جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سکونتگاه غیررسمی » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

The rapid growth of informal settlements has many negative consequences for cities and urban management and has caused a decline in the quality of life of the residents of those areas and the residents of Urmia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the quality of life of residents of informal settlements in target areas in the city of Urmia.

Using   cluster   sampling   method, four settlements   of   Islamabad1, HajiPirloo, Islamabad2, and Tarzilo were selected as the target areas. Data analysis was performed using Excel, Spss software and  T-test.

The average general quality of life of informal settlements of Islamabad2 and HajiPirloo, based on the Likert scale, at an average level of 1<3.06 ,2.92<5, and Islamabad1settlement with an average level of 2.77 below the average level and Tarzilo settlement has been evaluated with an average of 3.22 in the average range with moderate theory 3 and urban regeneration policies have had a moderate and favorable effect on the quality of life of the target areas except Islamabad1 settlement.

One of the important tasks of urban planners and city managers is to identify inequalities in quality of life indicators at the level of disordered neighborhoods. Because urban planners believe that planning should be in line with improving the quality of life as one of the most important goals of public policy. In fact, the results of the work help to improve the organization of deprived areas of the city and create equal opportunities for citizens and improve the level of factors that affect residents' satisfaction with the quality of life.

The general purpose of the present research is to assess societal security and identify the level of vulnerability in the informal settlement of the “Koshtargah”.

The present research is of descriptive-analytical type and is of applied nature. The information has been collected in two ways: documents and field. In this research, societal security is considered as an independent variable, while economic, social, environmental and physical, cultural and political dimensions are considered as dependent variables. The statistical population of this research is the residents of “Koshtargah” neighborhood. According to the statistics released by “Statistics Center”; 15,000 people lived in the neighborhood in 2016. The sample size is based on Cochran's formula and 374 people are randomly selected. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts, and the reliability of the questionnaire was also confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test with a coefficient of 0.706. Data analysis has been done quantitatively and qualitatively. Single-sample t-test, Friedman, Spearman's correlation and Kriging method were used to evaluate the data.

The results show that according to the location data, the damage rate in the middle part of the neighborhood is higher than other parts of the neighborhood. Given the analysis of questionnaire data, the economic dimension with an average of 2.67 is in an undesirable situation compared to other dimensions. According to the results of Spearman's correlation test; economic, social, environmental and physical, cultural and political dimensions have a significant and direct relationship with societal security. Based on the results of the present research, societal security in “Koshtargah” neighborhood is at an average level. According to the results of the Friedman test, the economic dimension ranks last among other dimensions that require the urban management to pay more attention to it.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact that Land Ownership Laws have had on the appearance and taking shape of informal settlements. After the 1979 Iranian revolution, laws were enacted that, fueled the expansion of the informal land and housing market through confiscation and expropriation of some urban lands, and by creating uncertainty and ambiguity about the ownership and legal entitlement to Waqf (charitable endowment or bequest for public benefit) land and waste lands. With the start of the Iran – Iraq war in 1980 and the necessity of resettling the displaced people, under the influence of the revolutionary slogans of support for the disadvantaged and the dispossessed coinciding with changes in the laws pertaining to the ownership of land and housing, this informal market grew ever more. In the following decades, with the changes in economic policies and the removal of low-income people from the urban planning system and the lack of access of low-income groups to housing, these informal settlements increased in such a way that by 2015, about 11 million people were living in areas occupying 62 thousand hectares of land. This research is conducted following historical-adaptive methodologies presenting a mixed empirical/secondary literature review design, where three settlements of Nasimshahr (Akbarabad), Shahrquds and Khak Sefid neighborhood are compared. The findings show that these settlements are formed as a result of demand for housing amongst the lower income groups of the population, taking advantage of the uncertainties and ambiguities within land and property laws. Although informal settlements allow their residents to benefit from the economic and social advantages of informality in the beginning, as these settlements shift towards official markets and as the pressure from new settlers increase the original settlers either lose the benefits that living in the informal settlements bring to them or are prevented from upgrading their neighborhoods by the new land and housing ownership laws.

Lack of attention to the structural features of informal settlements by advancing partisan-based solutions in dealing with this urban problem is increasing the scope of problems in these settlements day by day. The metropolis of Tabriz, as the most important population center in the northwest of the country, is one of the cities that has faced the problem of informal settlement. The aim of this study is to identify the challenges of the Akhmakiyeh neighborhood as one of the informal settlements in Tabriz. The research method is descriptive-analytical and in order to analyze the data, the questionnaire, and t-test, Friedman, and correlation tests were used. The research data was collected using library studies and field research and the sample size was 378 based on Cochran's formula. The indicators determined in this research are "physical", "social", "economic", and "infrastructure", respectively. The results of data analysis and questionnaires showed that Akhmakiyeh neighborhood was lower than average in terms of structural features (physical, social, economic, and infrastructure) and the highest level of satisfaction of residents of Akhmakiyeh neighborhood of Tabriz among The studied components were related to the social component, followed by the "infrastructure" component, the physical component, and finally the lowest satisfaction related to the economic component, and in general the residents' satisfaction with the structural indicators of informal settlements. It was not the same. Other findings showed that there was a significant and positive relationship between infrastructure quality and economic quality of the Akhmakiyeh neighborhood.

