جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "halliday" در نشریات گروه "علوم قرآن و حدیث"

Halliday's functional grammar is one of the well-known theories within functional linguistics that beyond the level of syntax cares about the context and the formation of the language of the text. It consists of three ideological, interpersonal, and textual metafuctions that make the basis of functional linguistics. Ideational metafunction which is the result of experience from the outside world, has three components of process, participants, and peripheral elements. Among these three components, process which is embodied as verb of the sentence has a central and focal role and is divided into two main and secondary categories. The present descriptive-analytical and statistical research investigated the ideational metafunction in Surah Al-Mutaffafin aiming to expose the hidden layers of the ayahs and to shed light on the concepts of the surah more deeply. The results show that the dominant process in the mentioned surah belongs to two material processes (30%) and relational processes (28%) and this finding is in harmony with the concepts of the surah. Additionally, given their material and descriptive nature, these two processes are the best tools to realize such concepts. The behavioral process (17%) is next in terms of frequency and it has been used to reflect the behavior of criminals and believers. Two verbal (13%) and mental (11%) processes, although having a lower frequency than other types of processes, play a prominent role in completing the intended meanings of the surah.

Halliday and Hassan's theory of textual coherence is one of the important categories of contemporary linguistics, which, unlike purely constructivist theories, pays significant attention to linguistic structures in a situational context. In their opinion, text cohesion factors are placed in three categories: grammatical, lexical, and conjunctive. This research investigates three dimensions of coherence in the 181st sermon of Nahj al-Balagha. As a result, grammatical coherence with a frequency of 44% has the largest share of coherence in the sermon. Lexical coherence with a frequency of 43 and conjunctive coherence with a frequency of 13% are in the next place of importance, respectively. This abundance shows that the prominence of Imam Ali's words, in addition to their deep content, is due to the intelligent use of linking factors resulting from this conference and thinking about its meanings and themes, revealing the greatness of its position.

Halliday and Hassan proposed cohesion as a linguistic concept of the text; thus, if we are to examine the degree of relevance of a text, it is worthwhile to analyze it in terms of what we call the elements of cohesion. Elements are divided into three categories: grammatical, lexical, and conjunctive, each of which can be categorized into related categories. The existence of a text without cohesion is impossible and the difference between them is in the degree of its use, Nahj al-Balagha as a religious text is no exception to this rule. Therefore, the researchers in this study intend to use a descriptive-analytical method to determine the degree of cohesion in Sermon 109 of Nahj al-Balagha in terms of elements such as reference, substitution, ellipsis, repetition, collocation, and additive, contradictory, temporal, causal, and conditional. The result of this research is that although at first glance, this sermon has addressed a wide range of issues; this multiplicity has not diminished the degree of cohesion and integrity of the text. Another point is that the two elements of “ellipsis” and “substitution” have the most and the least role in the cohesion of the text, respectively.

Halliday’s theory of Systemic functional grammar reflects the world in language and analyzes this world in the context of language. Halliday divides the way we use language into three different metafunctions: The ideational metafunction, the interpersonal metafunction, and the textual metafunction. The ideational metafunction is considered in this research which is divided into empirical and logical components. In the experimental process, simple clauses are analyzed, and in the logical process, compound clauses are analyzed. The clause in ideational metafunction is divided into three components: process, participants, and circumstances. Processes are divided into two main and sub-categories and each has three sub-sections. The main processes are material, mental, and relational and sub-processes are behavioral, verbal, and existential. In the present study, ideational metafunction evaluation was considered in Surahs “Al-Waqi’ah” and “Al-Qiyamat” and the processes used in these Surahs and the repetition of each of these processes were discussed so that the aspects of resurrection are known in these Surahs. The research findings showed that the material process has been used in these Surahs more than other processes. The increase in this process emphasizes the occurrence of resurrection and it has given an objective aspect to this event.

Relational factors are a set of linguistic elements that cause the connection of words, especially sentences, these factors are placed between the two sentences or the first of them and link them together. The most important classification of relational elements from the point of view of Halliday and Roghayeh Hassan is manifested in four types of time: incremental, causal and contradictory. The element of temporal relevance has different types such as: sequential temporal relevance, concurrent temporal relevance, referential temporal relevance and do-it-yourself temporal relevance. , Faqihi and Fayz al-Islam) and how to show coherence and coherence in their context by giving scattered examples. Finally, the temporal relevance elements used in the selected examples were more related to the semantic structure of the sentences, although these elements were apparent in most of the examples, but with more reflection on the examples and translations mentioned, it can be seen that these elements sometimes Despite their lack of appearance, the semantic and conceptual construction of the phrase and the text are intertwined.

