جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "ساختار اجتماعی" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

Marriage under the age of 15 is called early marriage or child marriage, which is a sign of discrimination and violence against women. This phenomenon is a global problem and it is increasing in developing countries due to economic and cultural factors The paper aims at discovering the relationship between macroeconomic indicators and early marriage during .2010-2013 based on the data provided by Iran Statistical Centre. This is a "secondary analysis" based on previously collected data. The statistical population of the study are all 31 provinces of the country and the time interval between 2011 to 2021 have been studied. Excel and SPSS 25 data analysis tools and Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regressions were used. Pearson's test shows that provinces with higher unemployment rate (r=0.366) and higher fertility rate (r=-0.363) had the highest rate of early marriage. Finally, the regression model indicates that the macroeconomic index variables (coefficient Gini = 0.334, unemployment rate = 0.321, changes in inflation rate = 0.297, and changes in the Gini coefficient = 0.282 have a significant effect on the rate of early marriage in all provinces respectively. As a result, it can be said that increase in the rate of inflation and unemployment as well as Gini coefficient between 2012 and 2021 are significant factors in explaining increase the proportion of marriages under 15 in all provinces of the country

Rape, as one of the most important examples of violence against women, has many unfortunate consequences for victims in this area. However, the etiological explanation of rape in the form of mainstream criminological theories and the presentation of preventive approaches in the light of these theories indicate the failure of theoretical and practical approaches to the mainstream in the realm of rape. Accordingly, in new approaches using sociological theories, an attempt is made to analyze the phenomenon of rape as a social action in the context of social relations. One of the most important theories in this field that has been neglected in feminist criminology studies so far is the theory of social structure and its role in committing the crime of rape. Social structure as a critical and constructivist theory, with emphasis on cultural and normative models, on the one hand, defines social relations as fundamental patterns of society and, on the other hand, reproduces the expected actions and behaviors in the structure of society. Based on the findings of this study, gender patterns in society and gender relations are derived from social structures in this area. Therefore, gender discrimination in different societies is derived from the power in the social structure, which is institutionalized in the mental stereotypes of individuals and has led to the domination of men over women. In addition, the configuration of the social structure of gender relations with emphasis on characteristics such as patriarchal social hegemony, a gendered view of women, and patriarchal social institutions promotes the crime of rape.

Implementation of land reforms in Iran has brought about significant social and geographical changes in rural villages across the country. These changes have predominantly disrupted the existing social structures in these rural areas. While several studies have been conducted on this subject, few have explored the local perspective and the context-specific nature of these social structures. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effects of land reforms on the social structure of Qaleh Shian Village in Kermanshah Province. The research adopted a qualitative paradigm and employed a descriptive-exploratory methodology. The study population comprised individuals, who possessed a deep understanding of the village and had resided there for over 50 years, with their lands being subject to land reform laws. These individuals were selected through purposive sampling and data were collected through individual and semi-structured in-depth interviews. Content analysis was conducted for data analysis. The research findings revealed that prior to land reforms, the social structure of Qaleh Shian Village had encompassed a ruling class (consisting of landlords, sharecroppers, and overseers), independents (including landowners, independent farmers, and settlers), and followers (comprising tenant farmers, sharecroppers, day laborers, and migrants). However, after the implementation of land reforms, this classification had undergone changes, resulting in a social structure characterized by landowners (comprising large and small landowners, as well as water rights holders), followers (including agricultural laborers and settlers), and educated individuals (comprising educators, teachers, physicians, and supporters). Furthermore, the results indicated that although land reforms had mitigated social inequalities to some extent and partially fulfilled people's expectations, landlords, sharecroppers, and overseers continued to wield social status and power within the community. Based on these research findings, it is recommended that planners and policymakers give due consideration to the geographical factor in social structuring during land reforms.

