جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "cognitive linguistics" در نشریات گروه "علوم قرآن و حدیث"

One of the theories in cognitive linguistics research, which was first proposed by Mark Johnson, is image schemas. The main point in this theory is that due to human activity, movement and physical presence in the outside world, we gain experiences through our body and living environment that help us organize our thoughts in abstract fields. The language of the Qur'ān contains valuable themes and messages, some of which are organized by means of image schemas, and the audience can achieve a deeper understanding of abstract and intangible concepts by visualizing the ayahs. Therefore, the present descriptive-analytical research aims to investigate Johnson's image schemas, that is, containment schema, force schema and path schema in Surah An-Nisa and to identify the most frequent schema and their abstract concepts according to the function of each of them in the interpretative study of the Qur'ān. The findings of the research show that containment schemas indicate concepts such as heaven, doubt and suspicion, while force schemas show concepts like disbelief, atheism, and avoiding sins, and path schemas, with the highest frequency, signal concepts such as happiness, dignity and status, respect and descending of revelation and the Qur'ān.

The contemporary metaphor theory is based on the belief that the system of human understanding and perception is based on metaphor, which is entirely involuntarily mixed with human daily life. In this approach, it is considered a part of human life. So, metaphors are not only a pure linguistic function but also an essential tool for understanding abstract and intangible things in the human mind, and their scope of work and influence is not at the level of words but in the depth of meaning and concepts. Since part of the language structure of religious texts, such as Nahj al-Balaghah, contains metaphors, and the metaphors of this religious text are far beyond linguistic and literary metaphors, this research aims to find abstract metaphors of "sadness and "happiness". In the present study, by reading, searching, and examining the translated text of Nahj al-Balaghah, some sadness and happiness words and their synonyms were found, and some contained conceptual metaphors. Therefore, the words containing the conceptual metaphor of sadness and happiness were chosen and explained according to the theory of Lakoff and Johnson (1980). As a result, metaphorical mappings were obtained, such as sadness is substance, sadness is a living thing, sadness is fire, sadness is a fluid, sadness is destructive, sadness is dust, sadness is clothes, and the mappings of happiness is the object, happiness is a living being.

Nahj al-Balaghah is undoubtedly the most comprehensive book after the Qur'an, which can be considered a human guide in all aspects of life and can be responsible for guiding humanity in various fields. This precious book contains a wide range of abstract concepts that cannot be expressed in everyday language, and to make the subject understandable to the audiences, appropriate linguistic tools must be used, among which metaphor is one of the most widely used tools. Imam Ali (AS) sometimes used illocutionary acts in his words to encourage the audiences to do good things and to warn them about evil deeds. Therefore, the present study tries to extract those sentences with metaphorical structures responsible for conveying abstract concepts from Nahj al-Balaghah sermons and analyze them based on cognitive metaphor. The research results indicate that Imam Ali (AS) conceptualizes the destination area using maps taken from everyday life that everyone can understand and uses various cognitive metaphors based on the audience's knowledge and understanding of the target concept.

Cognitive semantics is a part of cognitive linguistics that considers the language meaning as a manifestation of conceptual instruction or mental representative organization. Image schemas pattern is an important issue in cognitive semantics and it is an effective method to study and analyze the quality and understanding some abstract concepts according to objective and visual issues that introduced by Mark Johnson in 1987. The issues of right and wrong are abstract issues and at the same time they are from important issues that have introduced in Nahj -ol- Balaghah and it seems that the studying and analyzing these two issues from the image schemas theory of Johnson is very important subject because it shows Imam Ali's attitude towards them. Because Imam Ali has introduced these two issues objectively and visually and has considered mass, power and movement for them. Therefore, we decided to analyze Imam Ali's attitude toward right and wrong from the above Theory in an analyzing _descriptive method in all of parts of Nahjol Balaghah. Finally, we found that these two concepts have depicted in Nahj -ol- Balaghah as follow; A: as zarf and mazroof (container and content), B: as a way or approach for people who are searching Right and Wrong path, C: Right concept is an obstacle for bad desires of wrong advocates and Wrong as an obstacle for or logical desires of Right advocates.

