جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "پیشگیری" در نشریات گروه "فقه و حقوق"

In the field of family institution, from the perspective of sociology and criminal law, especially criminology, there are many factors and variables that can be effective in committing or preventing crime. The criminal justice system requires that the roots of the crime and the tendency towards it be analyzed from the smallest element of the society, i.e. the family. Although in criminology, criminals can be divided into accidental and habitual criminals; But in accidental criminals, the roots of crime are activated from the most basic institution of society, namely the family. On the other hand, crime-causing factors generally include physical and genetic factors, emotional and psychological factors, as well as social factors and environmental effects, can be formed from the foundations of the family. Therefore, the family will be recognized as an independent variable and the effect of the family institution on the occurrence or prevention of crime as a dependent variable; Therefore, the factors in the family are analyzed by separating the effective factors in committing crime and the effective factors in preventing crime. The results of the discussion indicate that the challenges of the family institution such as violence, corporal punishment, parents' preoccupation and the like can be effective in the occurrence of crime, and on the other hand, emotional connection with children, family management and religious education can have a direct effect to prevent crime.

The prevention of child victimization in cyberspace is the subject addressed in this article. The issue of crime prevention has permeated all levels of society, and one of the most significant areas is crime prevention in cyberspace. Traditionally, prevention has been divided into situational and social categories. Both models of prevention may be applicable to child victimization in cyberspace. Since threats in the virtual space lead many children astray and can be considered one of the most significant factors endangering their individual and social well-being, we first examine the risk factors and then discuss situational methods for preventing child victimization in cyberspace.

The necessity of addressing the concerns of children, including cyber-victimization, which is one of the most significant issues, is evident and undeniable. Securing cyberspace for children requires mechanisms that, while increasing flexibility in cyberspace, lead to a reduction in cybercrimes and to optimize conditions for the effective use of cyberspace. Accordingly, this article seeks to address the following questions: What harms and risks does cyberspace pose for children and adolescents? And what are the most effective preventive measures to deter children and adolescents from engaging in cyber-related offenses? The findings of the research indicate that, firstly, the cyber space has become highly influential in the lives of our children and adolescents, to the extent that it is perceived as an integral member of families. The cyber environment has the potential to exert highly detrimental effects on children and adolescents, fostering conditions that may lead to delinquency. Secondly, given the pervasive use of cyber space, the governing policies in our country, in addition to embracing the opportunities it offers, must also address its associated harms and threats. In this context, the primary role in developmental prevention within the cyber-family space is emphasized. The objective of this research is to propose situational prevention strategies to mitigate harms associated with the virtual environment. Through extensive library research, this study outlines situational prevention strategies aimed at addressing the risks of cyberspace. This research is applied in nature and employs a descriptive-analytical methodology. Library research methods and note-taking techniques were utilized in this study.

The body and texture of cities plays an important role on human behavior in interaction with other humans and the surrounding environment. Nowadays, modern urbanization with the increase of the physical expansion of the cities, population density and as a result the lack of urban space, has caused the increase in the consequences of crime and social anomalies. In this regard and to examine the role of the environment on crime prevention, the present research raises the question that what are the most important factors in crime prevention from the perspective of Place-based Model? The findings have shown that the activities of urban planning and the implementation of urban construction and design are the most influential elements among the indicators, in order of influencing the component and the highest level of penetration and the crime prevention component. Due to their high effectiveness, they play the most important role in the structure of the components affecting crime prevention. Inattention to these components in the issue of crime prevention calls for a review of the ongoing measures. Also, it is necessary to adopt new and innovative strategies to prevent crimes, in the early stages, it focuses on the fundamental factors of insecurity in cities and crime prevention policies are mostly done by reducing the opportunities to commit crimes; These measures are implemented through urban design and planning and optimal use of the urban environment. The method of this article is open and semi-structured interviews with experts.

Social developments, especially in the field of criminal law and criminology, have a significant impact on crime prevention and fighting. This article examines the various dimensions of these impacts, including changes in crime patterns, increases or decreases in specific crimes, and adaptation of policies and laws to social needs. Social developments, in the field of criminal law and criminology, have not only led to changes in criminal patterns, but also created new challenges and opportunities to fight crime. This article tries to improve the mechanisms and legal policies to deal with crime and maintain the security of the society by examining these effects more deeply and analyzes various aspects of this relationship. Social changes, including changes in family structure, increase in technology, and economic changes, have affected crime patterns. For example, the increased use of cyber space may lead to digital crimes. People may find new ways to commit crimes with changes in social conditions, and this requires new and updated research in the field of criminal law and criminology. In addition, the number of specific crimes has also been affected. For example, during times of social change, some crimes may increase, while others decrease. This article emphasizes in detail the type and frequency of these crimes and tries to analyze the causes of these changes. In this context, policies and legal laws must also be synchronized with social developments. Compliance of these policies with the needs of the society ensures the increase of productivity in dealing with crime and the maintenance of public safety. In general, the article deals with the deep analysis of the effects of social changes on the field of criminal law and criminology and pays attention to the improvement of policies and strategies in this field.

