جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « حج » در نشریات گروه « علوم قرآن و حدیث »

This research is a comparative study of the views of Qur'anic jurisprudence of Mohaghegh Ardabili and Dr. Sadeghi Tehrani.In order to understand the rulings of the religion, the jurists must first know the interpretation of the verses because those who are obliged to understand their religious issues get help from the Qur'an and the jurists. On the other hand, the human intellect is limited and does not have the power to understand all the knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary that the jurists, commentators and common people learn the verses of Ahkam each in turn and according to their understanding, so that they do not fall into mistakes in their daily life and religious matters. Therefore, in order to be safe from mistakes, one should try to make the interpretation based on the correct principles and firm rules that are in harmony with the purpose of the Qur'an, which is to guide mankind. In this study, the opinions of both commentators and their points of commonality and difference were identified. It can be said that there are differences of opinion in about three cases in ghusl and ablution, seven cases in prayer, two cases in fasting and seven cases in Hajj.

Without collective self-awareness and knowledge of the elements that create it, it is impossible to reach an advanced civilization. In other words, with civilizational awareness and knowledge of its factors, elements, and drivers, a civilization can be established or its dynamism and sustainability can be accelerated. However, studies indicate that one of the factors that can foster the backdrop of self-awareness and civilizational mobility is tourism, visiting other places and following models to see other people’s accomplishments. The upcoming research seeks to answer the question: how can tourism with an emphasis on pilgrimage tourism (such as Arba’in pilgrimage and the Hajj) lead to the creation of civilizational insight? The findings of this article using the descriptive-analytical method based on available sources show that tourism leads to civilizational insight; while pilgrimage tourism, as a type of tourism, also has the capacity and talent to create civilizational insight and can play a role in the establishment and dynamism of civilization

Writing travelogues flourished throughout the Qajar era, particularly during Naser al-Din Shah’s rule. Writing about the journey of the Hajj was one of the most essential topics for travelogues. Keeping pilgrims healthy while they were performing the Hajj rituals and keeping them safe from getting sick were crucial during this time. Public health and hygiene during the journey did not receive enough attention over the long run. As a result, there was a higher chance of getting sick, spreading more viruses, and occasionally even pilgrims’ deaths while traveling for the Hajj. Therefore, the pilgrims encountered numerous difficulties on their journey. Enjoying travelogue sources and other publications, this article follows a historical-descriptive approach to discuss the Iranian pilgrims’ health while traveling by land and sea. The article reveals that the pilgrims’ major problems during the Hajj were health and treatment concerns. The lack of doctors and medical facilities for the pilgrims during the journey and in Mecca and Medina, along with irregularities and carelessness of personal hygiene, sometimes resulted in infectious and chronic diseases of the pilgrims. As a result, they either perished on the way or suffered from these endured illnesses.

Among the obligatory rulings, it is crucial to address those of the Hajj and their many subs. One of the key points of contention in the Hajj discussion, postponing the performance of the Hajj, is tackled in this article through the use of the library research method. The primary query is as follows: Can the obliged one leave his Hajj performance in the year of his capacity and focus on performing it in the following years after fulfilling his ability, or must he complete the performance in the year of his competency? Renowned jurists believe that postponing is not acceptable. We carefully reviewed the narrations that accept or reject postponing in terms of the documents and texts, even though there are many different ways to argue for or against the issue at hand due to its importance and variety of arguments. Finally, we concluded that it is imperative that Hajj be performed in the year of affordability. This writing stands out for its comprehensive gathering of narrative evidence and its handling.

The Hajj ceremony every year and the unrestrained and free presence of pilgrims in the land of revelation is a suitable ground for feeling the necessity of the responsibility of all Muslims in pursuing a single goal, which is to try to make people like God on earth, including trying to realize justice in Islamic societies. This article is in response to the question, "How does performing Hajj rites help to create Islamic solidarity?" It seeks to verify the validity of this hypothesis that "by understanding justice in Hajj rituals as a common value in authentic Islamic identity, seeking justice as a mediating mechanism can bring the connection and integration of Muslims" through a library study. And analyze it in a descriptive-analytical way. The findings of the research show that Hajj rites from Ihram to Ramie Jamrat and Qurbani are all aimed at projecting justice as a value and a criterion and mediating mechanism in the social life of humans to the masses of Muslims. In this annual meeting, it should be remembered that if justice is implemented in the society, it can expand the links in the creation of social cooperation in the Islamic world by building relationships in all areas.