The duality of agency-structure regarding collective hypocritical behavior among Iranians has long been the subject of debate and controversy. In the meantime, some agency and others have considered the existing structure in the society as the main cause of this misbehavior. The current research aims to deeply investigate the causes of hypocritical behavior and provide a model to rectify it by focusing on the institution of education. The approach of qualitative and interdisciplinary research has been using data from sociology, psychology, law, literature, political science, international relations, etc. Data coding continued until theoretical saturation using the theme analysis method. The main categories are identified in the section on the cause of hypocritical behavior under the domination of the Giddens structure-action meta-theory. This theory considers the social norm as the result of agency-structure action. Doing so, oversimplification of hypocritical behavior, the negation of individuality, and historical determinism for the category of agency and state (organizational) monopoly, authoritarianism, the use of religion as a tool, and the autocracy of some managers, placing tradition against modernity and a sense of social despair against existing injustices emerged for the category of structure. Based on the requirements and limitations of the education proposal, meanwhile observing the theory of boundary actors, the categories of implementing the principle of meritocracy, and allocating competent resources, inserting the courses of moral philosophy and human rights in the curriculum, creating space for expert psychologists, trying to restore social capital, using every opportunity to create the context of modernity, implementing knowledge management, and consensus building in carrying out efficient civil action was also emerged as alternatives.

In this article, based on the social structure presented by Vent in the constructivist approach, the analysis of the formation and expansion of the power axis of the Islamic resistance in the West Asian region has been analyzed. Based on this, the triple infrastructures of semantic, material and interests have been analyzed in relation to the West Asian region in order to understand the role of semantic and identity factors, the material environment and the type of interpretation of its actors and the structure of quadruple interests including ontological security, security Material, development and identification in the formation and expansion of the axis of Islamic resistance with emphasis on the leadership of c. AA evaluated. The author starts compiling this research with the premise that one or more material or semantic factors alone cannot be effective in the formation and expansion of the axis of Islamic resistance. The main question of this research is: From the perspective of structuralism, how did the social structure of the West Asian region play a role in the formation of the expansion of the power axis of the Islamic resistance? This article is written in an analytical-descriptive way.

For the first time, Wikander, with his research on Mahabharat and the Shahname, suggested that the warrior class among the Aryan people was an independent class of social structure, and that the clergy and the peasants constituted two other classes. By placing the group of rulers next to the clergy in the first class and examining the social structure of other Indo-European peoples, Dumézil extended the theory of the threple systhem social structure to other societies of this nation. He believed that in addition to the social structure, gods, families, and even more detailed concepts such as medicine, fire, and Farrah in Iran followed this structure. But by examining these issues in more detail in Shahname and Mahabharat, we can say that many of Dumézil's analyzes can be criticized. In this article, an attempt has been made to critically examine the foundations of Dumézil's theory based on the myths and epics of India and Iran, and to critique and analyze this theory. According to studies, it seems that social classes and other concepts that Dumézil emphasizes are not very separable and demarcating. On the other hand, the peasantry in Indo-Iranian beliefs was not as important as other classes and Contrary to Dumézil's view, craftsmanship has a long history in these societies.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of social distancing in the future of the social structure of Tehran. The research method was qualitative studies and was carried out using the Delphi method. In this research, twenty experts in the fields related to the corona phenomenon and social distancing were identified by snowball method, they were interviewed and through expressing their experiences, the influential components of the social distancing phenomenon and its impact on different aspects and changes in the social structure. Determined. The tool of this research was a questionnaire that was conducted through the Delphi technique in four stages. Spss and Excel software were used to classify statistical cases and general consensus and reliability. After analyzing the qualitative data, five main themes were presented, which are: public culture, social life, new communication media, family structure, social classes. Each of these themes had several subcategories, which are preferably discussed in the final chapters. Among these categories, we can mention the explosion of information and knowledge, multiple digitization, increasing social demand in economic and political structures, rethinking the cultural system governing the society, and the role of trust and social capital between the government and the nation. The results of the research showed that the social distancing caused by the corona virus, despite the many material and spiritual costs it imposed on the society, provided a suitable opportunity to review and rethink the social, political, economic and cultural structures and the lives of people