Nowadays, legal experts have largely neglected economic corruption and its unpleasant impacts on stability and social security. Disordering the country's economic security, like other violations of law has various manifestations in terms of the unity and plurality of its perpetrators. But in recent years, the desire to commit economic corruption through the formation of gangs and criminal groups has increased to take advantage of hiding from the country's economic anti-sabotage system and consequently living for a long time, on one hand, and have been encouraged to the formation of family gangs in major economic corruptors due to the lack of sufficient trust in people who are not related to them on the other hand. This trend disrupts the economic stability of the country through illegal currency buying and carpeting, money laundering, fraud, smuggling, etc. Despite the repeated statements of the Supreme Leader about the need to protect the country's economic system against economic corruption, the legislators have not paid enough attention to comprehensive legislation to prevent damage to the country's economic order by abusive intra-family relationships. This neglect leads to the passive confrontation of the judicial structure with the formation of family gangs that cause economic corruption on a big scale. This legislative and judicial gap justifies the importance of conducting research concerning this issue.  In this regard, the main question of this research is what is the extent of the duties and powers of the Islamic ruler regarding eradicating economic imbalances facilitated through family relationships? This research uses the analytical-descriptive method and observes the actions of the legislative and judicial authorities to reform the legislative procedure and, as a result, issue judicial warranties aligned with the implementation of the general orders of the Supreme Leader to fight against economic corruption.

The use of data and computer systems as the subject and means of committing a crime is one of the manifestations of the negative link between these technologies and criminal law. The purpose of this research is to identify the challenges of the Iranian police in the search and seizure of data and the system in the prevention and detection of crime. The current research is applied in terms of its purpose, and descriptive-analytical in terms of its type and in the category of qualitative research. By using library resources and interviews with university experts, data has been collected and analyzed by qualitative content analysis method. The findings indicate that the police faces challenges in the search and seizure of data and the system with two types of challenges including: The The challenges are in the field of protecting the privacy of individuals and in the field of legislative limitations and loopholes. Therefore, the elimination of legislative gaps in the field of privacy and police powers and their access to databases for the prevention and detection of crime are effective in solving the challenges of the police in inspecting and confiscating data and systems in Iran.

The present analysis examines in detail the unknowing departure of Iranian women from the country and getting stuck with a deviation such as prostitution in Turkey, to criticize and analyze the laws related to this deviation, to prevent the continuation of deviant behaviors of women and reduce Such deviations are dealt with by reforming and rehabilitating women instead of suppressing and punishing them. The present research, by proposing reforms in various laws, reaches the conclusion that making some reforms in the laws related to women's deviations is effective in preventing deviant phenomena such as female prostitution and leads to the adoption of legislative criminal policy. There is a difference regarding the deviations of Iranian women in Turkey.This article has been written considering ethical considerations such as honesty, trustworthiness in text analysis and citation.

The main hypothesis of the present research, which the legal criminal policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding the prostitution of Iranian women in Turkey should be comprehensive and to be efficient, in response to the main question of the research which states: What should be the legal criminal policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding the prostitution of Iranian women in Turkey? It is proved in the conclusion of the present study. The type of research is theoretical and the research method is descriptive

The third millennium has confronted man with a space parallel to the real space, which is much wider and more accessible than that, a space that, in addition to the countless benefits it has for today's mankind, is also a platform that makes it easier to commit some crimes. In fact, the new human life in this space is exposed to serious threats, one of these threats in this space is the sexual abuse of children, children due to not having enough control over their actions and not being able to defend themselves against threats. Like the real world, they are considered one of the most vulnerable sections of the society, and this vulnerable situation of children requires the double attention of policymakers in the virtual world. In this article, information has been collected in a library form and analyzed using a descriptive analytical method. In order to prevent the sexual victimization of children in this space, the best policy is comprehensive and coherent global policies that will minimize the possibility of children being victimized in sexual crimes, the most important of these policies; Compilation of international treaties is the accession of all countries to these treaties, and domestic policies such as the formulation of special regulations in the field of children in cyberspace and on the other hand the control of entry and the level of access and quality of children in cyberspace should be taken into consideration. Due to the fact that we are at the beginning of the use of cyberspace, in line with the expansion of cyberspace, comprehensive and reliable preventive policies have not been adopted to prevent sexual abuse of children, both domestically and internationally..

