جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تحریف های شناختی » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

Adolescence is referred to as a dynamic and active period of each person's life, and the major part of a person's personality is formed in this period. Undoubtedly, the importance of the adolescent developmental period cannot be denied. Thus, during adolescence, a person may encounter problems in various areas of individual, family, psychological, emotional, social, and health. Although the prevailing view among researchers is that most people go through the developmental stage of adolescence and the unstable psychological and emotional states of that stage in good health, recent research suggests that the number of adolescents with symptoms of behavioral disorders or who express emotion is increasing. According to this, the present study was conducted to test the model of the relationship between social anxiety and parental psychological control and social support with the mediation of cognitive distortions in students.
 
The research method was descriptive-correlational and Structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study included all first and second high school male and female students who were studying in the academic year 2019-20. The statistical sample included 400 adolescents who were selected through a clustered random sampling method. After collecting the questionnaires and removing the distorted and incomplete questionnaires, 373 students remained in the research (198 female students and 175 male students). The applied questionnaires included Social Anxiety Scale (CAS) (LaGreca, 1998), Parental Psychological Control Questionnaire (PPCQ) (Soenens, Vansteenkiste, Luyten, 2010), Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (CDQ) (Hamamci, Büyüköztürk, 2004), and Peer Social Support Questionnaire (PSSQ) (Procidano, Heller, 1983). The data analysis was conducted through way analysis. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS and Amos 23 software.
 
The results showed that parental psychological control, peer social support, and cognitive distortions have a significant relationship with social anxiety (p<0.01). Moreover, parental psychological control and peer social support have a direct significant effect on cognitive distortions and social anxiety (p<0.01). Furthermore, the results of the Bootstrap and Sobel test showed that cognitive distortions have a significant mediation role in the relationship of parental psychological control and peer social support with social anxiety in male and female students (p<0.01). Finally, the model had an appropriate goodness of fit.
 
Taking the significant mediation role of cognitive distortions into account, clinical therapists must decrease the student's cognitive distortions by applying cognitive techniques. Reducing cognitive distortions allows adolescents to have more efficient cognitive processing. This process also reduces the incidence of cognitive errors.

This research was conducted to develop a model for predicting social anxiety in male and female adolescents based on perfectionism, social self-efficacy, and cognitive distortions. The research was applied and descriptive-correlational and way analysis was the research method. The statistical population of the present survey consisted of all first- and second-year male and female high school students in 2019-2020. 373 adolescents were selected through clustered random sampling for the statistical sample. Social Anxiety Scale (CAS) (LaGreca, 1998), Perfectionism Scale (PS) (Najjarian, Attari, Zargar, 1999), Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (CDQ) (Hamamci, Büyüköztürk, 2004), and social Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ) (Gaudiano, Herbert, 2003) were the questionnaires utilized. Path analysis was used to conduct the data analysis. Perfectionism, social self-efficacy, and cognitive distortions were found to have a significant relationship with social anxiety (p0.01). In addition, perfectionism and social self-efficacy have a direct significant impact on cognitive distortions associated with social anxiety (p<0.01). In addition, the results of the Bootstrap and Sobel tests indicated that cognitive distortions play an important mediating role in the relationship between perfectionism and social self-efficacy and social anxiety in male and female adolescents (p<0.01). Ultimately, the model's goodness of fit was satisfactory. Considering the significant mediating role of cognitive distortions, it is necessary for clinical clinicians to use cognitive techniques to reduce adolescents’ cognitive distortions.

Borderline personality disorder is characterized by features such as identity diffusion, primitive defense mechanisms, fear of intimacy, and reality-testing deficiencies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of components of interpersonal cognitive distortions, differentiation of self and interpersonal problems in predicting of borderline personality. For data analysis, stepwise multiple regression analysis was used. 318 undergraduate students were selected by random cluster sampling and filled the Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions (Hamamci & Büyüköztürk, 2004), Differentiation of Self (Skowron & Friedlander, 1998), Interpersonal Problems (Barkham, Hardy & Startup, 1994), and Borderline Personality Scale (Leichsenring, 1999). The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that among the components of cognitive distortions, the expectation of rejection (R2= 0.20), among the components of differentiation, emotional cutoff (R2=0.34), and among The components of interpersonal problems, aggression (R2=0/15), had the most role in explaining the borderline personality (p< 0/01), which in this study were presented as " triad spacing mechanism " in the borderline personality. Also in borderline personality organization in the component of identity diffusion, cut-off (R2=0/21) in defense mechanisms, reactivity (R2=0/22), in fear of intimacy, cut-off (R2=0/34) and in reality testing, misperception (R2=0/23), had a greater role in explanation (p< 0/01). Considering these dimensions can be useful in redefining borderline personality disorder as a distance personality in preventing and intervening in treatment.

