جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "production of space" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

Every geographical location where a person finds a “social presence” becomes a social space and over time, it acquires structural complexities. In the modern world, cities, and especially the “street,” have emerged as a focal point for the emergence of intricate social relationships, leveraging their historical significance and weight. From Dostoevsky to Baudelaire, the street has served as a socio-historical stage in the contemporary world, inspiring numerous authors and poets. The street has been regarded by social scientists, particularly sociologists, as a stage where history and society intersect. The analysis of specific streets has resulted in significant experimental and theoretical advancements in the understanding of social life. In this article, inspired by the achievements of Lefour, Rozhek, and Benjamin, and relying on the concepts of “space production”, “leisure relationships”, and “leisure behavior,” a sociological understanding of the oldest and most important center of wandering, and perhaps the most intensive manifestation of the social history of the city of Kermanshah (Dabir Azam), has been investigated. In this way, relying on foundations that distance from the positivist perception of social realities, the categories of “binding structure,” “structure reproduction,” and “interpretive procedures” have been considered in interaction with each other. Narrative analysis has been implemented as an approach. The spatial representation of Dabir Azam will encompass the wandering of women, the histories and daily life that have been established within it, as well as an examination of the social norms that have influenced this space. The findings show that activists have established three distinct spaces beneath the visible surface of Dabir Azam street: historical, modern, and ideological. Each space is distinct from the others. This entirety is steeped in history and ideology. Overall, the ideological space of Dabir Azam Street is jeopardized by the historical and contemporary representations of the street, and the modern representations even undermine the historical ones.

Urban spaces cannot be considered only as a natural structure in the framework of the historical growth and development of cities. Rather, these spaces are always organized and reproduced through various factors such as capital, politics, ideology and society. This is despite the fact that today, due to the dominance of capital-oriented policies on urban spaces, the social dimensions of space production have been neglected. In such a city, the rights of citizens in influencing the spaces of daily life have been marginalized. In contrast to this common thinking, critical urban theories have been formed based on the fundamental criticism of these approaches and the disclosure of the main factors that exclude citizens from urban spaces. Therefore, this article, with a fundamental approach and by adopting a descriptive-analytical method and by using qualitative and critical analyzes based on critical urban theories, by explaining the spatial dialectic in relation to the effects of politics, capital and society in the production of space, tries to reveal the roots of the deprivation of the contemporary urban society. By applying the concept of the right to the city, we argue that strategies based on the social will of city residents can be presented against these attitudes governing the urban space, and we also believe that urban praxis as a social action will play an effective role in the urban space by responding to the demands of an urban society in order to achieve the social benefits of citizens.

If it is to talk about a less known geographical area which has not been so far outside of the common representation system, how is then one supposed to bring a province like Ilam and its association with suicide into discourse and draw on its representation. The present research seeks to explain the fact that whatever happened in this area after the governmental interference since 1340s, caused a new form of emergence and deepening of a social problem; In a way that, in the second half of the present century it was the boundless governmental interference in the society which resulted in intensifying a social problem in a new level. Such cities, considering the formative and developmental logic they have gone through, didn’t have the capacity to create that kind of substantive and emotional resilience to admit the failure experience and injury and give the subject an opportunity to test and understand maturity relying on such injuries and failures. The missing point regarding this government-made city in this part of Iran is the resilience capacity against the painful and inevitable experiences of the everyday life.