The planned research is a quantitative research that was conducted with a survey method.The aim of this research was to show the priority of each structure in the level of underdevelopment of Iranian society by ranking the different structures of the Iranian society and ranking its indicators.The following results were obtained:The comparison of the average ranks based on the Friedman test shows that the most important indicators of underdevelopment according to the studied people are, respectively, social structure 5.89, cultural structure 5.06, geographical structure 3.27, economic structure 3.09, legal structure 29. 2, and the political structure is 1/40 Also, among the indicators of social structure, respectively, party-playing and rent-seeking 7/83, individualism 6/31, traditionalism and conservatism 6/26, uncriticism 6/18, indifference 6/14 Among the indicators of the cultural structure, 6/96 people are ethnocentric, 6/64 are liars, jealous, hypocrites and flatterers, 6/33 alienation from history, Among the indicators of geographical structure, in the order of foreign sanctions 4.02, interference by foreigners 3.64, strategic location 3.52, attacks by foreigners 3.49, Among the indicators of economic structure, lack of technological development and industrial progress 5.18, lack of free public education 4.99, lack of sufficient income 4.34, lack of economic growth 3.57 have

The present article with the title; The systemic model of social structure is from the perspective of Imam Ali (AS), which collects information in a descriptive-analytical way with a documentary-library method, and the type of analysis is based on content analysis. The stratification system is one of the concepts that is studied and analyzed in the description of the social structure. And the Islamic society is like a supersystem that is made up of sub-systems. Therefore, this work seeks to explain the existence of systems and transform it into the correct social model, as well as the characteristics and tasks of each system in the form of inputs and processes of the system model in order to achieve the hypothesis that the existence of these subsystems and supersystems in society requires each other, pays.Therefore, according to the outputs of the systemic model, the goal of this work is that Imam Ali (a.s.) mentioned the need and dependence of each class on each other in Nahj al-Balagha, and the consistency and stability of each class to reach He knows the stage of evolution and excellence dependent on other classes; In addition, the results show that the systemic model of the social structure has input elements, process elements and output elements.

Home-based businesses in urban areas are important for the development of social indicators. The purpose of this article is the effect of home-based jobs on the social structure from the perspective of men and women in urban areas of Isfahan province. The present research is applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-causal research in nature. The statistical population of the study includes all employees in home-based businesses in Isfahan province, which according to the Statistics Center of Iran in November 2016 was 543073 people. Cochran's formula was used to calculate the statistical sample size, based on which the sample size is 384 Household was estimated. Then, using probabilistic sampling method, the questionnaires were distributed among 87 urban points of Isfahan province, which were randomly selected in 1400, so that half were distributed among women and the other half among men. The results showed that according to the variance explained from the perspective of women, the first to fourth factors are social harms, health system, participation and social relations and population structure, respectively. Also, from the perspective of men, the first to fourth factors are the health system, participation and social relations, social harms, and population structure.

Familiarization of Iranians with the political and social structures of the West laid the foundation for the formation of modern ideas in Iran; the first clear example of it can be seen in the Iranian constitution. The formation of the constitutional system caused changes in the social-cultural fields as well as in the political field; Attention to issues such as citizenship rights, women's rights and children's rights are among them.

The present research was collected using a qualitative method using the content analysis technique.

The investigation of fictional sources in the dual representation and creation of children's rights in fiction literature from the constitutional period (1285) to the end of the first Pahlavi period (1320) shows that after the constitution and at the same time as the modern state was formed in Iran, some limited social policies It has also been done in relation to children's rights. In the fiction literature of this period in relation to children's rights, three issues of dropping out of education, child marriage and children of divorce have received the most attention; Also, in the construction of childhood, a child with social rights has been introduced who, while enjoying modern education, experiences childhood during his childhood.

The representation of discriminations regarding children's rights in these fictional texts and the discussion of children's rights after that has created social understanding regarding children's rights in Iranian society. The expansion of this social understanding has played an important role in social policies regarding children's rights in Iran from 1285 to 1320.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the phenomenon of ambivalence of citizenship in managers of industrial companies in Iran. The current research was mixed research. The statistical population of the present research in the qualitative part included experts who are knowledgeable about the subject of the research. Also, the statistical population in the quantitative part of the research included managers of Iranian industrial companies. The research tool included semi-structured interviews and a special questionnaire for Dimtel, which was designed according to the research objectives and methods. Dimtel method was used to identify the pattern of causal relationships between the studied variables. The results of the present research revealed that the changes affecting the ambivalence of citizenship in managers of industrial companies in Iran include attraction of social coalition, concern, social structure, information scaffolding, job requirements, creating hope, harmonious behavior and trust building. The results of the above table revealed that the factors of creating hope and harmonious behavior were identified as causal factors and other factors were identified as causal factors. The results of this research show that the factor of harmonious behavior with a weight of 0.237 was determined to be the most important factor in citizenship ambivalence among managers of industrial companies in Iran.