In the conditions of the spread of the Covid-19 virus and the pervasiveness of the transformation of everyday affairs in the heart of societies and the emergence of a critical control with the onslaught of references in the cyberspace, the present research has investigated the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the number of cybercrimes and media literacy. The research method is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of execution method. The statistical population includes university professors, lawyers, judges, lawyers, and IT experts in the year 1400-1401. The statistical sample was 90 people, which was selected from the society by stratified random sampling. We have also used the single-sample t statistic method to analyze the research hypotheses. In line with the investigation of the role of the covid-19 pandemic on increasing the level of media literacy and reducing cybercrimes, as well as the existence of a significant relationship between increasing media literacy and reducing the number of crimes in the cyber space, the results of the study show that the Covid-19 crisis has had a positive and significant effects in increasing the level of media literacy as well as the number of crimes. Despite the increase in media literacy, we are facing a slight increase in cybercrime, but in proportion to the amount of crowding of users in cyberspace and the number of crimes before the Covid-19 pandemic and during the pandemic, we can see a decrease in crimes.

Nowadays, with the migration of crimes to the cyberspace, internet fraud is one of the most problematic crimes. The police can proactively and proactively deal with the spectrum of unsafe, criminal and disorderly events and trends. The purpose of the research is to explain and research the internet fraud based on the cases filed in Lorestan province.

In terms of purpose, this research is practical and in terms of data collection method, it is qualitative research with a future research approach. The statistical population of the research is the total number of internet fraud cases in Lorestan province during the years 2018 to 2022. Data collection was done by documentary method and then using a focus group of 10 people consisting of elites and experts with at least 15 years of managerial and executive experience in the field of computer crime prevention. The data was analyzed by trend research method.

It indicates that the trend of internet fraud has been on the rise in the studied years and the most common type of crime is phishing. Most of the criminals are between 18 and 30 years old and male. On the other hand, most of the victims of crime are women and the elderly. The trend of discovery is upward, so that more than 91% of internet frauds are discovered. Also, the highest proportion of discoveries is related to the years 2021 and 2022..

By reviewing the available statistics and evidence, it is predicted that the trend of internet fraud will increase rapidly in the future. Teaching new technologies and raising people's awareness of fraud tricks and tricks, especially for women and the elderly, as well as using trusted sites, are effective factors in preventing internet fraud.

Today, one of the prominent and important issues in the researches in the field of criminology in different countries of the world is the fear of crime, which according to some people is as important as the crime itself, but the phenomenon of fear of crime is a very complex issue that Its amount and factors may be different in each city or region. Fear of crime is not only a feeling, but a reality that is tied to people's lives and has destructive effects on politics, economy, social life and criminal policy of countries.Fear of crime plays a very important role in the field of crime prevention, so that the United Nations has considered fear of crime as one of the main elements of prevention. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of the police on the fear of crime and ways to prevent it. The components that are in the prevention of crime and fear of crime and are related to the police have been analyzed and a solution has been mentioned for each.

SummaryToday examining the principles and basis of crime survey based on criminal statistics is a quantitative method of crime prevention in cyber spaces. Which exists as the black figure of crime, the use of survey methods (victim-oriented survey and offender-oriented survey) has been identified as a model at the national and international level and plays an important role in the criminal policy of countries in the prevention of cyberspace crimes. In terms of practical purpose and in terms of the type of research, this is a descriptive-analytical research that was collected and analyzed using library sources. There are effective solutions in this field, and the use of survey methods in the thinking and criminal policy of each country is very important, and the implementation of a well-considered, efficient and preventive criminal policy, which is one of the concerns of the statesmen in the implementation of security and justice, helps a lot and reduces the crime rate. In cyberspace, which is an unknown world, it helps a lot. The results of this study show that survey principles can reduce the attraction of targets in the cyber environment by using the teachings of cyber criminology and various social and situational preventions through public education. and other regulatory measures to deal with and prevent in the cyberspace, and the survey of crimes as a knowledge about the type of crime, the number of crimes, the age, gender, and judicial records of cybercriminals gives useful information.