Such issues as authoritative space design, unproductivity of urban management, and the inability of urban space to facilitate the emergence of differences and transfer of meaning lead to the experience of alienation in the daily life of the residents of Tehran. Taking an anthropological and critical approach and applying Henri Lefebvre’s theory of production of space, this research compared class experience of alienation among the residents of Tehran. Alienation was defined as an instrumental relationship against a relationship for its own sake and appropriation against ownership. Space of stock market, Khalij Fars Lake and Khalazir neighborhood were selected as representatives of abstract and concrete spaces as well as Lefebvre’s trialectics of space. Multiple data were collected through observation, photos, personal interviews, previous studies and ethnographies, documentaries, organizational documents, press reports and online survey about every space. The data was coded, categorized, and analyzed interpretatively and inductively through formal, functional, and structural analysis. The study showed that alienation with others, self, labor, urban space, and everyday life, is a common experience between all classes and is related to the spatial order of the city, but it finds different meanings in the center and the periphery and is integrated in the everyday consciousness in a different way. Alienation in relation of production is experienced in the meaningless work, competitive market, and commodification are common experiences on a global scale, while political and cultural alienations depend on the specific characteristics of Tehran. The moments may be liberating at a level of social reality and remain fruitless at a higher level. The diverse manifestations of daily life, along with prohibitions, fears, and gaps, prevent the formation of collective consciousness and, as a result, a collective effort to de-alienation.

One of the most important human social needs is the need for justice in urban space The theory of the "Right to the City" is one of the most basic justice-oriented social theories in the 20th century, the basic axis of which is man and his social needs. Lefebvre, the founder of this theory, saw the city as a social structure and believed that citizens have rights to the city. This theory has been followed by many researchers in recent years. Still, their results have not gone beyond the investigation of theoretical and philosophical bases and fewer researchers have addressed the spatial dimensions and qualities necessary to realize this importance in the urban space. This research aims to reach solutions for the realization of the right to the city by exploring the political, social, and philosophical roots, reviewing the experiences and legal frameworks developed in the world, and analyzing the effectiveness of the proposed axes. Through qualitative research with directional content analysis, and the exploratory approach based on library and document studies, the conceptual framework of the right to the city and the practical components for its realization were extracted. this conceptual framework is based on two main components "the right to urban participation" and "the right to allocate space", and criteria of proper urban governance, inclusiveness and diversity, spatial access, and spatial qualities. Its application has been introduced in order to create a mutual learning structure in the process of interactions between public, and private institutions and people, and the mutual understanding of the actors.

Everyday-life reality and its interwoven rhythms, is in a mutual relation with the process of production of space. Current study aims to discover the quality of everyday-life rhythm in Tehran and its connection to the production of space. Applying rhythmanalysis, ethnography and a reciprocation between theory and facts as well as micro and macro levels, a sample of three spaces of city (stock market, Khalije Fars Lake and Khalazir neighborhood) was analyzed through Henri Lefebvre’s approach of production of space. The findings declares that authoritative governance of city, fragmented culture, monetary order defined by international division of labor and local inefficiency and mythologized nature manipulate everyday-life rhythm through dressage and is affected by it simaltenaously. Diverse forms of everyday-life leads to deep social and class gaps, but what embraces all the narrators is a rhytm of expectation in their everyday-life; an expectation for a promising event which never takes place.

Today with the spatialization of more and more logic called urbanization,cities are growing and advancing more than ever through a kind of spatial competition. In this sense, today we are witnessing more and more the spatialization of competitive logic and development in the world around us.In other words,it can be said that what we deal with in the form of various plans and programs is considered as a representative of the mentioned logic. As an example of these development plans and programs, this article Uses the qualitative method of grounded theory and describes the space of conflict formed around the development plan of the University of Tehran.The research findings show that in this field, through an intertwining of academic rationality and power networks, the knowledge that is concerned with the public good is produced, and Creates the issue that is necessary here to create a green, entrepreneurial and Entrepreneur university. At the same time, this particular knowledge generated by power relations is legitimized.This is where the logic of development is reproduced in a particular spatial form.One of the commonalities of this spatiality in the general concept of development logic is the types of dispossession.This expropriation, along with all the exercise of power, leads to resistance from the communities and here the residents of Vesal neighborhood.Finally,the set of these multiple forces is drawn around the development plan of the University of Tehran and the relationship between the claims of the said plan and the field of reality is measured using methodology.

