جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "meta-synthesis" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

One of the factors that affect social welfare in societies is social capital. The objective of this research is to integrate the research on social capital and social welfare in order to more effectively utilize the knowledge that has been accumulated in these fields.Utilizing Meta-synthesis methodology, this article evaluates articles concerning social capital and welfare from 2012 to 2023.This article reviewed 16 scientific and research articles in the fields of social welfare and social capital.The results indicated that the economic dimension and objective indicators of well-being have been the primary focus of studies on well-being, with little attention paid to the mental dimension. Also, the findings indicate that the more a person is intertwined with his traditional and ethnic culture in terms of identity and culture, the more mental well-being he will enjoy. On the other hand, the reduction of social capital may lead to the reduction of economic and social productivity, increase of tensions and social anomalies. Additionally, economic capital is adversely affected by the degradation of social capital. These effects include: 1. Reduction of cooperation and trust: 2. Increase of transaction costs: 3. Reduction of innovation.Consequently, the social capital of ethnic groups in Iran is a multifaceted and intricate phenomenon that manifests in a variety of ways as a result of the cultural, historical, and social diversity of the country. Consequently, government policies and programs must establish harmony among all groups in order to foster a sense of intergroup solidarity. Along with intra-group solidarity, the welfare of the society is also improved.

In recent years; Official statistics and numerous experimental evidences confirm the change in the attitude of young people regarding the issue of marriage and lack of interest in starting a family. There have been various researches on the issue of marriage avoidance among the country's researchers, each of them looking at the issue from their own perspective. The main question of this research is the design of the model and model of the factors affecting the marriage avoidance of young people. In this research, using meta-composite method, we investigated the causes and factors affecting the tendency of young people to live a single life. In this research, after searching in various sites and extracting 123 articles based on the keywords of research on the subject of youth celibacy; Based on the existing standards in the meta-synthesis method, 31 articles were finally focused. Then by analyzing the effective factors and counting the key categories that govern in these articles; We reached 5 fundamental concepts including increasing individualism, value changes, social changes, risk society and economic problems. As the level of education increases, the expectation of people to enter the labor market increases, and this issue, i.e. finding a suitable job, can delay marriage. Literacy and education cause personal changes and transformations in ideas, attitudes and personal values, and by expanding people's horizons beyond the traditional boundaries of society, it forces them to reevaluate the values ​​of family and marriage.

The politics of memory is a prominent topic in cultural and media studies. From a political perspective, memory is one of the fields of identity conflicts. Identity competitions, in recent years, have led to the formation of identity gaps among some people in the society. In the last century, the media have played an intermediary role for the transfer of memory, so that today some have used the interpretation that the media is memory. Therefore, the intersection between memory studies and media studies is considered a popular research field. This article studies the different dimensions of memory narration in the intersection with the media. One of the functions of the media in the field of memory is the reconstruction of collective and individual memory. This article shows that the transmission of collective memory is, essentially, a media practice today. For this purpose, the theory of mediaization has been used to show what characteristics mediaization has given to collective memory. To achieve this goal, we selected 30 articles and with using the Meta-synthesis method, we showed what trends and macro-components are followed by memory and media studies. According to the findings of the current research, the studies of mediated memory at the global level focus on four main and frequent categories: 1. Objectification of memory using media (genres of mediated memory and digitization), 2. Referentiality and concreteness of the memory narrative (opening up for problems and emotional impact), 3. Individual and social functions of memory narration (collective recall and individual framing), and 4. The political-psychological nature of the memory narrative (counter-narratives and familiar mental pattern).