Looking at the history of science in contemporary Iran, it becomes clear that the entry of new sciences in Iran has not been balanced. In the beginning, technical and medical sciences entered Iran. Over time, but more slowly, new thoughts and ideas that showed themselves in the form of political and social concepts such as constitutionalism, parliament, constitution, etc. were introduced and introduced to the people of this land under humanities. With the passage of time and the feeling of the need to modernize the country, especially during the first Pahlavi period, the academic system or university system was established in the country and parallel to that, the new human sciences gradually expanded.Due to its intellectual nature and its connection with the concepts, ideas and thoughts of individuals and social groups, humanities includes its own approaches, terms and values. One of the most important points that are discussed in our society, but in practice it is forgotten, is to pay attention to the key point that the basis of the transformation of Western societies since the Renaissance period is the transformation in the field of humanities. The main issue of this article is to examine the challenges of humanities in Iran. For this purpose, by using the theory of institutionalism and the emphasis that this point of view has on institutions such as political structure, cultural structure, intellectual structure and common traditions of society, the challenges of humanities in Iran are investigated.

In the 1940s, Iran was involved in many events, including the coup d’état of 28 mordad/19 August 1953, Modernism and modernity symbolically, expansion of the petty bourgeois social class due to oil revenues from the signing of the Consortium Agreement and the economy is going bankrupt. In order to increase the purchasing power of farmers, find a market for urban industrial products, increase agricultural products, prevent the peasant revolution, stabilize the political system, and use rural labor in urban industries, the then Iranian government implemented a land reform plan in three stages. This research has described the consequences of land reform on the social structure of Iran with a descriptive-analytical method. The results indicate that land reform has consequences such as the formation of a new system of social stratification in rural areas, the emergence of government petty bourgeoisie in agriculture, the gradual disappearance of the rural organization called ‘Baneh’ in rural areas, accelerated rural–urban migration, agricultural disintegration, development bureaucracy and Centralism in rural areas, increasing social inequalities between farmers, unequal land distribution, rising unemployment, and the expansion of the exploitation system based on land capitalism in Iran.

Land reforms have a unique position. Agrarian reforms changed the status of other social classes such as merchants, traders and usurers. What is the most important effect of land reforms on the rural petty bourgeoisie of Kermanshah and Ilam? The answer to this hypothesis is that the rural artisan class was weakened after the land reforms. The reason for this was the entry of urban goods into the village.

The research method is descriptive-analytical with using books, theses and articles. The first-hand sources are legal books and the second-hand sources are current researches and related articles, which have been used in publications and internet and research sites and researches related to the subject of the research.

After analyzing the data obtained from the articles according to the causal conditions, mediating conditions, strategies and consequences of the phenomenon are categorized. These major categories and core categories have been extracted that it’s number of major categories is 22, and the number of major articles is 8, The theme of capitalist pressure, the number of articles 24, the number of major categories, the number of major articles 8, the theme of agricultural mechanization, causal conditions in the process of data analysis,((Commercialization of agriculture)), ((Transition from land ownership)), ((Emergence of modern lord and serf system)), ((Capitalist pressure)), ((Development of urbanization)), ((Oil)), and ((Low efficiency)) were the main categories of causal conditions.

One of the characteristics of the land reform program in Kermanshah and Ilam was the adaptation of the land distribution to the traditional classification of the rural society. In this sense, some rural groups were called the well-to-do bourgeois. After the distribution of land between the farmers and the expansion of the relationship between the urban and rural society, the urban storekeepers became The consumption needs of the villagers were brought to the village and sold. Simultaneously with the growth of the peasant class, the class of rural workers also expanded, and a large part of the villagers who did not own land started working as laborers in other economic sectors. The decrease in the capacity of the agricultural sector in attracting the active forces of the rural community aggravated this problem and increased the number of unemployed people. These forces migrated to the city center and other regions in order to find jobs.