Cities as geographic phenomena during recent decades through changes in globalization and enter the information age have become one of the leading elements of human life. So that urban development can be considered one of the most complex social developments in half a century. This development has brought with a series of problems such as marginalization, major cities etc. One of the most important issues in the uneven development in urban space and formation and development of class boundaries, especially in large cities of Third World such as Tehran, which affects the different organizing of the city and produce difficulty. On this basis, this paper has worked with the analytical method investigated the effects of development on the organizing of class boundaries in Tehran. Surveys indicate that the space in Tehran can be simply observed class boundaries such as income levels, access to facilities, access to green space, etc. These class boundaries in the city such gaps have fragmented the city. The results of this study indicate that existence of class boundaries in Tehran and its development has created different spaces that act as a barrier to organizing in Tehran.

The main issue of this paper is the relation between State and Capital in 1960s decade in Tehran through the “Tehran”. To analyze this issue, we used the theory of “production of space” and liberal Governance technique. According to the main question of the paper, among three aspects of production of space, representation of space is emphasized.

We have used regressive–progressive method of Lefebvre, and the technical method is document review. The comprehensive plan for Tehran was written in 1969.

This paper is to study the space and time of development that is hidden in the comprehensive plan to demonstrate the relationship between State and capital. As

Space and time of project crystallized capital space and space. Its implications was definition of happiness based on future that constitute its principles the accumulation of capital, population, and duality of leisure and labor. Its strategies is proficiency, sufficiency, and ultimately, also it’s linear designation of bases, consumption- led and imitation of project from mode- orientation of grand cities was as mediation of capital territoriality. Historical condition of relationship between state and capital in Iran meditating the legitimation crisis of Pahlavi government, for failure of development programs and ‘Tarhe Jame’ that it’s consequences was appeared at 1357 (1979) revolution. State has bounden necessarily to constituting of capital market and support of bureaucratic bourgeoisie in Iran. So can says of Liberality’s Government Art in authoritarian government and capital space and time in which would provoke to legitimation crisis every crisis in relationship between state and capital.

The legitimacy crisis of Pahlavi regime got deeper by determination of the development plan and its failure. This defeat is lead up to disorder in capital cycling and created crisis. The crisis added to all gaps between people and state, and then resulted in 1979 waves of dissatisfactions. However, in a country like Iran where the government supported the expansion of capital, any failure would immediately undermine the legitimacy of the government. This is because in Iran, an authoritarian government was formed first, and it was necessary to expose it to the vast territory of capital which was also accompanied by colonialism. This authoritarian and nationalist government, which began after the constitution and specifically under the rule of Reza Shah, had to provide the conditions for the expansion of capital. Reza Shah provided the infrastructure, but the Iranian bourgeoisie was supported during the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah; hence, in Iran, in the 1960s, a kind of bureaucratic bourgeoisie was formed, which depended on the support of the government and basically pledged its legitimacy to maintain it. At the same time, the government itself was responsible for the production of capital spaces and saw the longing of a millennial civilization in the construction of the ideal capital of the future.

The intertwining the social and the spatial, or what is called the social production of space, is the main theme of the theory of production of space that has been introduced by Henri Lefebvre in order to criticize the existent urban theories. In this theory, Lefebvre uses three concepts to explain the dialectic of spatial production: the space of representation, spatial representation and spatial practice. He applies this theory with these three concepts to introduce a thick description of everyday life. Rereading and criticizing Lefebvre theory is in fact a kind of revising and reformulating a range of ideas, concepts, methods and techniques which have been used in idealist and positivist philosophical traditions about space in past centuries. This theoretical contribution is about to introduce some themes for explaining the relation between urban dynamism and capital accumulation. It attempts specifically to analyze space as something that is produced and reproduced in social relations. The finding shows that this theory and some other more empirical contributions have the potential of explaining the nature and transformations of space.