Collective conflict in local communities is always an issue that has been the focus of social researchers in our country in recent years. This occurrence poses a threat to the peace, security, and quality of life of the populace, particularly in traditional and tribal communities, where it induces tendencies toward dominance and anxiety. In recent years, it has been increasing in our country and for this reason, many researchers have investigated this phenomenon, the current research was conducted to understand the background, causes, and main factors of conflict formation in Iran.This investigation implemented the meta-synthesis methodology. The demographic of our study 34 articles were chosen in accordance with the criteria, and they were published in scientific journals and theses. We conducted an analysis of the findings of this investigation and identified 10 categories. In order to ensure the quality of our categories, we obtained the approval of an expert and calculated Cohen’s Kappa coefficient.The findings of the research indicate that the studies conducted at the level of description have primarily concentrated on the relationship between background variables and the degree of tendency to conflict. The research conducted at the level of explanation has identified social, cultural, and ecological causes as effective in generating conflict. Some research has attempted to address this phenomenon by proposing solutions such as restorative justice and trust. In the most extensively researched studies, the primary causes of collective conflicts are scarcity, environmental challenges, vertical collectivism, tribalism, and rights and property issues.Its analysis and meta-synthesis demonstrate that the primary causes and factors of collective conflicts in Iranian society have been centered on the three primary axes of tribalism and vertical collectivism, as well as the challenges of rights and property and environmental resources. The conflicts that transpired in the central and arid regions of Iran were primarily precipitated by environmental and resource constraints, while those that transpired in the west and southwest were primarily influenced by tribalism and its repercussions. In the east and south-east, conflicts have been primarily influenced by the experience of conflict, deprivation, and socio-political insecurity. In the northern areas, there have been more causes of inequality and a sense of relative deprivation.

Social entrepreneurship, as a global phenomenon, sways society by adopting innovative approaches to address social problems. A focus on nature and the principles of sustainability and emphasis on environmental preservation are considered part of the strategy of social entrepreneurs. This is an applied-developmental study that uses a qualitative meta-synthesis method for data collection. The research method borrows the seven-step approach from Sandolski and Barroso (2007) based on the nature of the research. Electronic databases such as Emerald, ScienceDirect, Springer, Sage and the specialized database of Magiran, Irandoc, the scientific information database of SID and the comprehensive portal of humanities were reviewed from 2015 to 2022 to collect data. While considering all dimensions of social entrepreneurship, we utilized meta-synthesis method to identify indicators that the researchers believe wielded influence on the emergence of environment-based social entrepreneurship. In this research, after a review of the results and findings of previous researchers, the final model of social entrepreneurship was identified following Sandelowski and Barroso's seven steps. To extract the data from the texts, preliminary coding and extraction of concepts and categories were conducted after a thorough review of the literature on social entrepreneurship. After compiling and integrating the indicators obtained in the meta-synthesis phase, a total of 24 primary codes, 6 themes and 3 categories were identified, including infrastructural factors (supportive and structural), cognitive factors (skills and personality), and environmental strategies (biological orientation and environmental behavior). This article can offer valuable insights to enrich the literature on social entrepreneurship, and the government's strategic support for social entrepreneurship, like the policy of tax cut for related activities, will give them a high degree of cognitive desirability and feasibility.

Teachers' job satisfaction is one of the most important factors affecting their performance, and the role of teachers' job satisfaction in developing and achieving the goals of the educational system is broad and clear. Based on this, it is necessary to investigate the factors affecting the job satisfaction of teachers in Iran. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the job satisfaction of teachers in Iran. This research was carried out using the Meta-synthesis qualitative method and the seven-step model of Sandelowski and Barroso. For this purpose, the results of the studies conducted between 1390 and 1403 were examined. And by using related keywords, a number of relevant articles were identified and finally 34 articles were selected from among 205 articles using meta-composite criteria. Kappa index was used to check the quality and reliability of the findings of this research, and its results show the appropriate quality of the research findings. The findings of this research led to the extraction of various codes, and after continuous back and forth and examination and integration of the initial findings of this research in sub-fields, nine main fields were obtained, which in order of frequency are; Organizational dimensions, empowerment dimensions, leadership dimensions of managers, mental and individual dimensions, social dimensions, mental health dimensions, lifestyle dimensions, ethical dimensions and dimensions of innovation and creativity. Also, the results of this research show that organizational justice, performance-based reward system, teachers' participation in decision-making, psychological empowerment courses and electronic content, charismatic leadership, ethical environment of the organization, etc., affect the job satisfaction of teachers in Iran. It is very important and the findings of this research confirm some of the previous theories regarding job satisfaction.