The aim of this article is to explain the connection between the movement of Imam Hossein and the rituals of Hajj; the result of what is obtained from the researches and opinions of others is that in order to save his life and prevent his blood from being spilled in the Holy House, he left the glorious acts of Hajj and moved towards Karbala with the intention of Kufa. As a result, the Imam's wise move to save God's servants from ignorance and astonishment of misguidance towards the straight path was considered current and completely in line with the inner and true message of Hajj. He led the outward and metaphorical Hajj to the true and inner Hajj, which is the Hajj Akbar; And this means that Imam Hossein's actions are Mahdawi and on the other hand, they mean that Imam al-Zaman's actions are Hosseinian.

Numerous significant advancements in various nations have always been rooted in religion and its historical aspects. Meanwhile, Hajj—one of the major obligations of Islam—has occasionally had a significant influence on a range of religious, political, social, and cultural issues in Muslim nations. Because Twelver- imām Shīʿism was made official in Iran during the Safavid era and Sunnis lived nearby during the governance of the Ottoman Turks, the political significance of the Hajj rituals and pilgrimage to the Holy Shrines increased. In addition to being a religious obligation, the Hajj pilgrimage by government officials involved political considerations and required authorization or consent from the kings. This library-based research, which follows a descriptive-analytical approach, aims to analyze the permissions for pilgrimage to the House of God and the Two Holy Shrines during the Safavid-era. It also provides an explanation of why these permissions were obtained or issued, as well as the impact they had on relations between the Iranian and Ottoman governments. According to the research, permission to perform the Hajj pilgrimage was sought from the emir or caliph as early as the first centuries of Islam. During the Safavid period, however, both Iranian and non-Iranian elders and officials sought permission from the kings or high government officials to perform the Hajj for a variety of reasons. Due to both political and non-political factors, the kings occasionally accepted these permissions, but other times they did not permit the voyages.

To visit Imam Mahdi (pbuh) during the Major Occultation is one of the long-standing wishes of those waiting for the appearance of the Imam of the age. The Hadith “The people miss their Imam, but he attends the season [of Ḥajj] and sees them, though they do not see him.”2 refers to the possibility of visiting the Imam every year, during the Major Occultation, in Hajj; the issue that researchers are not indifferent to, and they are faced with the question that if it is proven the possibility of visiting the Imam in the age of Occultation, how will the meeting of people with the Imam be in terms of the mutual recognition. It seems that the yearly presence of the Imam in the Hajj ceremony is one of the characteristics of the Major Occultation period, and the content of this Hadith with the help of similar Islamic narrations proves the possibility of seeing Imam Mahdi during Major Occultation. By examining the contents of this Hadith and with the help of the narrations of the same family, the purpose is to achieve this goal that it is possible for those who are waiting to see their Imam during his disappearance, especially during the Hajj. Although the people may not recognize him when they meet; except a few special close companions and believers who have the chance to meet the Imam with a proper knowledge. This paper seeks to achieve such a goal through a descriptive-analytical method. Proving the possibility of visitation of the Imam by people during the Major Occultation will be one of the results of this article

To compete with the Mamluks of Egypt, the Ilkhanids took into account the propensity towards Shīʿism (independent of other cultural variables affecting this topic) and tried to develop their influence and control over the Hejaz. Because of its position in the Hejaz and the special attention the Shiites paid to it, al-Baqīʿ Cemetery was seen as the link between these two pivots in the Ilkhanids’ religious policy. This research uses a descriptive-analytical approach to assess the role and significance of al-Baqīʿ in the Ilkhanids’ religious policy. The findings reveal that al-Baqīʿ gained prominence in the Ilkhanid court because of its propensity for Shīʿism and the shared belief with the Sharifs of Medina. This attention was due to the definitive attribution of Hazrat Zahra’s burial site to al-Baqīʿ and the extension of the name of al-Baqīʿ to all of Medina in the historical accounts of the time that went on by the construction of public buildings and tombs in Medina and the burial of Amirchoupan and his son, Cholukhan, as two of the elders of the Ilkhanid court, in al-Baqīʿ.

Pilgrimage the house of allah has a so valuable place in Islam and Many rewards have been mentioned for its pilgrims. The reward of Hajj, which is one of the strict orders of Islamic branches, and Umrah, which is one of the recommended pilgrimages, differ from each other in terms of the quality and spirit of the actions in the traditions. There are traditions about this rule that mention different rewards for it including: health, eradication of poverty, paradise, the place where the unforgivable sin is forgiven and more rewards than the one who spends gold is equivalent to Mount Abu Qubays for pilgrims to the house of God and more rewards that the pilgrims' actions are united, the rewards are different and have caused doubts and ambiguities. According to the traditions that enter allah House Pilgrimage, it is appropriate that these traditions are evaluated in terms of isnads and content and the reasons for the difference in rewards are determined while the pilgrims act in unity.

