جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "ساختار اجتماعی" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

Marriage under the age of 15 is called early marriage or child marriage, which is a sign of discrimination and violence against women. This phenomenon is a global problem and it is increasing in developing countries due to economic and cultural factors The paper aims at discovering the relationship between macroeconomic indicators and early marriage during .2010-2013 based on the data provided by Iran Statistical Centre. This is a "secondary analysis" based on previously collected data. The statistical population of the study are all 31 provinces of the country and the time interval between 2011 to 2021 have been studied. Excel and SPSS 25 data analysis tools and Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regressions were used. Pearson's test shows that provinces with higher unemployment rate (r=0.366) and higher fertility rate (r=-0.363) had the highest rate of early marriage. Finally, the regression model indicates that the macroeconomic index variables (coefficient Gini = 0.334, unemployment rate = 0.321, changes in inflation rate = 0.297, and changes in the Gini coefficient = 0.282 have a significant effect on the rate of early marriage in all provinces respectively. As a result, it can be said that increase in the rate of inflation and unemployment as well as Gini coefficient between 2012 and 2021 are significant factors in explaining increase the proportion of marriages under 15 in all provinces of the country

The duality of agency-structure regarding collective hypocritical behavior among Iranians has long been the subject of debate and controversy. In the meantime, some agency and others have considered the existing structure in the society as the main cause of this misbehavior. The current research aims to deeply investigate the causes of hypocritical behavior and provide a model to rectify it by focusing on the institution of education. The approach of qualitative and interdisciplinary research has been using data from sociology, psychology, law, literature, political science, international relations, etc. Data coding continued until theoretical saturation using the theme analysis method. The main categories are identified in the section on the cause of hypocritical behavior under the domination of the Giddens structure-action meta-theory. This theory considers the social norm as the result of agency-structure action. Doing so, oversimplification of hypocritical behavior, the negation of individuality, and historical determinism for the category of agency and state (organizational) monopoly, authoritarianism, the use of religion as a tool, and the autocracy of some managers, placing tradition against modernity and a sense of social despair against existing injustices emerged for the category of structure. Based on the requirements and limitations of the education proposal, meanwhile observing the theory of boundary actors, the categories of implementing the principle of meritocracy, and allocating competent resources, inserting the courses of moral philosophy and human rights in the curriculum, creating space for expert psychologists, trying to restore social capital, using every opportunity to create the context of modernity, implementing knowledge management, and consensus building in carrying out efficient civil action was also emerged as alternatives.

Home-based businesses in urban areas are important for the development of social indicators. The purpose of this article is the effect of home-based jobs on the social structure from the perspective of men and women in urban areas of Isfahan province. The present research is applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-causal research in nature. The statistical population of the study includes all employees in home-based businesses in Isfahan province, which according to the Statistics Center of Iran in November 2016 was 543073 people. Cochran's formula was used to calculate the statistical sample size, based on which the sample size is 384 Household was estimated. Then, using probabilistic sampling method, the questionnaires were distributed among 87 urban points of Isfahan province, which were randomly selected in 1400, so that half were distributed among women and the other half among men. The results showed that according to the variance explained from the perspective of women, the first to fourth factors are social harms, health system, participation and social relations and population structure, respectively. Also, from the perspective of men, the first to fourth factors are the health system, participation and social relations, social harms, and population structure.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the phenomenon of ambivalence of citizenship in managers of industrial companies in Iran. The current research was mixed research. The statistical population of the present research in the qualitative part included experts who are knowledgeable about the subject of the research. Also, the statistical population in the quantitative part of the research included managers of Iranian industrial companies. The research tool included semi-structured interviews and a special questionnaire for Dimtel, which was designed according to the research objectives and methods. Dimtel method was used to identify the pattern of causal relationships between the studied variables. The results of the present research revealed that the changes affecting the ambivalence of citizenship in managers of industrial companies in Iran include attraction of social coalition, concern, social structure, information scaffolding, job requirements, creating hope, harmonious behavior and trust building. The results of the above table revealed that the factors of creating hope and harmonious behavior were identified as causal factors and other factors were identified as causal factors. The results of this research show that the factor of harmonious behavior with a weight of 0.237 was determined to be the most important factor in citizenship ambivalence among managers of industrial companies in Iran.