This research is conducted with the objective of identifying the components of multicultural education and using the qualitative research method of metastases. All stages of Meta-Synthesis are based on Erwin's six-step model. The research community includes all the authentic Persian scientific articles that were published in the period of 2013-2021. By analyzing and reviewing articles related to multicultural education, articles were removed and selected. Among the 868 articles, based on the following criteria: research title, research method, research language, a number of eleven articles have been selected. In order to analyze the findings, each article is analyzed without considering the conceptual framework. The process of data analysis began by rereading the findings from each article and gradually progressed to the synthesis and interpretation of findings across studies. Similar and different findings are coded and classified. Thematic analysis method has been used in the coding process. Finally, with repeated reviews and decisions, 3 main themes and 11 sub-themes of the components of multicultural education have been identified and presented. The results of the surveys show that in order to realize the components of multicultural education, the curricula should be distanced from monoculture and be presented in line with the interests of all cultures.

Financial wellbeing is a topic of interest in various disciplines, especially economics, sociology and psychology. Financial wellbeing in general can be used in the field of financial and economic sociology. However, there is no universally agreed definition or measurement, and no transparency regarding conceptualization and its components, as well as related factors; Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting financial wellbeing and explain how these factors relate. For this purpose, the meta-synthesis method has been used. The statistical population is all studies conducted in the period 2005-2021, in this regard, 171 articles in the field of the subject were evaluated and finally 43 articles were selected purposefully. By reviewing these 43 selected articles, 86 components were finally identified in the form of 14 concepts and four main categories under the headings of individual factors, contextual factors, financial socialization and financial literacy. Analytical results show that the factors identified in the present study are related and the contribution of each of them is important in order to provide a comprehensive model of financial wellbeing, the role of all these factors should be considered; But by reviewing 43 studies in this field, the contribution of financial socialization among the four main factors identified is more effective in shaping financial recovery; Because theoretically and conceptually model of financial recovery, the structure of financial socialization is prior to other structures affecting financial wellbeing.

In most societies, despite the large presence of women in the social arena the position of women in the society is still known with the same duties that the patriarchal society has delegated to women. Despite the progress made by women all over the world, gender differences are still the main cause of social inequalities. The success any society depends on the use of the available expertise, but the inequality of conditions between women and men can be seen in all fields of society, and in order to facilitate the entry conditions for the presence and survival of women as a huge part of the population of any society, so far some measures have been taken. Scientific and necessary planning, however, has not been adopted. Although gender inequality is considered an important issue in legal and social institutions and has been repeatedly taken into consideration in the theoretical and theoretical fields, it has faced challenges in practice. The aim of this research was to identify the dimensions, components and factors that result in gender inequality, by using a meta-synthesis method. This method includes seven steps that evaluate and systematically analyze the results of previous studies. This study analyzed the results of previous articles, conducted in 2020 and 2021. Cohen's kappa coefficient was used for validity and reliability. Among the primary articles, 26 articles were identified suitable. The results showed 5 main dimensions including family, media, as well as social, political, and cultural factors that explain the theme of gender inequality.

Virtual social media is one of the most important and effective social media that has been able to affect the private relationships of citizens in the form of everyday and practical tools. In addition to countless advantages, this space also brings many disadvantages, which sometimes cause serious harm to users due to the lack of familiarity with the virtual space. Therefore, the importance of identifying and investigating the harms of virtual social media has been taken into consideration; In such a way that many research articles are written and published on this subject every year, but due to the fact that these articles were conducted with different statistical population and different geographical, economic, social and cultural conditions, they have faced different results. On this basis, the current research has tried to identify and classify the dimensions of these damages using the meta-synthesis method, and finally, design and present the final model of the dimensions of cyber space damages; Therefore, the aim of the research is to identify and classify the damages of virtual space, and to design a new model to understand the dimensions of the damages of virtual social media. For this reason, the results of previous researches in the years 1390 to 1400 were analyzed using the meta-synthesis method. By checking the quality of the articles, among the 54 articles, 42 were finally selected for analysis. The findings of the research showed that cultural dimensions, social networks, religious institutions, personality and deality are the most important vulnerable dimensions of virtual social media.

