جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اخلاق جنگ » در نشریات گروه « علوم قرآن و حدیث »

For a long time, people have sought to establish laws to reduce the harm of armed conflicts, especially on civilians. In the modern world, these principles were adopted in the form of "international humanitarian law" or "law of war" laws in various conventions, the most important of which was the 1949 Geneva Quadrilateral Convention. Some of these laws are related to the protection of women, children and civilians. In this research, we are trying to investigate the issue of protecting the lives of civilians, especially children and women, in armed conflicts from the perspective of the holy texts of Islam and Christianity, as well as the views of Muslim and Christian theologians. The purpose of this research is to show the extent to which the modern laws of humanitarian law are rooted in the holy texts of Islam or Christianity. The research method is based on the library method and the study of the sacred and theological texts of two religions, Islam and Christianity. According to the results of this research, although in the holy texts of Islam and Christianity, especially in the Old Testament, there is a significant difference regarding the observance of the rights of civilians, but this difference becomes less in the fatwas of Muslim and Christian theologians.

For a long time, people have sought to establish laws to reduce the harm of armed conflicts, especially on civilians. In the modern world, these principles were adopted in the form of "international humanitarian law" or "law of war" laws in various conventions, the most important of which was the 1949 Geneva Quadrilateral Convention. Some of these laws are related to the protection of women, children and civilians. In this research, we are trying to investigate the issue of protecting the lives of civilians, especially children and women, in armed conflicts from the perspective of the holy texts of Islam and Christianity, as well as the views of Muslim and Christian theologians. The purpose of this research is to show the extent to which the modern laws of humanitarian law are rooted in the holy texts of Islam or Christianity. The research method is based on the library method and the study of the sacred and theological texts of two religions, Islam and Christianity. According to the results of this research, although in the holy texts of Islam and Christianity, especially in the Old Testament, there is a significant difference regarding the observance of the rights of civilians, but this difference becomes less in the fatwas of Muslim and Christian theologians.

Killer robots or autonomous weapon systems (AWS) are representative of theapplication of AI in new areas, where worries about its wide application can befully expressed. This being said, it is expected that such systems have elicited manyreactions. These systems use AI in their main (or critical) functions, i.e. to decideabout the target, and what to be done about it. In recent years there have been manydebates from ethical, legal, and political standpoints about such systems; thesedebates revolve around what position one should adopt on their development,production, and use. Though such questions are important theoretically, the actualtechnological developments are getting closer to the ideals discussed, making theissue even more important. Here I assess some ethical arguments for and againstAWS. It seems that none of the arguments, for or against, is compelling enough totake a position. Therefore, either we should look for further arguments, or look intothe more general implications of the current state of arguments about the just wartheory, the main framework in which the issue is discussed. Along with thisexamination, some main ethical aspects of the issue are reviewed.

A human serious concern throughout history and especially during the presentepoch is war and its potential damages. Theorists have always attempted toexamine war in many respects and weighed up its legitimacy legally and morally.Since ancient Greece, moral philosophers have concerned themselves about themoral assessment of war. There are three known theories regarding the ethics ofwar: realism, pacifism, and just war theory. Realism as a common view is dividedinto two kinds: descriptive and prescriptive, and prescriptive realism is classifiedinto two parts: moralized and cautionary. According to cautionary prescriptiverealism, the only way for states to promote interests inexpensively is byabandoning moral principles and taking precautionary measures to protectinterests. This theory holds that accepting realism helps promote peace amongstates while accepting just war theory may lead to war expansion. In this paper,arguments for cautionary prescriptive realism will be critically explored

War involves killings and the destruction of properties. So a strong reason is needed to justify the entrance into it. Rationality requires all to prevent war unless there is a good reason to establish the opposite. Three related theories are proposed in this paper: first, the theory of pacifism (or war avoidance) holds that since war generally leads to oppression and the infringement of others’ rights, it should be avoided, and that it is morally wrong to wage war in any case without exception. The second theory is political realism which holds that while the state is the most powerful factor in the relations among states, it is autonomous and shows its power to others through its military forces. There are no universal principles that can guide all states’ behavior. Realists employ two approaches: (a) individualism and (b) collectivism. According to individualism, states’ exclusive rights cannot exceed the proven collective rights of each individual who lives in the society. The state must follow people’s wants. According to collectivism, the state has an independent legal identity with a set of specific values which are different from individuals’ values. States fight in wars not only for individual’s lives but also for a kind of social life. The current paper discusses the problems with pacifism, individualism, and collectivism, and concludes by proposing another theory that takes into consideration the interests of both individuals and states.

One of the most important human crises throughout the history of war is its adverse consequences in various societies. Ethics of war as one of the important topics of applied ethics, while analyzing the issue of ethics of war and behavioral ethics during war, to express the necessary rules and norms to control violent actions between hostile forces and provide solutions to resolve challenges between military principles and Morality happens, it pays.Contrary to realists who see war as completely unrelated to morality, the author believes that it is necessary to observe moral standards in this area, and this can help reduce the violence and negative consequences of war.Therefore, this article tries to enumerate some of the most widely used guiding principles in solving the moral challenges of war, which can be learned by relying on reason and narration. These principles include the originality of morality, dignity, honor, justice, segregation, proportionality, limitation and peace.Keywords: War, War Ethics, Challenge, Guiding Principles.