Based on Lefebvre’s concepts and dialectical methodology this article studies production and transformation of urban space of BabolSar during Qajar and Pahlavi Era. It studies structures (Economy, culture, politics) and agencies (relationships of social forces) simultaneously and together, by using sources such as travel literature, documents, photos, local, national, and international histories, and applying technics like deep interview, group discussion, oral history and observation. Regarding to Lefebvre’s triad, and special experience of this city, constructed triad in this research includes ‘Spatial Practice’, ‘Economic Policies’, and ‘Political Economy’. Components of these three aspects are traced in seven historical periods which are constructed from the findings of this research. Applying dialectical triad during different periods shows economic and cultural turns in internal and external social forces. Finally, it shows transition in space from absolute space to abstract space and then to differential space. This research has tried to present an anthropologic interpretation focusing on these changes.

The purpose of this study is to present a theoretical model of interactions between urban policies and the informal life of the poor in urban space. In this regard, by reviewing and criticizing the theoretical traditions associated with the informal life of the poo, it emphasizes an alternative approach that can transcend the common dualities of formal- informal, structure- agency, and the heroic- troublemaker poor and highlights the spatial dimensions of urban politics regarding the informal life of them. This paper employs documentary method and available archive analysis to present a theoretical model about the dialectical relationship between urban politics and informal life of the poor in Iran. Accordingly, by combining Lefebvre's production theory and Foucault's relational approach to power, The study emphasizes the politics of representation and space organization politics in the triple ratio between the poor, urban politics and urban space, and demonstrate that this relational and consolidated approach can be helpful to understand the interweaving of urban politics and informal life of the poor in Iran. Finally the study shows that the outcome of urban politics about the informal life of the poor is the interaction of the mutual processes of exercising power and resistance, and considering the different types of this interaction is vital in analyzing the power struggles over the presence of the poor in the city.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the rights of the elderly to the city. The theoretical approach of the present study is based on Henri Lefebvre's theory of the "production of space" and "the right to the city" and the method of study is ethnographic. The technique of data collection used is observation and interview. Accordingly, 20 interviews were conducted through theoretical sampling. The results of the research show that sidewalks and streets are problematic for use, access, and availability for elderly people due to the high structure of concrete tables, inequality and disproportionate furniture; green spaces, cafes, alleys, and pathways are among the spatial sites of the neighborhoods that are determenants of facilitating the movement, settlement, and accommodation of the elderly but various defects deprive the elderly of memorizing, protecting and using the city. Social welfare and social organizations of the elderly have an unfavorable position for the elderly, and welfare services have been limited to medical and psychotherapy. The home for the elderly has become a supportive space against external hazards; it is more like a sanatorium than a place for the elderly to play a great deal of interaction. Finally, many psychological and existential injuries such as anxiety, depression, loneliness, and isolation, are not individualistic but are rooted in neglecting the right of the elderly to the city. Keywords: Spatial Deeds, Production of Space, the Right to the City, Elderly Citizens, Kermanshah

The presence of both men and women in the public spaces as citizens with rights, including the action’s right and the right to the city and participate in urban spaces is different. In urban areas, there is always a constant flow of exclusion and inclusion. The dual stream which is a derivative of the spatial Competition, has always been Forming the quality of Presence and spatial behavior of people and more accurate: spatialising. Spatialising. During the spatial Competition -that finally resulted in the rejection or acceptance, the presence or absence of one of the parties- often one that remains from the scene and in symbolic ways Be rejectedfrom space, is Woman. Today, despite multiple investigations under different names in relation to gender, urban spaces in our society As it should appropriate has not been obtained for both men and women. Therefore this article, investigate and analyze the effectiveness of gender In the exclusion and inclusion of people of Shoosh park. In the following, reproduce these codes and metaphorical borders of the landscape and urban space and manifested in the behavior of individuals in this space are studied. This article with utilizes the method of qualitative analysis and Techniques such as participant observation and interviews with 16 people who are associated with the Shoosh park, seeks to answer this question: Different Gender in the Shoosh park cause what kind of spatial differences? The results show in the Shoosh Park component of gender,is the most important component that maks the presence of different groups in space. In this way that some people excluded from Park space because of their gender,mutually some others attracted . Strengthen and prepare the context for active participation of women in local scale is the most important proposed policy, that More than anything historical roots and social status of women,s presence in the urban space considered. Accordingly implementation strategies not only in spatial changes, bus also looking for the socio-cultural and historical context of women,s presence in urban spaces.