The current research is organized in a descriptive-analytical way and aims to explain the key points involved in different rewards, the reasons for the difference in the rewards of visiting the house of God, while analyzing the unity of the pilgrims' actions, and evaluating its traditions in terms of isnad and content.For this aim, each of the transmitters has been examined from the point of view of authority, and the authenticity and validity of the traditions in the series of records have been assessed from the point of view of the isnad, and the quality of these traditions has been examined due to its content.

In the traditions about the reward of pilgriming God's house, these traditions have been taken into consideration in terms of isnad, which are linked to the Imam (as) by a authentic and Imami man, except for one tradition which is weak and this tradition is also a Musnad. Assuming the weakness of Isnad of one tradition from among the traditions, this tradition cannot be a strong reason for discarding the traditions of multiple Hajjes, because the text of these tradition is consistent with the Quranic verses, other authentic hadiths and common sense. And in terms of content, it seems that the spiritual factors involved in pilgrimage, such as discretion and will, knowledge, intention, attention to the principle of the Imamate, the difficult conditions of the pilgrim, the time, place, and political conditions cause the quality of the pilgrimage of the pilgrims to differ from each other and the difference in the reward of the pilgrims.And these factors stemming from the two-dimensionality of the human being (physical and spiritual dimension) and internal movements, including: the level of knowledge and the purity of communication, can increase or decrease the value of work and its reward.

According to the Isnad and content analysis of the traditions of visiting the house of allah, it is found that:The traditions about the reward of visiting God's house were narrated by Rijālī from the trustworthy and reliable transmitters and were connected to the infallible Imam (pbuh) and they are also from the authentic and valid source. Despite the authenticity of the traditions and the reliability of their transmitters, assuming that there is a flaw in the hadiths, it cannot deny the principle of the traditions; Because the text of the traditions on the reward of visiting God's house is consistent with the traditions of the reward of pilgrimage by Knowing his right and the traditions of Hajj with Imamate in the traditions and in the Qur'anic verses with grace, kindness, and unaccountable reward in the reward of deeds.Based on the rule of tasāmuḥ and tasāḥul, in order to encourage and directing pilgrims to visit, to overcome God's mercy, to give rewards according to the criteria of God's mercy and grace, and the doom is measured according to divine justice, which does not punish people more than they deserve, which causes the increase of rewards. but this multiplicity does not imply the number, and the limited human intellect has remained oblivious to theunderstanding of the mentioned matters in the distribution of rewards due to the dominance of physics, materiality and everyday life.In terms of content, the reasons for the difference in the reward of visiting the house of God, despite the unity of the pilgrims' actions, depends on the amount of authority and will, knowledge, intention, time and place conditions, political, hardship, the principle of Imamate and leadership, and in general, the quality of the pilgrims' actions. These characteristics cause the difference in the reward of the pilgrims of God's house despite the unity of their actions.

Understanding the meaning and strong message of Quranic verses depends on understanding the words and terms used in it. One of these terms that is an ignorant observer; It is a tradition that the Qur'an has declared invalid. It shows a review of interpretative sources and vocabulary; The truth and process of this concept are in many uncertainties for Muslim Quran scholars. With the aim of filling this research gap, relying on the knowledge of calendrology and descriptive analytical method, this research tries to discover the hidden angles of this outdated Jāhīli tradition. For this purpose, in addition to interpretative-lexical investigations, we have noted the leaping and using calculations and tables, how and according to what goals they used They used the "solar-lunar calendar" which sometimes led to thirteen months of the year and the shifting of the forbidden months in such a way that every three years, two or three years of Dhul-Ḥijjah were replaced again. He was coming back. We have also tried to analyze the reason for banning the Quran according to the goals and consequences of this tradition.

One of the conditions of obligatory for Hajj is ability and one of its types is financial affordability. Although some rulings in this condition can be understood by public or even reason, but since the establishing this condition has been stated by the Supreme Lawgiver (SHaare’e Mota’aal), therefore, in the first place, the criterion is the words of the Supreme Lawgiver. One of the important issues in financial affordability is the necessity or unnecessity of preserving the financial ability in the case of absence of other kind of abilities. Arguments have been made for the necessity of maintaining financial ability such as consensus (Ijmaa’), reason (‘Aql), the necessity of preserving the destroyer precepts (Moqaddamaate Mofawweteh), the inevitability of abortive of legislation and obligation of Hajj (Estelzaame Laghwiyyate Tashri’e Wojube Hajj), the appearance of the arguments (Zohure Adelleh) of affordability, narrations (Akhbaar), etc. On the other hand, it has been argued for the non-obligation to maintain financial ability with arguments such as financial ability being part of the cause (Joz al-‘Ellah), ability being actualized, etc. In this article, we have used the library method, and according to the argues of the obligatory of performing Hajj, the mere actualization of financial ability is sufficient to maintain it, and the fulfillment of other conditions of ability are not necessary.