Today, administrative and economic corruption is one of the challenges of society and the administrative and political system of Iran. At the same time, in the statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution, the Supreme Leader outlined the requirements for the realization of this great ideal, in line with the realization of the new Islamic civilization. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the importance of the approach of the statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution to economic and administrative corruption and the mechanisms of its prevention in Iran's criminal law. The present paper is descriptive and analytical using the library method. The results of the study show that the declaration of the second step of the Islamic revolution in its fourth recommendation considers justice and the fight against corruption to be necessary for each other and considers the lack of political and economic health as a factor affecting the legitimacy of the system. From the point of view of the statement of the second step, justice and the fight against corruption can be given serious attention as one of the clear bases for the planning of the executive officials to fulfill the demands of the leadership and take a step towards the creation of a new Islamic civilization. In addition, many laws have been established in criminal law to prevent economic and administrative corruption in criminal and non-criminal forms. Fines and imprisonment are among the most important examples of criminal prevention and supervision and efforts for economic privatization are among the most important non-criminal mechanisms for preventing economic and administrative corruption. Indeed, the existing laws need to be revised due to fragmentation.

The phenomenon of goods smuggling in our country is important as an economic and social challenge in addition to the negative economic effects. Today, this phenomenon, in addition to being a serious threat to free trade, imposes a lot of costs on the economic body of the country. Smuggling of goods on the one hand reduces the customs and tax revenues of the government and on the other hand it causes fruitless outflow of currency, massive flight of capital, increase in unemployment, decrease in domestic industrial production, etc. One of the most important examples of the underground economy is the phenomenon of smuggling of goods and currency, which disrupts the economic information system of the country. If the government commits smuggling, in addition to rejecting the property, and in the absence of the same property, rejecting its value, depending on the case, according to the conditions and facilities, frequency and degree of the crime, to pay a cash fine of up to five times the value of the smuggled property in riyals and whipping up to 74 Hit is punished, and in the case of prohibited goods and exclusive goods, in addition to the above punishment, he will be sentenced to imprisonment for up to two years. According to Article 39 of this law, "in the case of smuggling of items whose import or export is prohibited or belongs to the government, in addition to confiscating the property, the perpetrators will be sentenced to pay a fine equal to twice its value and to imprisonment from two months to two years." On the other hand,

In recent years, various theories have been proposed in the field of crime prevention in order to reduce the amount of crimes in societies, by the thinkers of this field. The pattern and nature of delinquency depends on the age. This type of prevention prevents the risk factors that encourage a child or teenager to commit delinquency and strengthens the factors that support their healthy life in order to avoid incompatibility, deviance and criminal acts. prevented by them The mentioned factors can be considered both as a risk factor and as a prevention factor and as a basis for the development of children and adolescents in the Law on the Protection of Children and Adolescents, because growth-oriented prevention is used in a way specific to these ages, it led us to Let's look for fields of this type of prevention, which in Articles 1, 3, 6, 16, 32 of this law, the legislator's attention to it is clearly evident, also with the approval of the "Protection of Children and Adolescents" law in Iran and the "Dealing with Juvenile Violations" law. In Afghanistan, there are signs of the acceptance of a differential criminal policy in dealing with crimes against children and adolescents in the criminal law of Iran and Afghanistan, which has been referred to in the law of dealing with children's offenses in Afghanistan, although it is limited.

Understanding the personalities of perpetrators of violent crimes from the perspectives of psychologists and criminologists is one of the key research areas for exploring psychological studies of violent crimes within the criminal justice field. This study aims to investigate the role, application, and solutions of scientific psychology concerning individuals who commit violent crimes. The violence exhibited by offenders is a result of personality disorders, internal and external family issues, and the effects of power and wealth inequality in society. Through clinical psychology and criminal psychology, experts in this field can prevent recurrent aggression and work towards reconstructing the offender's personality to minimize aggression levels and reduce the number of aggressive individuals. Additionally, categorizing these offenders under anger management programs can assess their actions during the commission of the crime, determining punishments based on such assessments. Despite legislative measures and reform programs implemented by prison classification councils, aggressive violence in society has been on the rise, and reducing the criminal prison population (including the 1399-approved law on reducing punitive imprisonment) has proven ineffective.

Undoubtedly, childhood is one of the most sensitive periods of human life, because during this period, various physical and mental aspects of the child are being formed and developed, and violence against them during these sensitive years of life causes serious damage to their growth and health. The increasing trend of violence against children and teenagers and the need to support the most vulnerable group of society make it necessary to investigate this phenomenon. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze the jurisprudential and legal aspects of the prevention of violence against children and teenagers by formulating a strong implementation guarantee. The current research is a descriptive-analytical one whose data was collected through library methods. Dealing with violence against children and teenagers is necessary as the first example of support in the field of reducing violence and also preventing the repetition of violence against this group of people in society who have such a bitter experience. In expressing the importance of the subject, it is necessary to know that the growth and development of the society depends on the security and comfort of the ruler of that society. If there is violence against children in the society, it can jeopardize security.