Nursing is one of the professions that is always faced with numerous and stressful factors in the work environment. The nature of this job is such that it involves a combination of roles through technical activities, professional skills, human relations and empathy. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of mindfulness-based schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on cognitive distortions and causal attributions in nursing and midwifery students with health anxiety.

It is a semi-experimental research design with a pre-test-post-test design and a three-month follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included all nursing and midwifery students suffering from health anxiety in the free universities of Gilan branch in 2021. Among these, 45 people were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly replaced in experimental groups (schema therapy based on mentality and therapy based on acceptance and commitment) and control (15 people in each group). Mindfulness based schema therapy was performed in 10 90-minute sessions based on Yaung et al.'s (2003) educational package in the experimental group. Data were collected using Ellis' (2000) Cognitive Distortion Questionnaire, Peterson et al.'s (1982) documentary style, and Salkovskis' (2002) health anxiety. The data was analyzed using SPSS-22 software and through the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements.

The results showed that mindfulness-based schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy are effective on cognitive distortions (P<0.001) and causal documents (P<0.001) of nursing and midwifery students suffering from health anxiety. Also, the results of the follow-up test showed that mindfulness-based schema therapy on acceptance and commitment therapy has a greater effect on cognitive distortions and causal attributions than mindfulness-based schema therapy.

Considering the role of beliefs and thoughts in cognitive distortions, it is suggested that therapists consider these interventions in reducing the symptoms of worry and disease perception.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of trauma-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on suicidal thoughts and cognitive distortions of youth with a history of suicide. In terms of purpose, the current research was of applied type and the method of conducting it was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with an experimental group and a control group and a three-month follow-up period. Therefore, the statistical population of the research included 18-25-year-old people with a history of suicide who had referred to a private counseling and psychotherapy center in Tehran's 10th district in 1401. 30 people were selected by available sampling and randomly assigned to an experimental group (15 people) and a control group (15 people). Then, Mannarino et al.'s (2014) trauma-based cognitive-behavioral therapy package was implemented on the test group. In order to collect data, the research tools included the Ellis Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (2000) and the Beck Suicidal Thoughts Scale (BSSI). For data analysis, mixed variance analysis with repeated measurements and Bonferroni's post hoc test and SPSS software version 26 were used. F value and significance level were calculated in the analysis of variance with repeated measurement in the variable of cognitive distortions (F = 7.15 and P = 0.001) and suicidal thoughts (F = 7.40 and P = 0.001). It can be concluded that the intervention used in this study, namely trauma-based cognitive behavioral therapy as an independent variable, has significantly caused changes in the dependent variables (cognitive distortions and suicidal thoughts). Based on the available findings, it can be concluded that trauma-based cognitive-behavioral therapy can be useful for the treatment of young people with a history of suicide..

The purpose of this study was the determination of the effectiveness of self-healing approach on cognitive distortions and interpersonal forgiveness of women with psychological distress.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with two groups (experimental group and control group) in two stages (pre-test and post-test) and it was performed on the women of the Counseling Center of Isfahan Second District in the second half of 1399 (solar year). 60 individuals were diagnosed with the psychological distress and for this purpose, 40 individuals who were eligible to participate in the study, were selected by using random sampling and randomly they were assigned to the experimental and control groups. Research instruments included the questionnaires of the psychological distress (Kessler, 2002), cognitive distortions (Hamam Chi and Boyuk, 2004) and interpersonal forgiveness (Ehtesham Zadeh, 2010). The experimental group received fourteen sessions of 90 minutes of self-healing training and the control group did not receive any training. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used in order to analyze the data.

The results of the present study demonstrated that the self-healing approach had a significant effect on the cognitive distortions and forgiveness of women with psychological distress (p<0.001).

It is recommended to pay more attention to education in families due to its effectiveness in improving the psychological health of women with psychological distress, as well as increasing the forgiveness and reducing the cognitive distortions.