Social inequality is one of the universal social phenomena that is easy yet difficult to recognize. Various sociological theoretical reflections in this regard prove the truth of this claim; the critical theories consider its foundation oppressive; While the consensus theories analyze its basis on the axis of natural processes. The origin of part of this issue can be found in not providing a clear formulation of its formation processes, which forms the main issue of this article. Along with the individual and psychological factors that are effective in the formation of inequality and social stratification, some structural factors also play a prominent role in this process, and the lack of theoretical explanations in this regard is documented to this issue. This research, which is organized by the method of logical analysis and the use of fundamental methodology, aims to specifically examine the social process affecting inequality and answer the question of what are the structural factors in the development of social inequality? The findings of this research in a macro formulation can be identified in two macro structural factors of the development of social stratification. These two factors are; Social positions and the level of social mobility and the role of culture in this process, which will be examined in this article.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of Mohaghegh Sabzevari's thought on the social behavior of the Safavid sultans, which was done by studying the available sources. The research method of this topic is descriptive, which is a documentary method by studying books, articles, and examining the theoretical foundations of the thinkers of the Safavid period. The findings show that with the emergence of the Safavid dynasty, a new page was turned in the way of governance and communication with the people to stabilize and develop the society in that period. With regard to the officialization of the Shia religion and its acceptance by the people, the Safavid sultans turned to the thinkers of the Shia scientific fields in order to legitimize themselves and adhere to the rational and rooted rules connected to the revelation and religious texts for the administration of the country. Scholars also seized this opportunity to promote Shiism to the level of political and social administration of the newly independent country of Iran, and began to theorize about the type of guardianship and jurist supervision over the monarchy. The importance of this issue comes from the fact that the rise and fall of any civilization is the result of accumulation, reproduction and degeneration, which is the social and political system of societies. In this situation, Mohaghegh Sabzevari strengthened the social behavior of the Safavid sultans and stabilized their government by presenting reformist ideas.

The Change in the Social and Political Structure of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad tribes during Pahlavi dynasty are affected by social and political changes of country, while these changes have mutually affected social and political development in Iran. In this article, the main purpose is to study the socio-political structure of the Lor tribes of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province in the era of the Pahlavi dynasty. In the study both historical and sociological methods have been used simultaneously. The policy of tribes’ settlement (Takht-e Qapoo), the enactment of the military service law, the disarmament of the tribes, and the implementation of the uniform cover policy, as well as land reform, are the four main pillars of the tribal policy of the Pahlavi dynasty, which led to fundamental political, social and structural changes of the power pyramid of the tribes. Prior to these changes, the Kadkhodas were completely subordinate to Khans, while government programs led to weakening of Khans power. This disrupted the traditional tribal structure and power pyramid of tribes. The changes in structure of the tribal system, led to increase of government’s monitoring and control. The political and social structure of the tribes of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad enabled them to withstand the pressure of the central government until the end of the third decade of the 20th century.

Each socio-political structure has its own hierarchy of power. The tribal structure as one of the most important traditional structures of Iran has also had its own hierarchy of power. The Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad tribes, as one of the most important and oldest tribes in the south of Iran, have yet been less studied and historically analyzed. The purpose of this article is to analyze the structure of political power in the traditional context of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad tribes from the perspective of historical sociology. Kohgiluyeh tribes include six tribes of Boyer-Ahmad, Basht and Bavi, Bahmaei, Charam, Taybi and Deshman-e-Ziari. The method of this article was a combination of documentary methods based on library resources and field research and the researchers' life experience. Based on the research findings, it can be said that social organization and stratification in this tribe is based on kinship nervousness, severe gender inequality and attributional characteristics and a kind of relatively static social mobility. The structure of power is based on a kind of hierarchical organizational pyramid, which respectively, from the base to the top of the pyramid includes: tribal people, elders, kadkhodians, khans. The nature of hierarchical command-obedience based on the influence of superiors and respect to them along with tribute to the lower classes.

