but in wealthy are there is not so different. Non-spouse population of 13 zones has been more than two wealthy areas. For the people of these zones, feeling of security is different of what other people think about. Crime, usually not occur in these zone or not report to police. And the Criminal people of these zones do the crime in other wealthy areas. Anyway, these areas have known as the centers for narcotic substance and alcoholic drinks and in some cases, prostitution.
In all, we can divide these 13 zones to three levels: Scale 1 (bad situation) includes Dolatabad and Anahita; Scale 2(very bad situation) includes Sahterabad, Bagh-e-abrisham, Hekmatabad and Choghagolan; and scale 3(very very bad Situation) includs Choghakabood, Nokan, Darrederaz, Jafarabad, Koliabad, Chaman and Sadeghieh. It seems two zones of Anahita and Dolatabad have necessary conditions to be indicated as an ordinary area of the city.

The present study is following an objective in which the compilation of suitable strategy to empower margin dwelling settlements of Seylab, Ahmad Abad, Yanug Darasi of the city of Tabriz in relation to skeletal, environment, social, cultural, economic and urban management to establish social justice among the residents of the city of Tabriz has been carried out.
In this research an attempt was made to identify the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats of the settlement in relation to the indices under study in the framework of the strategic planning. Also an attempt was made to introduce it by analyzing it in the frame of SWOT technique by applying the QSPM model alongside with action plans of empowering.
The research methodology has been descriptive and analytic. The required information was collected applying the questionnaire through 25 experts of the organizations and university professors. The normality of the data was proved through Kolmogorov Smirnov test. The formation of evaluation matrix of the internal and external effectual factors in empowering the settlements and their analysis in the SWOT technique indicated that social-cultural indices were the most important factor in empowering the settlements. Among the dimensions of the settlements under study, the dimension of strength with total weight score 3.45, the weakness with 3.30, the threats with 2.80 and the opportunity with 2.27 were the most important factors in empowering the settlements. Also the competitive/invasive strategies by allocating 14.6 out of the total score factors (48), with the mean score of 2.9 were the most suitable strategy to empower the settlements.
Applying high participation power of the settlement residents in implementing the plans and development projects in the direction of organizing the worn-out structures and renovation of the settlements with the score of 3.3 executing the natural disaster manoeuvers with the approach of granting awareness to the settlement residents with the score of 2.8 and the observation of technical engineering principles in the construction of housing units, the precise supervision of the supervising engineers with the score of 2.3 were known as the most important action plans of the settlement empowering.

The world is rapidly developing urban life. The rate of urbanization is highly progressing in developing countries compared with that of developed ones. Iran too, has faced urbanization in its rapid pace. This rapid step has with itself so many consequences for large cities specially Urmia. The goal of research is analysis of effective factors in creation of slums in Urmia city, their consequences and presentation of suitable methods for prevention of increase of informal settlement. We invoked survey study along with using libraries. The sampling was elected with the use of Quota. Which was done randomly among 384 individual in of Urmia.
The results of this study indicates that main important reasons of slum dwelling in Urmia city is unemployment, low income, housing of low rent and widespread migration of small city and village that is arising of economic factors (like economic attractions and obstacles of economic in villages) as well as sociocultural obstacles related to previous zone. Informal settlement is deniable element in country metropolitans.

This essay attempts to pay attention to the issue of social cohesion arising from ethnicity and ethnic- cultural origin of immigrants in neighborhood of Islam Abad of Karaj during the organization plan from the perspective of urban anthropology. According to this, Different Azeri groups of immigrants of the villages such villages Sorkheh Functions of Tabriz, Buin of Zanjan and Chnarlaq and Sefidab of Ardabil in the hills and as well religious site and religious staff as the crystallization of social - ethnic cohesion, in Islam Abad neighborhood have been considered in this paper.The method used in this research has been anthropological including the qualitative approach, using interviews and direct observation as well as the method used to the following nodes of group cohesion that has provided a lot of data.Macro policy-making has positive and negative effects on the city and inhabitants of it. Some groups suffer positively or negatively impacts more than others. Trying of residents to minimize these effects represent dynamic groups in the different neighborhoods. To study the interaction and dynamics of group in relation to the policy making can play an important role in decision-making. The present study on one of such the policy initiatives is taken in Islam Abad, Karaj. This plan is famous to Reorganization Plan Hill. Implementation of the plan of house acquisition and demolition of Moradab hills is over 19 years long, forced to relocate four thousand families to other parts of the hill, the other cities in the city of Karaj or other cities in the country. In this process, dates back of the presence of immigrants and the numbers of members of ethnic groups have been effective in their decisions to maintain Kinship and ethnic cohesion in contrast to the impact on de-cohesion of their social relations. As immigrants with little history of residence (below 10 years) collectively moved to another part of town, older immigrants lived intermediate (10 to 20 years) were dispersed into two or three groups in the city, And groups with a long history of residence (for more than 20 years) due to a greater sense of belonging to neighborhood have tried to stay in it and thus housing in other parts of the hill of Moradab.The considerable point is that the distribution mainly is taken placed around the weekly and monthly gathering places of the members of the group that are actually the religious places.

The immigration as a problem for third countries world has been emerged within the recent century. What causes the immigration to be deemed as a problem is impossibility of attracting the immigrants by the cities, governments’ inability in providing facilities to the mass volume of immigrants to the cities and formation of informal settlement phenomenon. The main objective of this research is studying the quality of informal settlements formation in Sanandaj and presenting strategy for their organization. The methodology of this research is applied and the data has been collected according to descriptive-survey style. The statistical society of present study is consisted of all family guardians in Abbasabad Quarter in Sanandaj. The sampleincludes 400 family guardians residing in this quarter that have been selected by random sampling. The data has been collected by researcher-made questionnaire. The results of this study indicate that regional inequalities between city and village has affected the immigration of villagers to the studied quarter and ethnic, cultural and kinship associates and joint local origins have affected the population dispersal. In addition, the summary implies the residents’ low sense of belonging to their quarter and naturally their low collaboration rate in the affairs related to the quarter.