Security is one of the basic needs of human beings and the prerequisite for a healthy society. To that effect, social sustainability factor is one of the factors which could contribute to helping various individuals and groups achieve public interests such as security and security feeling in urban environments. The present study is aimed at investigating the role of sustainability in the security of urban neighborhoods and also to assess the factors effective in social stability and security in the two neighborhoods: "Jolan" (conventional neighborhood) and "Hesar" (informal settlement) from the perspective of neighborhood residents.

Descriptive-analytical research method and texts reviewing methods, visual documents and references were used in the library's studies. Case study method and observation research method have been used in the platform of field studies, as well as questionnaire were the tools used in the research. The statistical population is two groups of neighborhood residents. In this study, cluster and Cochran sampling methods have been used. In the meantime, given the research objectives and questions, SPSS and LISREL were used to calculate and analyze the value of factor loads and the correlation coefficient between components and indicators.

The research findings reveal the significant impact of socio-cultural sustainability on the security of the studied neighborhoods. In these two neighborhoods, there is direct and causal relationship between sustainability and the security components, so that in coincidence with the enhancement of social sustainability, security level also enhances in the neighborhoods. In fact, it could be argued that a more sustainable neighborhood means a safer neighborhood.

Informal settlements are emanation of poverty which originated from housing policy incompetence along with inattention to requirements of large part of urban low income people. Relying on some factors like geographical location, utility of place, social attributes of occupant groups, services and facilities level, future programs, and level of hope for the future, these settlements has different residential value and subsequently different development direction, in some cases, these settlements significantly has been improved. finds of this research indicates that various effective index on the poor subsistence, such as demographic index, occupation and insurance, accessibility, housing, facilities, access to formal funds for housing and vocation securance, has been improved.in most of cases, this trend has been tangible and significant. However, due to merger of settlement in city and expansion of urban culture in there, some of the indicators that deal with social interactions, social relationships, and social capital, have decreased. the trend of evolution and improvement of Dowlatabad- as one of the most principal informal settlements- in housing, services and facilities is significant. The trend of condition improvement of Dowlatabad is due to economic and social changes that somewhat has been able to accelerate the trend of improvement of formal Upgrading programs, especially relating to physical upgrading. Stability of unemployment rate indicates durability of neighborhood unemployment problem and decrease of amount of social interaction and relationships shows that neighborhood has entered to phase of keeping out from prior rural traditional structure. This survey demonstrates that problems of Dowlatabad have transformed from physical issue to social issue and its current concerns and needs have local community development.

Today, informal settlements have been accepted in the cities and towns as a problem and an urban fact facing urban and regional management in different countries of the world. According to past experiences and the evolutions of today, searching for new and efficient solutions in order to improve the quality of these settlements in line with converting them into a habitable zone of urban physics and community has become one of the main concerns of urban planners and urban managers. The main objective of this article is to apply participatory rural appraisal techniques in the process of environmental quality improvement in informal settlements of Islamabad in district 2 of Tehran municipality. Research method is qualitative and type of research is applied. Field observation and snowball technique have been used to study the related issues. The research results show that participatory rural appraisal technique has been properly applied in the studied settlements; and through this technique while achieving the common perspectives on available situation, deviations rate in resident's perspective from formal perspectives of urban planners and urban authorities is well presented. However, by creating scenarios which consider forward looking statements and also the gap between resident's needs and expectations and the viewpoint of urban officials; the desired results can be achieved if scenarios are implemented properly.

Because of having conservation areas that limit creation of human settlements, establishment of nuclear power plants may affect geographic environment and spatial arrangement of surrounding settlements and as most of these power plants are established near cities and human settlements the study of their impact within the surrounding geographical environment is very important. In this study the impacts of nuclear power plants of Bushehr on the procedure of expansion of the city have been considered by using various descriptive and analytical methods, and field work. The results indicate that establishment of nuclear power plant in a distance 18 kilometers away from the south of the city have caused the problem of unplanned residential areas or informal settlements within the range of 5 to 10 kilometers of the power plant, while the range falls within the conservation area in which creation of buildings is banned. The most important reasons for creation of these informal settlements are listed subsequently: 1- The impact of establishing nuclear power plant on attracting immigrants 2- The impact of nuclear power plant on increasing employment 3- The impact of this power plant on economic prosperity of the city 4- The impact of nuclear power plant on reducing land price in consevation areas. In other words, by a increase in job opportunities resulted from building constructions associated with nuclear power plant, a prosperity in the city economy is appeared that this responsible for motivation for people of other regions to migrate to this part of Bushehr. Therefore, considering both lack of sufficient lands for city expansion and also disability of immigrants to provide legal housing for themselves, these people have started to settle in the nuclear power plant conservation areas and build informal settlements with no services in them.