Social, economic and political development in the modern era is not possible without the emphasis of policies and planning on knowledge and awareness, and modern and efficient social sciences have a special place in this. Social science will also be efficient and useful when it has the ability to understand problems and provide effective solutions for the target society. Due to the relativity of social sciences and their dependence on the contexts, cultures, and social contexts of the target society, this will not be achieved without indigenization of social sciences. Despite five decades of efforts and propaganda to localize social sciences in Iran, unfortunately, we do not see the formation or institutionalization of the process of local science production, and this shows the lack of understanding and recognition of the roots of the problem of non-production of science in the country. . Therefore, it is necessary first of all to try to understand these obstacles and then solve them. In this research, an attempt has been made to design a theory with related and coherent elements based on causal explanation, which, if successful, can turn part of the unknowns into information. In this research, the role of variables such as talent and psychology, education and learning system, work and employment system and finally politics and political system are examined and evaluated. In response to the failure to produce indigenous science, various theories and arguments have been proposed; Some consider the causes subjective and believe that the problem is caused by the mental elites or the mentalities of the scientific community; But some others look for the roots in the characteristics of the scientific community or the entire environment of the scientific community. Others refer to one of the elements and sub-systems of the whole system (economy, politics, society, or sociability) based on the Parsonsian model. Apparently, none of the mentioned approaches regarding Iran can be considered convincing; Therefore, the problem of this research is that; What model can be used to analyze the effective factors in the lack of indigenous science production in Iran? Is it not possible to reach a meaningful integrated model with individual and social elements as well as mental and structural elements?

The role of people in the formation of Islamic state based on the opinions of jurists in legitimizing to qualified Velayate-faghih according to the theory of election and appointment. The main structure of the difference between these two theory is based on the origin of sovereignty and the basis of the legitimacy of Velayat-e faqih, which differs from each of these views.In other words, the difference in the position of representation in these theories that the jurisprudent in this theory is the representative of God and the representative of the people is the basis of the difference in other works and the results of each of these views with the other.According to the findings of this research, it can be stated that the issue of Velayat-e faqih has long been mentioned among the Shi'a jurisprudents, and all the rulers of the Velayat-e faqih have explained it as the basis for the appointment by the Imams. Therefore, Imam Khomeini has been appointed by the Imam to the Velayat and has divine legitimacy, not the people, and the role of the people in this theory of efficiency. While in theory of election, the legitimacy of the velayat-e faqih is popular and the rights of the jurisprudents are limited by the people.

Ibn Khaldun's attitude as a philosopher toward history is not limited to theoretical philosophy of history and includes critical philosophy or philosophy of history science. According to Ibn-Khaldun, the historical method is based on two principles of critique and explanation. No history can really be called science unless it is critical and Ali's. In this regard, in this paper, Ibn Khaldun, in consideration of the two principles in question, redefined Ibn Khaldun's view of the limits and directions of degeneracy. From the point of view of the contradiction between social structures and cultural structures, using the theoretical framework of Robert Merton, and drawing on the historical method, in the context of the theory of these two, the social and cultural structure of the Bedouin from the moment of entering the urban life as As the day goes by, the contradiction between their structures increases, and this goes so far. The river which ultimately does not result in the decline of the state.

The phenomenon of domestic violence is considered as the origin of many individual and social harms and it occurs in all developed and developing countries and among all socio-economic, age, and vocational groups. In the current study, using the qualitative approach of grounded theory, husbands' violence against wives was studied based on the viewpoint and life experience of women affected by violence.
In order to collect data 35 women who were victims of violence and had referred to the social emergency centers were interviewed. The research findings were classified in 29 primary concepts in open coding, then were classified in eight main categories. The canonical category obtained as "the reflection of socio-cultural structure of the society".
The results show that the highest rate of violence has been experienced among women aged 30 to 40 years. Findings of this study show that among types of violence, psycho-emotional and physical violence is more common. The qualitative findings of the current study, while referring to the general elements of husbands' violence against women such as low level of education, unemployment, poverty, and the undesirable economic conditions, also presented some special categories like the existence of patriarchal thoughts, compulsory marriage, the reduction in interpersonal trust, the reduction in social support, experiencing violence in family of origin, low level of women's authority in the family structure, and the reduction in cooperation in the family

Before the collapse of their social and political organization, resident Lur tribes in south-west of Iran had a remarkable role in national production and keeping and preservation of frontiers. Regarding population and area of residence, bakhtiary and Bahmaei tribes are among major ethnic groups in this part of Iran. Though performing forced habitation and settlement of tribes in Pahlavi era imported terrible strikes on these tribes, but the process of changing the system of stratification and the structure and ethnic pertinence and the geography of their residence has gone on so far as a continued process. This study which is carried out by the historic sociological approach and historic analytical method, tries to examine and analyze the stratification system of the resident people of Izeh and Ramhormoz counties and the recent transformations of the mentioned tribes who are living in these regions. The findings of this study is based on interviews, participatory observations and documentary views, indicates that the inclination to settle the tribes in the cities of Ramhormoz and Izeh is significantly under the influence of cultural tendencies of the ethnic group. Familial relations in the tribe, clan, and gens units have internalized traditional norms that have become loosened with the passage of time but still remained stable.