The purpose of the current research, which was carried out using a cognitive linguistic method, is to evaluate the metaphorical function of business as a source field in the metaphorical conceptualization of concepts such as life, jihad, worldliness, hereafterism, and tendency towards halal or haram so that the real image of these concepts in the Islamic perspective can be better and more deeply understood. The results of this research showed that metaphorical language expressions with the origin of trade in the Qur'an and Nahj al-Balaghah are very wide and diverse, and this conceptualization of imagination and sense in various forms and correspondences has been used to explain and depict concepts such as faith, jihad, the afterlife, and the world, piety, charity, and worship. In addition, in these cases, Alevi's thinking and viewpoint is in accordance with the Quran, but the variety of metaphors and its correspondences in the Holy Quran is wider and more.

One of the most important issues concerned by Imam Ali (AS) is the moral and spiritual approach. He forbids worldly worshipers from paying attention to the world and encourages them to pay attention to the hereafter. Because not paying attention to this world and paying attention to the hereafter is one of the most important bases of moral life in the world. Therefore, to better express this attitude, Imam (AS) uses various linguistic, expressive, and rhetorical methods. Many of his lofty themes can be better and more effectively explained and taught with the contemporary theory of metaphor (conceptual metaphor). Considering that these moral themes and their examples are mental concepts, the way humans understand them is thought-provoking. Therefore, this theory is one of the important theories of linguistics that can explain these issues. Therefore, in this research, an attempt has been made to decipher the moral and mental concepts of Imam Ali (AS) about the world and the hereafter by relying on linguistic data. For this purpose, the authors collected the maps related to the domains of this world and the hereafter in the letters of Imam Ali (AS) and analyzed them based on conceptual metaphor.

Cognitive linguistics is an approach that sees language as a means of discovering the structure of human cognition. This approach, which has increasingly received attention in recent decades, considers language as a sign of illustration and construal aspect of human mind. Cognitive linguists believe that scene construal is a cognitive matter and that each story can be more deeply analyzed from the view of cognitive linguistics. Given Langacker's (1987) views about scene construal and its different aspects such as perspective, profiling, scanning and focus of attention, the present descriptive-analytical research analyzed the story of Prophet Yusuf (AS) and then focuses of attention were examined in the ayahs of this surah. Additionally, the frequency of each aspect of scene construal in the 111 ayahs of this surah were studied. The findings show that, out of all scene aspects, perspective and profiling respectively have the most and the least frequency. Furthermore, most of the focus of attention in this surah is devoted to the dimensions of sleep and dreams and their interpretation, shirt, and deception.

The present study, using the " Conceptual Blending Theory" which is one of the latest theories of "cognitive linguistics", seeks to explain the conceptual metaphors used about the "Quran" in sermon 198. For this purpose, four metaphorical phrases from this sermon were selected, and using the four-space pattern, the stages of meaning creation were depicted. The findings of the study show that the words "sea", "strong building", "healing" and "shield", which have been used to describe the Qur'an in the source area, and play a precise explanatory role in the metaphorical understanding of the destination area (the word of the Quran), and from this through a new reading, novel points can be inferred. The findings indicate that Imam (a.s.) had a comprehensive insight by using these phrases and the application of this theory can open new horizons in explaining the metaphorical concepts of Nahj al-Balagha.

Among the most important theories in cognitive linguistics, conceptual metaphor and visual schema view language as an instrument for information organizing, receiving, and transmitting. Analyzing the concepts and experiences of linguistic categories is significant in cognitive linguistics. Imagery schemas form an earlier level of morphology regarding the metaphor basis. Imagery schemas provide communication possibilities between physical experiences and a more complex cognitive domain like language. These schemas are among the most important mechanisms to comprehend the Quran's hidden concepts and an instrument to analyze its meanings. This paper investigates the Imagery schemas of Al-Isra surah to determine how God has expressed his principal purpose in this surah. The findings of this research, which was carried out using Johnson's theory and descriptive-analytical method revealed that motion imagery schemas with 59% and volume schemas with 59.5% had almost the same frequency, and power schemas with 27% had the lowest frequency. These schemas have been used to understand concepts such as curse, Satan's temptation, punishment, God's commands, trust or lack of trust in God, testimony, denial, pride, arrogance, etc.