Emotional divorce is the most important stage in the divorce process and indicates a declining marital relationship, which has increased in recent years. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between lovemaking styles and cognitive distortions with emotional divorce in women. The research design was descriptive, of correlational type. The statistical population of the present study was all married women in District 2 of Tehran in 2019. To conduct this study, 150 people were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and asked to complete the Emotional Divorce Scale (EDS), Sternberg Love Scale (SLS), and the Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale (ICDS). The results of the study showed that emotional divorce has a significant negative relationship with each of the dimensions of lovemaking styles, i.e. sincere love, passionate love and committed love and have a significant positive relationship with each of the dimensions of cognitive distortions, i.e. rejection in interpersonal relationships, unrealistic expectations in relationships and misunderstanding in interpersonal relationships. In addition, according to other results of the study, among the styles of lovemaking, "committed style" and among the cognitive distortions, "misunderstanding in interpersonal relationships" were significant predictors of emotional divorce in women. Therefore, counselors and therapists can reduce the likelihood of emotional divorce in women by providing timely and appropriate interventions and training in the field of lovemaking styles and cognitive distortions.

Tendency toward using  drugs is defined as a kind of desire and dependency to use narcotics as the result of which the individual surrenders himself to that  desire leading him to certain  physical and psychological consequences.  The purpose of this study is to present a structural model of drug addiction based on cognitive distortion, personality traits and academic exhaustion of the  students of Kermanshah Azad University. As far as the structural models and implementation methods are concerned, the research methodology is defined as a descriptive one based on the correlation of the equations. The statistical population of this research includes the total number of the students of Azad University of Kermanshal branch in the academic year of 1399 – 1400 (2020 -2021), 235  of whom were selected as the sample group based on Cochran’s formula. The sampling method was available. To collect research data, both library and field study methods were used. In the section of the field study for data gathering questionaries on the tendency to use addictive substances of Adram and Nikmanessh (2021), five personality factors (NEO-FFI) and the Cognitive distortion scale were used. SPSS software was used to analyze research data. The results showed that there is a relationship between cognitive distortion and the tendency toward drug addiction. The results also demonstrate that there exists a relationship between personality traits and addiction tendency. Other results also showed that there is a significant relationship between academic burnout and tendency toward drug addiction.

The aim of this study then was to investigate the effectiveness of modular cognitive behavioral therapy on anxiety sensitivity and cognitive distortions in girls with social anxiety. A semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group was applied. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female students with social anxiety in Mashhad. The statistical sample consisted of 24 students with social anxiety, who were selected by available sampling method and assigned to the experimental and control groups. The revised Cox and Taylor anxiety sensitivity questionnaire, Beck and Weisman cognitive distortions were used for data collection. After performing the pre-test, the experimental group underwent intervention for 10 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group was placed on the waiting list. The results of analysis of covariance showed that by controlling the effect of pre-test in the post-test stage, there is a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in the variables of anxiety sensitivity and cognitive distortions. So that the experimental group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. Also, the results of the study showed a decrease in the subscales of fear of anxiety reactions, fear of cardiovascular and respiratory symptoms and lack of cognitive control of his anxiety sensitivity subscale. According to the research findings, since patients with social anxiety have symptoms of anxiety sensitivity and cognitive distortions, the use of modular cognitive-behavioral intervention as an effective treatment in patients with social anxiety is recommended.

Marital Burnout is one of the effective factors in divorce.Since divorce can have negative effects on family members and society as a whole, this study investigated the relationship between marital Burnout based on cognitive distortions andcommunication patterns.

Research method wasdescriptive and from correlation type. The statistical populationwere all married women teachers of elementary school in Isfahan in 2017 that by using random cluster sampling 335 person were selected. To collect information was used fromCouple Burnout Scale (CBS), Cognitive Distortions and Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ). The data analyzed through Pearson correlation, stepwise multipleregression and SPSS-22 software.

The correlationresults showed there were a significant negative correlationbetween marital burnout with communication pattern of mutualconstructive and there were a significant positive correlationbetween marital burnout with cognitive distortions andcommunication pattern of demand / withdrawn (P< 0. 01), butthere wasnot significant negative correlation between maritalburnout with communication pattern of mutual avoidance (p> 0.05). Also regression results showed that (apart fromcommunication pattern of mutual avoidance) communicationpatterns of mutual constructive and demand-withdrawn and also cognitive distortions explain together % 33/1 of variance maritalburnout.