This study is in line with the role of religious forces and tribal elites in the events of Islamic history in the first century AH, and analyzes YazidibnShajarehRahawi and his role in the instability of the Caliphate of Imam Ali (AS) and the stabilization of the Umayyads. Yazid was a supporter of Uthman. During the caliphate of Imam Ali (AS), he went from Kufa to Syria and accompanied Mu'awiyah in the battle of Tiffin. He was also considered one of the religious leaders and political figures of Syria. The commander was in charge of plundering Mecca and taking allegiance to Mu'awiyah. The research method is a historical study based on data collection, analysis, and description and with the method of libraries and Islamic sources. How did Yazid play a role in the instability of Imam Ali (AS) and the stability of Mu'awiyah in Mecca? What were the effective factors in this success? What was the role and position of Mu'awiyah and Imam Ali (AS)? This study clarifies: Yazid's position and his orientation in confronting Imam Ali (AS) in Mecca, caused the instability of his rule and the stability of Mu'awiyah. The main strategy of Imam Ali (AS) in this case was to repel the conspiracy of Mu'awiyah based on the three important categories of jihad, preserving the divine sanctuary, and establishing the truth. Other factors in Rahawi's relative success include the role of the Quraysh and other opponents of the Imam, the mismanagement of Qosamibn Abbas, and the adaptability of the people.

"Qaryah" is the most frequent word belonging to the semantic field of "town/ village" in the Holy Qur'an. In recent decades, the discussions about semantic distinctions between "Qaryah" and other words belonging to the same semantic field such as "Madīnah" and "Balad" have drawn the attention of Qur'anic scholars widely. However, a review of lexicographical and exegetical sources indicates that there is not enough knowledge about (A) the construction-process of the Qur'anic word "Qaryah", (B) the semantic components of this word, and (C) the characteristics of this type of "town/village" in the context of revelation of the Holy Qur'an. Adopting the etymological approach, the present research is an attempt to trace the oldest history of the word "Qaryah" in proto-Afroasiatic, and study the semantic changes of this word towards the Qur'anic Arabic, and reexamine its semantic components in the Holy Qur'an. The present study shows that the Qur'anic word "Qaryah" is rooted in two different stems and constructed from a hybrid model. According to linguistic data and Qur'anic usages of the word, "Qaryah" was referring to the towns/villages which were playing the role of campgrounds for travelers at the time of revelation due to their locations in the middle of routes. Moreover, this research provides a new explanation for the reasons of calling Mecca 'Umm al-Qurā in the Holy Qur'an.

Islamic countries, despite their commonalities, suffer from disorder, disputes, lack of cooperation and distrust due to their diversities. This article finds Hajj as a social capital for solving these problems and analyzes them in the Supreme Leader’s messages to the pilgrims during the time period of 1989–2021. In this research that is applicable to pilgrims, the author analyzes the messages by the thematic analysis method to discover the implications of this social capital to answer the question: is it possible to refer to Hajj as a social capital in solving the problems of Islamic countries? The research findings in the form of the tables of basic, organizing, and inclusive themes and the network of the themes showed that: 1. Hajj is a network of relations and an international Islamic voluntary association; 2. Common rites of Hajj are the important components of convergence and trust building; 3. Hajj is a ground for interaction and solidarity between Islamic nations; 4. Hajj is a ground for recognition and familiarity of Islamic nations; and 5. Hajj is a source of creating power. These creative components have been called “social capital” in recent decades.

In the supposition of the pilgrim’s eligibility to afford the costs of Hajj pilgrimage while being in debt, this question arises: does the debt, in various scenarios, including the arrival of the due date, the creditor’s claim, the deadline of the due date, or the absence of these terms prevent the obligation of performing Hajj? This assumption must be carefully discussed in jurisprudence. In this article, the author attempts to answer this question in a descriptive-analytical method and summarizes and concludes the sayings of the jurists. These sayings are as follows: debt as an obstacle in an absolute form; 2. Non- obstacle except for due date and claim; 3. Obstacle except for a debt with a determined deadline; 4. Obstacle, except for the case of trust in wealth; 5. Choosing between performing Hajj and paying off the debt; and 6. the priority of solvency. Referring to narrations and other detailed proofs, the second and fourth statements are accepted with modifications, but the rest statements are rejected. In addition, due to the lexical discussion of the word “affordability”, a better way to solve the problem is pointed out, which is to refer to the literal and customary meanings of “affordability”. In this case, the subsidiaries related to “affordability” are clarified with more ease.