Social inequality is one of the universal social phenomena that is easy yet difficult to recognize. Various sociological theoretical reflections in this regard prove the truth of this claim; the critical theories consider its foundation oppressive; While the consensus theories analyze its basis on the axis of natural processes. The origin of part of this issue can be found in not providing a clear formulation of its formation processes, which forms the main issue of this article. Along with the individual and psychological factors that are effective in the formation of inequality and social stratification, some structural factors also play a prominent role in this process, and the lack of theoretical explanations in this regard is documented to this issue. This research, which is organized by the method of logical analysis and the use of fundamental methodology, aims to specifically examine the social process affecting inequality and answer the question of what are the structural factors in the development of social inequality? The findings of this research in a macro formulation can be identified in two macro structural factors of the development of social stratification. These two factors are; Social positions and the level of social mobility and the role of culture in this process, which will be examined in this article.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of Mohaghegh Sabzevari's thought on the social behavior of the Safavid sultans, which was done by studying the available sources. The research method of this topic is descriptive, which is a documentary method by studying books, articles, and examining the theoretical foundations of the thinkers of the Safavid period. The findings show that with the emergence of the Safavid dynasty, a new page was turned in the way of governance and communication with the people to stabilize and develop the society in that period. With regard to the officialization of the Shia religion and its acceptance by the people, the Safavid sultans turned to the thinkers of the Shia scientific fields in order to legitimize themselves and adhere to the rational and rooted rules connected to the revelation and religious texts for the administration of the country. Scholars also seized this opportunity to promote Shiism to the level of political and social administration of the newly independent country of Iran, and began to theorize about the type of guardianship and jurist supervision over the monarchy. The importance of this issue comes from the fact that the rise and fall of any civilization is the result of accumulation, reproduction and degeneration, which is the social and political system of societies. In this situation, Mohaghegh Sabzevari strengthened the social behavior of the Safavid sultans and stabilized their government by presenting reformist ideas.

Literary works of the Awakening and post-constitutional period have many social and political aspects and can be critiqued from a sociological point of view. One of the effective methods in criticizing literary texts, especially short stories, is sociological critique. In this method, the relationship between the structure and content of the story with the situation and changes in society is examined and how the artistic reflection and representation of society in the imaginary world of literary work is criticized and analyzed. The history of this kind of research and application of this method in Iranian short story criticism has proved the effectiveness of sociological criticism in short story criticism and study. Short story as a form of fiction was formed in Iran around 1300 AH by people like Jamalzadeh and continued its development along with literary currents. The first generation of short story writers, while getting acquainted with this emerging phenomenon, were able to create remarkable works and each of them followed a specific style that in the future, laid the foundation of Iranian short stories. In this research, the author has come to the conclusion through analytical-descriptive method and based on the theoretical framework of social criticism that the short story, like any other literary phenomenon, has continued to live in line with society and socio-political currents. Influenced and influenced by the community. Therefore, examining the content of this type of literature can be a new approach in the field of social studies.

The present article dealt with the sociological analysis and reading of some of the Sarhadi Baluchi's proverbs. This study examined the manifestation of social structures and ritual values in the Baluchi proverbs of the Sarhadi dialect, based on the people-oriented approach of Michael Borawy. The knowledge of social movements and elements and the study of the laws governing these movements is one of the main tasks of sociology, and social life is linked to popular literature through its oral aspect. Bonding with cultural studies, the people-oriented sociology deals with the experience and life style of the people, heritage, structure and cultural assets of a society, using folklore data that represent people's beliefs and practices. The research method is qualitative and the data collection has been done based on content analysis, which is one of the most common methods of identifying literary works. The proverbs have been collected as field research and library-study method. The research’s findings showed that many significant actions of the social structure of the Baluch people in the form of folk traditions and holy rituals such as asylum, court, assistance, revenge, swearing oath, sword and shroud, salt bread (hospitality), etc. are vividly reflected in the Baluchi proverbs.