The ontology of the cultural project has not been taken seriously among cultural researchers as it deserves. It can be said that part of the wandering of cultural actions is caused by the lack of supporting models for project design and the weakness of the ontological support of the existing models. This research was conducted with the aim of configuring a structure for the ontology of the cultural project, based on the research approach of qualitative content analysis. In the implementation of this strategy, for the stage of data collection from the library method and systematic review, for the stage of data analysis and combination, from the meta-synthesis method, for the implementation of the meta-synthesis method, from the Sandelowski and Barroso model, for the implementation of this model from the coding technique and for the implementation of this technique MAXQDA software tool was used. Among the reviewed models, methods and methodologies, in total, 10 options were selected to perform meta-synthesis. This research believes that the cultural project, only with the action of the executive.  It does not end, but its completion requires action on the part of the audience. This research defines the cultural project in the form of eight main components and six sub-components, which are located on two sides of the performer and the audience. Finally, based on a cyclic narrative of the cultural project, by placing these components in an intersecting rotational process, the ontological structure of the cultural project has been configurated.

The purpose of this research qualitative studies meta- synthesis related to hijab in Iran after the Islamic Revolution. The source of the research was from the 811 bases during the 1357- 1399 in two scientific sites. At first stage, 76 sources and in the second 53 sources were found based on content matching. The quality of the sources as well as the credibility and reliability of the findings were examined. As results, two general themes of "traditional hijab" and "modern hijab" were extracted. The traditional hijab was consisting of the characteristics, function and solutions to strengthen the hijab, the supporting arguments from religious teachings, the reasons for the tendency to wear, how to deal with non-observance of the hijab in order to strengthen the desire to wear The consequences of bad hijab and how to portray it in domestic websites compared to modern hijab, considering the meaning-making axes such as the meaning, shape, types of hijab, supporting arguments, the causes and contexts of bad hijab and how to deal with it, the status of the hijab and how to portray the hijab in Foreign sites were placed at two ends of a spectrum. In the light of existing relationships between their different levels, the "conceptual model of hijab" was abstracted.

Among various phenomena, culture and its belongings, including cultural products and practices, are among the things that are not considered as important as the extent and intensity of their influence. The proof of this claim is the lack, and in fact, the absence of models and guidelines for the design of cultural actions and products. Since the design of methodologies, methods, techniques and tools supporting the design of cultural actions is deeply dependent on ontological studies, the aim of this research was to produce a coherent structure to introduce the elements of the cultural project from the ontological dimension with a network approach. This research was based on the research approach of qualitative content analysis by adopting the strategy of analysis and synthesis. In the implementation of this strategy, for the stage of data collection from the library method and systematic review, for the stage of data analysis and synthesis, from the meta-synthesis method, for the implementation of the meta-synthesis method, from the model of Sandelowski and Barroso, for the implementation of this model from the coding technique and for the implementation of this The technique of MAXQDA software tool is used. Among the reviewed models, methods and methodologies, in total, 10 options were chosen to perform meta-synthesis. This research believes that the cultural project is not completed by the action of the performer, but its completion depends on the action of the audience. The configuration of this view using the metaphor of tissue is such that cultural project are like interweaving threads of beneficence into threads of exploitation and finally what is achieved is a cultural project as a coherent weave. Beneficence threads and exploitation threads are based on the five aspects defined for each move, including five threads "Drive", "Agent", "Accessory", "Act" and "Terminal".