All human beings, irrespective of any restriction, race, and nationality, have the right to enjoy minimum living facilities and be protected against social dangers and harm. Hajj is one of the obligatory religious rites that Muslims are eager to perform. The Saudi government, as the host, is obliged to respect and guarantee all pilgrims’ rights. The rights of pilgrims in the Hajj rituals have different aspects; one of the most important rights is the right to medical insurance, because unpredictable events may occur while performing the Hajj rituals, as a result, pilgrims’ bodies and souls may get hurt and may even lead to their disability or death; in which case, while losing the spiritual etiquette of the rituals, exorbitant costs are imposed on the Hajj pilgrims. To prevent such incidents, although, the Saudi government is required, in the first place, to provide health facilities for the pilgrims; the realization of using health insurance is another measure that the Saudi government is committed to guarantee during the Hajj rites. The results of this descriptive-analytical research show that the right to health insurance, as one of the important examples of social security, is one of the basic and important rights of pilgrims; and governments, including the government of Saudi Arabia, as the host government, must adhere to the principle of equality and equitable distribution in exercising the pilgrims’ rights to health insurance. However, there are shortcomings and obstacles in the implementation of this right.

Well-known Imamiyyah jurists believe that female pilgrims, worried about being menstruated, are permitted to perform taqsir and the rituals of Mecca on ʿĪd al-Aḍḥā Eve, but most jurists, precedent or not, have no ideas for other female pilgrims regarding their permission or non-permission to do taqsir and other Mecca rites on that Eve. Although it is understood from the aforementioned fatwá that doing taqsir and performing the rites of Mecca before the due date is reserved only for the excused female pilgrims, some contemporary jurists affirm the point or are at least cautious about. However, following the narrations, some contemporary jurists believe that those female pilgrims, who must sacrifice, are allowed to do tagsir at night after they get agents to perform the sacrifice on the Day of ʿĪd. The excused female pilgrims are also allowed to go to the Sacred Mosque to perform the rituals of Mecca at night. The result of this library-document-based research, done with content analysis, reveals that the narrations, as the main religious documents for this ruling, confirm the recent statement; and, the arguments that support the non-permissibility are not strong enough and can be discussed.

Hajj as one of the devotional-social necessary religious duties, has special conditions among which is Muslim`s financial ability referred to in the verse:  for him who can find a way thither, with this regard Hajj would be necessary for every man and woman. Given financial ability of a woman, Hajj would undoubtedly be legally necessary to her in the case of other conditions. Given her properties including her marriage portion. Now the question arises: may the women demand her portion, providing its being enough for Hajj, from her husband with regard to the fact that her husband will pay for all all needs in their common life? Trying to reply the question is more emphasized regarding the case that the very marriage portion be sufficient for the woman to become of financial ability for Hajj and the portion have been written as receiveable at any time demanded. Such being the case, may the financial ability be counted as legal? And again, if the demand leads to case of illegacity what may be taken as a lawful rule? In this study, the descriptive and analytic method has been used and the Quranic verses in the field and the views of commentators and jurisprudents have been surveyed and, finally, it seems that financial ability is something based on common sense and in the case mentioned it would not occur.

“Hajj and diplomacy” and “pilgrimage and diplomacy” are among the topics of discussion in the macro-subject of “Hajj studies”. Believing in the necessity of promoting diplomacy in Iran and focusing on a significant amount of failures due to misunderstanding of religion and religious teachings are among the justifiable reasons for discussing “Hajj teachings” in promoting diplomacy. Meanwhile, the religious, economic, cultural, and political dimensions of the Hajj teachings have significant potential for promoting Iranian diplomacy. This inferential-analytical research aims to review the Qur’anic texts and narrations on Hajj to discover and observe the potential of these teachings in promoting diplomacy. Thus, the Qur’anic texts and narrations on Hajj, under the themes of “annual conference on Hajj and the necessity of rethinking and promoting public diplomacy in a multinational and multicultural space”, “the joint plan of action of al-Ḥudaybiyyah peace and multilateral negotiation diplomacy focusing on the Hajj visa”, “teachings of Hajj and diplomacy for world peace”, “human rights diplomacy of Hajj”, “the Shrine and absolute security of man and animals: a foundation for the promotion of humanitarian diplomacy” and “teachings of Hajj and the need to pay attention to environmental diplomacy” were reviewed.