Modern linguistics and particularly textual and semiotic approaches to structure and functions of texts have provided researchers with important theoretical tools and concepts for modern textual studies of the Qur'an. One of these important approaches that seems useful in studying different types of text is Halliday’s systemic functional grammar. For him, language has three main functions including ideational metafunction which enables us to talk about things in the world, textual metafunction which is responsible for making coherent communicative texts, and interpersonal metafunction according to which we interact with one another through language. Each of the three functions is realized linguistically by three lexico-grammatical structures, that is, the transitivity structure, the thematic structure, and the  mood structure which is itself made of two main elements: the subject and finite. Having analyzed the mood structure in the selected Qur’anic text consisting of 78 verses and 99 clauses, it was concluded that the present tense and indicative mood are the dominant tense and mood respectively in this chapter. This has resulted in a largely spoken style directed toward the audience which is in line with the main function of this sacred text which is to link God and men.

The [Persian] term "dah dawāzdah" (lit. ten twelve i.e. the capital is 10 and the capital plus profit is 12, and thus the profit is 20%) in the hadith literature (e.g. al-Kāfī, vol. 5, p. 197, h. 2-3) is known as a method of trading. This term because of the translator's temporal interval [of 13 centuries) and ignorance about the dimensions of the text discourse, has mostly crept into texts translated [into Persian] without any change or explanation. This ignorance has caused a discourse rupture and applying two contradictory verdicts to this way of trading. Therefore, certain discourse tools of [Norman] Fairclough, such as [Michel] Halliday's Functional System can be effective in analyzing and recognizing the rule of this way of trading. But since today the discourse of the text in religious texts is unknown, some other tools (of text analysis) such as nodal point, extracting the presupposition, dynamic synchronic study, and the study of paradigmatic and syntagmatic elements of the text, have been used in this research.  As a result, it seems that the Pure Imams (‘a.s.) have changed the discourse of this term and this way have changed its application. Consequently, they have turned an invalid transaction (i.e. capital plus profit with mention of percentage ratio) to a valid deal or transaction (i.e. fixed price regardless of the capital).

Language Economy is a mental-lingual activity that mind by applying the least linguistuc structures uses the lingual patterns to represent the intended concepts and meanings. In other words, it is the principle of Parsimony. Language Economy is common in all languages all over the world. Arabic is not an exception, but a prominent example of this. It is abundatly seen in Nahi al-Balagha which is a literary masterpiece in religious texts. This valuable book has multiple chapters one of which is the letters of Imam Ali. This letters have different parts including wills, circulars, instructions, governmental commands, and written letters that are characterized by excerpt, abbreviation, briefness, and Parsimony principle. This research aims to study Language Economy in Nahj al-Balagha letters based on Halliday's Systemic Functional Linguistics Theories using a descriptive-analytical approach. The results of this study reveal that Imam Ali has used the Parsimony principle in all the lingual levels and layers of letters in order to keep and save his message in the mind of the reader as well as to transfer the important governmental messages, wills, and instructions.

One of the oldest Quranic scholars' disagreement in arranging the verses of Quranic chapters is to be detained and individual reasoning (Ijtihad). By qur’anic narrative and intellectual reasons have been proved that all of Quranic verses have been arranged as detained. Although some believes to individual reasoning the arrangement of the qur’anic verses have known a few verses as the Companions' individual reasoning, some Quranic verses have mentioned by virtue of this individual reasoning. Also, surah Mumtahanah has been the most prominent  instances in their viewpoint because descent order of these verses is in contrary with detained its verses arrangement. A descriptive-analytic method has been applied to extract cohesion in order to prove coherence the verses of surah Mumtahanah. The level of coherence of surah Mumtahanah will be discussed based on Halliday and Hassan's theory which it emphasizes on the relation between sentences in the text, and also, a logical relationship among words and phrases. Meanwhile it is proved that the arrangement of the verses of surah Mumtahanah is not individual reasoning by virtue of studying cohesion in addition to the unity of its subject, i. e. Islamic laws as Tavalla, Tabarra, and to avoid friendship between believers and disbelievers. Surah Mumtahanah places after surah Ahzab in terms of its history. It is descended in the late of 6th year before Mecca triumph in 8th year(A.H.). therefore, there is not any difference in arrangement of descending its verses.

The systemic functional theory of Halliday is based on three levels of semantics, known as ideational, interpersonal, and textual. The present descriptive-analytical research aimed to study the clauses of ayahs of Surah Al-Humazah from the point of view of textual metafunction. The findings showed that the frequent use of marked theme has highlighted and better conveyed the message to the audience and this usage fits the discourse space of the surah in question. Furthermore, new information in this surah has the highest frequency because the surah makes use of curse, warning, and threatening of the accumulators of property and wealth ("who amasses wealth and counts it") as well as faultfinders ("Woe to every backbiter, slanderer"). Grammatical and lexical coherence and linking, which are in a logical exchange with each other, has made the text integrated, helping the readers to better understand the Qur'anic text.