Innovation capacity is a key element in the continuity of innovation and growth and survival in firms. Despite extensive studies of innovation capacity, there is little agreement on the components of this concept. Accurate knowledge of innovation capacity components is essential because of its importance in achieving higher performance in innovation. The present study has identified and explained the components of the concept of innovation capacity using the beyond method. To this end, a systematic review of the research background was conducted for the common dimensions of previous research, and by selecting 31 quality research in the field of study, 33 codes، 14 concepts and 4 components of innovation capacity were identified and labeled. The results of this research show that the components of the technical and intellectual component, human, environmental, background and organizational, are effective in improving the capacity of innovation. It is possible to achieve a technical and intellectual component by strengthening research and development and information and communication technology. The human component is realized by improving learning, culture and the quality of human capital. Improving the environmental and contextual component is possible by improving the macroeconomic-social environment, the state of competition and the market, and access to urban facilities. The organizational component of innovation capacity is achieved through collaboration, networking, knowledge management, financial resource allocation, entrepreneurship, improving the overall performance of the organization and the performance of organizational managers.

In recent years, mobbing has emerged as a significant global problem in workplaces, leading to negative organizational behaviors (Alfano et al., 2021). This phenomenon poses challenges to productivity, competitive advantage, and organizational sustainability (Kurnaz & Oğuzhan, 2021). Mobbing refers to a situation where certain members of an organization are targeted, harassed, rejected, and socially isolated, resulting in a detrimental impact on the performance of the individuals affected (Balducci et al., 2009). Consequently, mobbing can have unfortunate consequences within the organization, disrupting harmony of the work environment and diminishing employee’s motivation (Psunder, 2015). Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly study mobbing, identify its causes and consequences, and effectively manage it (Mehmet, 2021). However, the existing research in this field has only focused on specific aspects of the issue, lacking a comprehensive and cohesive framework for understanding the causes and consequences of mobbing. Consequently, there is a gap in the literature that needs to be addressed. To address this gap and facilitate the management and mitigation of the destructive effects of mobbing, this study aimed to design a comprehensive model to encompass the causes and consequences of mobbing within organizations. By doing so, we aimed to contribute to the existing literature and provide valuable insights into this phenomenon.

This study employed a qualitative approach and utilized the meta-synthesis method to systematically review and integrate the findings of various research studies with the aim of reshaping the existing knowledge (Jensen & Allen, 1996) and proposing new frameworks (Paterson et al., 2001). The seven stages of meta-synthesis, as presented by Sandelowski & Barroso (2007), were followed to analyze and combine the results of previous research studies. In the initial stage, research questions were formulated and in the 2nd stage, a comprehensive literature review was conducted. Relevant keywords were searched in both Persian and English databases to identify the necessary sources in the 3rd stage. Subsequently, the identified sources were evaluated based on their title, abstract, and content, resulting in the selection of 49 sources for inclusion in this research. In the 4th stage, the selected sources were thoroughly examined and the causes and consequences of mobbing in organizations were extracted as primary codes. In the 5th stage, the identified codes were carefully reviewed, duplicate codes were eliminated, and efforts were made to categorize the codes into specific and distinct components based on their semantic and conceptual similarities. Next, the components were classified into dimensions to create a model representing the causes and consequences of mobbing in organizations. To ensure the research reliability, the Kappa index was utilized for evaluating the agreement between researchers in the coding process.

The findings of this study revealed that the causes of mobbing in organizations could be categorized into the three individual, group, and organizational dimensions. The individual dimension encompassed 3 components: the victim’s characteristics, the mobber’s characteristics, and interpersonal factors. The group dimension included in-group and out-group factors, while the organizational dimension comprised job-related and non-job-related factors. Although previous studies had touched upon these dimensions, none of them had comprehensively addressed all the three dimensions in a single study. For instance, Demiroren & Simsek (2021) focused solely on the individual level, neglecting the other dimensions. Similarly, Picakciefe et al. (2017) only examined the characteristics of the immediate environment. On the other hand, Demiroren & Simsek (2021) explored organizational causes but failed to consider other aspects. Furthermore, the results indicated that the consequences of mobbing could be analyzed across the four individual, group, organizational, and extra-organizational dimensions. The individual dimension encompassed attitudinal-perceptual, physiological, and behavioral-functional components. The group dimension included in-group and out-group consequences, while the organizational dimension comprised cultural components and managerial-executive consequences. Lastly, the extra-organizational dimension encompassed family and social consequences. Although previous researchers had examined the consequences of mobbing, no studies had comprehensively addressed all these dimensions together. For example, İnandi & Büyüközkan (2022) and Kurnaz & Oğuzhan (2021) focused primarily on individual consequences, while Dagli & Arslantas (2022) emphasized group and organizational levels. Notably, the extra-organizational consequences had received limited attention in the literature with only a few studies (Plos et al., 2022; Yildiz, 2007) exploring this aspect of analysis.