This article seeks to examine the development of urban residential spaces in Kermanshah in 1996-2016. The theoretical framework of the research is based on Lefebvre’s views on production of space. The research method is qualitative and the data collection technique includes observation, interviews, and evidence analysis. The findings of the research indicate that the city has undergone external growth in different directions, especially northeast, northwest, southwest, and east during this time. Natural population growth and rural and urban immigration to Kermanshah are of the main reasons for the growth of the city in this period. Three processes have played a part in the development of the residential spaces of this period. First, the government-funded residential apartments policy, which stimulated the growth of Pardis, Dolatabad, Danesh, and Kianshahr towns. These towns brought about the dispersal and disruption of urban space. Also, due to a shortage of substructural facilities and public space, they are devoid of urban life. Neighborhood identity has yet to be developed there, and people tend to stay in their houses. Secondly, the growth of informal settlements of Darederaz, Nookan, Karnachi, and Dehpahn enjoy more dynamism in daily life in spite of the lack of substructures and shortage of facilities. Thirdly, the economic and recreational functions of the new residential spaces have made their interaction with the interurban arcades inevitable. Additionally, it has brought about the growth of the phenomenon of Alley Life, defined as spending one’s free time in alleys near their residence, as a tactic of resistance against the shortage of recreational space in the informal settlements.

During recent years, with the loss of economic, political, cultural and social structures efficiency, urban chaos is obvious in all its aspects. Urban crisis manifests in claims of citizenship and more and more people talk about “Right to the City”. Actually, this approach provides an appropriate conceptual tool to criticize status quo of today’s cities. In addition, to achieve an ideal situation we can extract very rich and creative ideas from the concept of “Right to the City ". In other words, the “Right to the City” is both the issue of the current city (present city) and the issue of the ideal city (a city that should be).
Present study aims to develop the philosophical origin of this concept from the perspective of its Lefebvreian origin. We maintain that accumulation of capital in modern capitalist societies occurs through urbanization but at the same time, monitoring and supervising the city get out of the control of the citizens and the benefits resulted from this urbanization will be seized in favor of capital (public or private). Right to the City, in general, seeks to take back the control of monitoring and supervising and taking advantage from urbanization of capital.
Since nowadays the “Right to the City” is driving force of many social movements and legal reforms around the world, some practical experiences in this regard will be expressed briefly. Experiences that show “Right to the City" is a "civil and legal” demand. Consequently, it can be said that some failures of urban planning in Iran are the result of ignoring this Right. At the end of the article, after reviewing the content of Henri Lefebvre on the "Right to the City ", some issues will be listed that cover this concept concisely and comprehensively in Tehran.

Pilgrimage is a social concept which has an association with sacred places and has long been of interest in different communities. Imam Reza's Holy Shrine is a sacred place which attracts millions of pilgrims every year. Due to the fact that there is a direct relationship and interaction between Mashhad pilgrims and inhabitants in this city, a spatial text of pilgrimage has been produced as a result of the pilgrimages in the destination. In the present article, spatial text of Imam Reza pilgrimage has been assessed on the basis of some dialecticians’ theories such as Henri Lefebvre’s. The ways that this spatial text can be produced, analyzed and characterized have been also evaluated; therefore, this study can be considered as a theoretical and analytical research of Imam Reza’s spatial text on a conceptual framework in accordance with Lefebvre’s model in which the existing binary oppositions and typology have been appraised. Based on these evaluations, some suggestions have been proposed apropos of Imam Reza’s spatial text and the obtained findings indicate that the spatial text of Imam Reza pilgrimage is a cultural text whose elements will provide religious awareness and recognition for both pilgrims and inhabitants. So, the effect of each element should be methodically assessed and prioritized when making decision about macro and micro elements of spatial text of Imam Reza pilgrimage.