Cognitive sciences deal with research about the mind. Scholars of cognitive sciences consider explaining cognitive functions and hidden processes of the mind possible only through indirect methods such as the study of language. Therefore, cognitive linguistics has a privileged place in cognitive sciences. Motion verbs are one of the most focal fields of study in the meaning-based approach of cognitive semantics. Movement, embodied by means of verb as an active proposition in a sentence, is an important and effective element in conceptualization. The present descriptive-analytical research article studied participial and motion verbs used to refer to celestial bodies in the Holy Qurʾān and drawing on the principles of cognitive semantics examined the way events were conceptualized in the ayahs. In the Holy Qurʾān motion verbs of celestial bodies have been used in order to conceptualize abstract concepts such as the movement of celestial bodies, the way of movements, their occurrences, etc. and as a result different types of semantic concepts of the movement of celestial bodies have been represented in the Qurʾānic ayahs. Half of the verbs used for these objects are motional and the other half are participial. Participial verbs delicately describe the circular path of objects, how they move through the galaxy and where they start and return to their place. Motion verbs also indicate the movement and transition of these objects, which, except when it emphasizes the events of the Resurrection, is still an emphasis on the circular movement and rotation of the heavenly bodies.

As one of the essential cognitive theories, conceptual metaphor forms a wide field of language and experiences in which a conceptual domain is understood based on another domain. One of the components of interest in conceptual metaphor is conceptualization. Language through facilitating the process of conceptualization, provides the context for complex processes of conceptual integration. The concept of self, as one of the essential topics in Nahj al-Balaghah, has been expressed in various metaphorical formats, and examining how it is conceptualized can reveal the hidden content angles to the audience. Based on this, the present study, with a descriptive-analytic method, dealt with the conceptualization of self in the sermons of Nahj al-Balaghah and indicated that Imam Ali (AS) explained the concept of the self, using different sources such as; humans, capital, goods, unruly animals, etc. On the other hand, the word self to represent human beings has a high frequency, and the representation of the self on this basis allows the audience to reach a more accessible and broader understanding of the different layers of the self.

Linguistics as new science has been studied in various fields and one of its new fields is cognitive linguistics. In this domain, language reflects the pattern of thought and patterns of the human mind, and the verb, as an effective component, plays an important role in the creation of Kinesthetic, as the verb is one of the basic elements in the sentence. The Holy Quran has many objectives and abstract matters. The present study has studied these verbs in surah Yasin with a descriptive-analytical method based on Talmy’s theory of cognitive linguistics. Since this surah has several Kinesthetic verbs, their analysis seems necessary. Therefore, this article deals with the process of such verbs based on Talmy’s theory and analyzes them in terms of body, context, movement, and direction, and concludes that the study of these verbs according to the new perspective of linguistic cognition leads to a more comprehensive understanding of the verses, using mental schema.

Metaphor is one of the expressional Iʻjāz, and the Qur'an uses it to explain its meanings and mission. Metaphor in the traditional sense uses words other than their original meaning, but in this sense, it alone cannot show the worldview, structure and thoughts hidden in the verses. According to the metaphor, we can compare two classical and cognitive-linguistic viewpoints. It indicates that in traditional linguistics, metaphor has been merely a tool for the beauty of language expressions. Still, metaphor is a new look at how mental processes emerge and become linguistic elements in cognitive linguistics. The present study, with an analytical-descriptive method, aimed to evaluate metaphor regarding the traditional rhetoric scholars and cognitive linguists and the role of cognitive metaphor in Quranic explanations and analyses. The results, in the form of knowing the ways of distinguishing cognitive metaphor from traditional metaphor, and examining the verses according to metaphorical conceptualisation, indicated that a tool such as conceptual metaphor in the cognitive analysis of the verses and achieving the semantic principles governing the Quranic conceptualisation provides the possibility for the audience of the Qur'an in discovering the Qur'anic layers that not possible in the traditional metaphor.