The World Tourism Organization has recognized senior tourism as an important opportunity in the tourism industry because Population ageing is a global phenomenon And according to the United Nations, the population of all countries is aging . On the other hand, Today's seniors have a higher level of wealth, more free time and improved health conditions to participate in tourism activities than their predecessors. Despite the growth in the number of researches in senior tourism field, there is still gap for more researches, especially in countries like Iran where the population is moving rapidly towards aging. Therefore This study aims to identify and provide the most important Categories of Senior Tourism Development base on previous studies. To achieve this goal, with adopting a qualitative meta-synthesis approach, We analyzed 82 articles And after open coding and axial coding, 10 sub-categories and 4 categories were provided: (1) Motivations include push motivations and pull motivations; (2) Constraints include intrapersonal Constraints, interpersonal Constraints and structural Constraints; (3) Facilitators include intrapersonal Facilitators , interpersonal Facilitators and structural Facilitators; (4) Benefits include Improve the quality of life(Objective factors), Improve the quality of life(Subjective factors). Most Reviewed studies(Both Persian and English sources) deal only with a specific aspect of senior tourism, and advantage of this study is its comprehensive view(from the Tourists' Perspective).

The current research aimed to discover the effective patterns of substance use in Iran and provide appropriate solutions based on previous research studies.

This research was descriptive (systematic review) and analytical (qualitative and of meta-synthesis type). A systematic search of domestically published articles was conducted in the Scientific Information Database (SID), the Magiran database, etc., aiming to determine valid, reliable, and relevant documents in the period of 2002 to 2021, and 89 articles were extracted, which in the next step, 58 relevant articles were selected based on the methodological rules of meta-synthesis. The quality of the results (validity) was evaluated through consultation with several experts and reliability evaluation using the Kappa index.

Descriptive results showed that the mean age of starting substance use in Iran is during adolescence and youth. Also, the first experience of getting to know substances was through relatives and friends, and factors such as ethnic subculture, social norms, contextual-demographic factors, individual-psychological factors, social failure, high-risk behavior, differential association, socialization, leisure style, social control, social label, socioeconomic anomie, policy-making weakness, and structural-functional disorders affected substance use. In general terms, the aforementioned meta-synthesis was conducted in the form of 6 constructive themes and 19 basic themes with related statistical primary codes.

The prevalence of substance use and its transformation into a norm and lifestyle has complexity under causal conditions, and its solutions should also be based on comprehensive and comprehensive policy-making across various fields, such as family, society, economy, culture, and deep social education related to the mentioned issue.

Social participation is one of the important concepts of sociology and branches of participation, which includes a wide range of activities like membership and cooperation with religious, scientific, social, economic, professional, occupational, local, regional, and national associations, altruism, and cooperation in holding various ceremonies. By organizing groups, social capital expands, empowers social groups, and strengthens social trust and solidarity. It makes the society dynamic and its conditions unpredictable. The purpose of the study was to  identify the most important dimensions of social participation among students and answer the following question: What are the most important factors and dimensions affecting social participation of Iranian students in the university?  

The research was carried out with a practical purpose and a qualitative method.  A meta-synthesis methods was used by studying information sources in the field of factors affecting social participation of students. Meta-synthesis includes the stages of choosing the research question and goal, collecting the related researches, making a decision about inclusion and exclusion of studies, and evaluating and ranking of studies. It is based on mutual translation of the findings of studies and combination of translations. This research used the 7-step meta-synthesis method of Sandelowski and Barroso. The statistical population of this research included all the studies on students' social participation that were available in the University Jihad System (SID) and database of the country's publications (Magiran and Irandoc). In this systems, the terms ‘social participation’, ‘student participation’, and ‘participation’ were searched by limiting the search to Persian language and the time period of 2011-2021. A total of 34 articles were obtained and out of these 34 articles, 20 articles were accepted based on the meta-synthesis criteria. In this research, the criteria for selecting articles were as follows:Place of article publication: accepted articles in the database of approved scientific journals on Magiran, Sid, and Irandoc sitesTopic: Factors affecting students' participation in Iranian societyGeneral scope: students’ social participationResearch method meta-synthesisResearch time frame: 2011-2021Language used: PersianDiscussion of.