This paper focuses on the comparative method to study social features, meaningful action that collective subject, Social themes repetitive, identifying class status and its reflection on the plot and characters in the novel author, relationship and dialogue between the structure of the novel by literary scholar and social structure .Has experienced a scholar of life from two different class, but always with educated, intellectuals and scholars of science and literature have been settled, those experiences have affected class in the works and characters of his stories. Daneshvar 's novels characters, are both social class, "the nobility and the poor". The findings show that most of the people he has chosen characters in his stories their environment In his later novels, female characters chosen from among the students and the academics. Sowva-Shoon's novel the rise of the author to run for the realism circuit. Danshvr the starting point of Ali's idea of individualism to community-oriented, From submission to revolt against his life, the woman emotional and rational, and active and passive woman to the point of thinking to the realm of popular social viewpoint. As a result of has a significant influence social change and revolution to factors such as internal and external communication and correspondence literary structure and social structure in the creation and evolution of the characters in the story.

Cultural ecology is a knowledge that investigates and analyzes the cultural aspects of human relevancy with their surrounding nature. History indicates that humans continually use their surrounding environment and resources in order to survive, developing and forming his culture and civilization and, through this means, he was able to achieve knowledge and experience that can say courageously that these achievements are a part of the national capital of any tribe. Therefore, Indigenous Ecological knowledge (IEK) in rangeland management and pastoralism is one of the dimensions that is discussed in cultural ecology. Thereby, this research investigated the cultural ecology analysis and indigenous knowledge role in different dimensions of rangeland management and pastoralism in Ghasr-E-Yaghoub region in the north of Fars Province. This research conducted as survey method that used direct observation for producing data, cooperative observation and organized interview methods. This research investigated the different aspects of stakeholders’ culture and indigenous knowledge in rangeland management mechanism among them and states that stakeholders for confronting to hardships of social and economic, continental and also occasionally available resources deficiency, are forced to create a social structure for rangeland utilizing. In this structure the members have different or similar roles that based on partnership and cooperation with each other, manage the livestock for a specified time in rangeland. The total sum of these relations and interactions lead to forming a rich and traditional culture from pastoralism indigenous knowledge that in addition to facilitating of routine activities and correlated to pastoralism is also underlying of village social structures maintain.

In recent decades, the world witnessed immense developments and progresses in electronic technologies. Computers and the internet have become necessary tools which are affecting all individual and social dimensions of people's lives. With the increased influence of the internet in people's lives and in societies across the world, internet and computer crimes have also risen. The peculiar nature and characteristics of cybercrimes as including trans-national and global dimensions, an absence of global agreement around a unified legal definition of cybercrimes, rapid pace of such crimes being committed, lack of certain procedures on mutual cooperation and high prices incurred by the discovery of such crimes have caused judicial and police authorities to face serious challenges. Hence, determination of the nature and the growth rate of such crimes as well as its outcomes seem necessary. The studies done in various human science areas could be promising in this field. The current article, using gathered documents methods, is an introduction to cybercrimes and aims to explore this issue as well as related statistics. It will also review sociological theories provided in this regard and explain these crimes as well. The theories examined will be discussed in form of three general categories of social structure, social process and social reaction.

Probably, emotion is one of the most frequent terms which have been gotten attention for explaining the human modes so far. Changes of human mood are often linked to emotions and human beings are considered as emotional creatures. Emotion as a biological phenomenon was addressed by psychologists in the past decades. However, with advances in sociological studies and attention to language and its structural rules, there has been created more opportunities to study the sociological feelings. Were emotions considered as a physical phenomenon and biological changes once, they are considered as a linguistic phenomenon being resulted of cultural changes now. But like other sociological domains, this new one has also being influenced by theoretical discussions. The differentiation of opinion between positivists and social constructionists and role of social structure in the formation of feelings are involved among the discussions in this area. The article is due to by offering positivist and social constructionist perspectives and studying the role of power and statue in the social structure, contributes a little to the differentiation of these views in the area of the sociology of emotions.