Quantitative and qualitative research review in particular fields provides better understanding of how research is conducted, how methods are used, and how progress is made. The process of conducting research activities, especially interdisciplinary studies which have resulted in new achievements, should be assessed with systematic review in order to identify previous studies, approaches, and topics that researchers like. Also, it should be a criterion for carrying out future researches, so gaps and appropriate fields can be identified. As a systematic review and citation evaluation of cognitive linguistics studies are among the tools proposed in the field of interdisciplinary studies of Qur’an and tradition, the current study focuses on all the research conducted in the period of 2006 to 2021in the form of 112 articles, 9 treatises, 15 theses, and 6 books. The publication process, determining the most prolific authors and the most cited books and articles, calculation the amount of citation to various information sources, determining the language coverage of citations, assessing researchers’ participation and cooperation, and evaluating the content and quality of works are among the accomplishments of the present study.

Cognitive linguistics is one of the newest categories of linguistics that has established a relationship between language and human thought, and includes various theories including conceptual metaphor, image schemas, etc. The theory of image schemas, developed by Lakoff and Johnson, examines the ways in which meaning and perception are derived from and relevant to our physical experience. The human mind understands the meaning of schemas without the need for complex processing and training. In other words, in an image schema, sensory experiences are mapped to conceptual structures, and they can be used to talk about abstract domains. The present descriptive-analytical study aimed to investigate the meaning of image schemas of the Holy Qur’an. For this purpose, using Johnson's theory, the image schemas of Surah As-Saffat were extracted and analyzed. The results indicate that the highest frequency is related to the force schema (53%), and the frequency of the transformational schema (24%) and the spatial schema (23%) are almost the same. This is in line with the purpose of this Surah which is informing about the hereafter and giving a warning to the servants of God. Also, in the spatial schema, the preposition "fi", repeated 15 times, and in the transformational schema, the preposition "ila", repeated in nine cases, had the highest frequency. These schemas have been created to help the readers better understand non-empirical concepts, such as heaven, hell, infidelity, faith, reward and punishment, the power and will of God, and so on.

The prophets' miracles in the Qur'an have been studied from different angles, but the Qur'an linguistic method to transfer concepts has not received much attention so far. In this article, as an interdisciplinary study, cognitive linguistics is used and this research focusing on verses is considered as the corpus-based method. Image schema is one of the most fundamental concepts in cognitive linguistics that plays an essential role in human pre-conceptual perception. These schemas are derived from human interaction with the real world and they are a fundamental tool for understanding many abstract concepts. Since Qur'anic concepts have different layers of meaning, therefore, the use of this tool is essential for its deeper understanding. This research tries to use the schema-based approach in cognitive linguistics to extract all types of schemas used in the miracles of the steadfast seers in the Qur'an, as well as the related propositions and explain the each one's function. Investigations show that in narrating and explaining miracles' scenes, power schemas include coercion (beginning and end of the miracle), removal of obstacles (crossing the sea/cleft the rock), mutual force (truth/false) and the like have the most applications. The multiplicity of power schema in the miracles verses can indicate the importance of the language transmission method in the structure of the miracle-oriented verses of the Holy Qur'an. In addition to the force schema in the metaphorical infrastructure of the verses, there are other schemas such as movement (truth establishment), volume (predominance) and existence (size).

Before the rise of cognitive linguistics, the metaphor was simply a literary device, especially in poetry. Over time, cognitive studies on ‌ metaphors have transformed this traditional view. This study, after introducing the cognitive approach to metaphor, explores narrations and hadiths quoted from the Holy Prophet and Shiite Imams (as) as well as the metaphorical language used to describe the feeling of envy as one of the subjective aspects of human existence. Accordingly, the present study aims to examine whether metaphor has been employed as a tool to facilitate the understanding of religious contexts and if so, to what extent it has been successful in conveying concepts associated with the feeling of envy. Moreover, it seeks to shed light on the origins of this feeling and subjective concepts for which metaphor is employed to deepen the understanding. For this purpose, authentic Shiite works have been investigated and analyzed based on Lakoff’s theories on cognitive metaphors. The results suggest that metaphors have been utilized in 60% of the hadiths on envy and the domains identified in these cognitive metaphors are subtly indicative of the characteristics and ramifications of envy. These metaphors are structured coherently in keeping with the desired teachings and concepts.