The research findings showed that the 5 social, individual, collaborative, cultural, and psychological factors affected the students' social participation. The social factor included social trust, efficiency of scientific associations, benefits of membership in associations, and social vitality. The individual factor included age, gender, education, field of study, employment, and status. The collaborative factor included social participation, cooperative activity, and cooperative behavior. The cultural factor included media, television, social networks, religiosity, and culture. The psychological factor included feeling of powerlessness, life satisfaction, self-respect, cooperative spirit, and social tolerance. The results revealed that all the social, economic, political, and cultural aspects of the students’ lives developed with the increase and expansion of their participations in university affairs, while strengthening solidarity, improving the students’ life qualities, and finally reinforcing creativity and self-confidence. Several studies had confirmed and emphasized the findings of the current research, stating that social participation was affected by several factors, such as religious beliefs, historical background, social and economic bases, age, sex, race, ethnicity, structure, religion, cultural values, education, job, place of residence, personality, social capital, and people’s psychological characteristics of. Some emphasized the influence of education, income, and social status on social participation. Some others talked about the usefulness and benefit of participation and stated that people would take action if its benefit was more than its loss. According to the obtained results, the following measures will be suggested:Relevant organizations should encourage the students to have more participation by holding group and team competitions among them.Universities should encourage the students to participate more socially by holding special courses and providing the necessary conditions.

The present study aimed to discover and extract the correlates of substance use among students in experimental evidence from 2016 to 2023.

The current study was applied and qualitative, which was conducted using meta-synthesis method. The scope of this study was research articles between 2016 and 2023 for international research and 2016 to 2022 for Iranian research. By using a purposeful approach and until reaching saturation and using the integration approach and Sandelowski and Barroso's meta-synthesis method (2007), 156 articles were selected and after the evaluation criteria, 61 articles were finally selected. Qualitative data in the form of categories, concepts, and codes were analyzed and implemented and analyzed in Maxqda 18 software.

The results showed that psychological (cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and personality dimensions), family (communicative patterns, parental dimensions, family emotional atmosphere), academic (academic excitement, school dimensions, interpersonal relationships at school), social (community dimensions, interpersonal dimensions, socioeconomic status), and modulating (individual, family, social, and academic) correlates were related to students' substance use in empirical evidence. The value of Kappa index in this research was 0.89.

According to the extracted dimensions, it is necessary to design interventions, and plan and implement educational, therapeutic, and social policies in a systematic way to reduce substance use among students.

In recent decades Iranian public education system faced enormous challenges and issues in the area of planning, performance, and interaction among stockholders. Nevertheless, little wonder that by gaining the trust of parents and attracting their efforts, there will be a novel approach to the issues. This research aims to address educational policy issues through public participation. First of all, a qualitative method, the meta-synthesis had been used to identify the main components of participation. Initial findings have been 9 main components which are: citizen’s empowerment and beliefs, justice, information flow, quality and quantity of information, executive agencies, legal support, social factors, and the impacts of previous policies. The qualitative-quantitative method, ISM, then, has been used to discover the final model. In the final model, a five-level shape appeared. This ladder-shaped model requires entering each stage by ensuring a certain level of confidence in the previous stage. At the bottom of the model, the result of previous policies and social factors are the primary forces of society to participate. On the next level, legal support is necessary to create a participatory culture in the atmosphere of public opinion and the administrative structure of the educational system. Justice is a manifestation of the realization of a participatory culture in society resulting in opening a special account on the trends of citizenship. The final model of research requires a balance action by causal view but with culturist approach that will enable us to have participation maturity in the education system.