According to the findings of this study, itcan be concluded that cognitive distortions and communicationpatterns can predict marital disturbance and can be used toeducate and intervene in improving cognitive distortions andcommunication patterns as an effective way to reduce maritalmaladjustment to counselors and counselors in related affairs.Suggested to family.

Clinical and epidemiological studies have proved the role of cognitive processes in the formation and continuity of social anxiety. This study aimed to predict the social anxiety symptoms among adolescents based on the early maladaptive schemas and cognitive distortions. Population included all junior high-school students in Marivan city and among whom 400 students (200 males and 200 females) were selected as samples. To select sample size, the researcher referred to the selected high schools and distributed Connor’s social phobia index questionnaire among students who were suspicious of suffering from social anxiety (diagnosed by schools consultants and consistent with symptoms indicated in DSM-V). Upon the completion of the questionnaire, the students with confirmed social anxiety disorder were randomly selected as the sampling of the study. Data were gathered using social anxiety questionnaire, early maladaptive schemas questionnaire (short form) and cognitive distortions questionnaire. The collected data analyzed using Structural Equation Model. The results showed the structural model was fit. Five areas of the early maladaptive schemas (disconnection and rejection, impaired autonomy and performance, impaired limits, directedness, over-vigilance, and inhibition) can predict 63% of social anxiety. There was a direct and significant correlation between the variables of the early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety. Bootstrapping analysis revealed cognitive distortions served as a mediator between the early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety symptoms. The results of this study supported the role of the early maladaptive schemas as a vulnerability factor in social anxiety and the role of cognitive distortions as a linking mechanism between the early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cognitive distortions with married women teachers’ marital quality in the of Kermanshah city. The study population consisted of all married women teachers in Kermanshah was in 1395 that the number of samples of 150 persons were selected by multistage cluster sampling. To collect data from marital quality scale revised form (RDAS) and cognitive distortions questionnaire was used. Data using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation method, the results showed that there are significant negative correlation between marital qualities relationship and cognitive error, This means that more cognitive errors is much lower marital quality and, conversely, the higher the quality of the marital relationship is less cognitive errors

Aim: Since organization members are among the most important assets of higher education institutes, surveying and identifying factors associated with these sources which can be effective on their member's performance, have gained increasing importance. Accordingly, the aim of this study was investigating and predicting the cognitive distortions based on irrational beliefs and cognitive fusion in office members of Hamadan Payame Nour University.
To conduct the study, using random stratified sampling, a sample consisting of 240 office members of Hamadan Payame Nour University was chosen. Data were gathered through Irrational Beliefs (Jones,1986), Cognitive Distortions (Bek & Weissman, 1978), and Cognitive Fusion (Gillanders, 2010) Questionnaires. To evaluate the relations among variables, Pearson Correlation and Multiple regression were used.
The results showed that the irrational beliefs and cognitive fusion correlate positively and significantly and have significant predictive effect on cognitive distortions of Hamadan Payame Nour University office members.
According to the results, irrational beliefs and cognitive fusion have predictive role on cognitive distortions; therefore, by educating and management of rational beliefs and effective cognitive factors, cognitive distortions of Hamadan Payame Nour University office members could be reduced.

This research aimed to investigate the relationship between cognitive distortions and psychological well-being with marital disenchantment in couples applicant divorce in Rasht. The correlation method is used in this study. The population is all 640 couples applicant divorce referred to family clinic, Justice and Welfare in Rasht. Using the Morgan tables, 180 subjects were selected by cluster sampling method for this study. Data collection tool is cognitive distortions questionnaire (2010), Ryff psychological well-being (2010) and marital disenchantment (1996).  For data analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression parametric tests was used. The results showed that there is a relationship between psychological well-being and cognitive distortions to marital disenchantment (p<0.01). There is a significant positive correlation between cognitive distortions and marital disenchantment (p<0.01).  There is a significant negative relationship between the psychological well-being components that is self-acceptance, personal growth, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life and marital disenchantment. Regression analysis also revealed that cognitive distortion and the two components of psychological well-being, namely positive relations with others and purpose in life can act as marital disenchantment predictor.

The aim of this study was to examine the mediation effect of cognitive distortions in the relationship between body image and social anxiety among adolescents. In a correlational study 376 high school students from Kerman، with mean age 17 years and 3 months (SD = 2. 7) were selected via random sampling method and then they filled out the social anxiety scale for adolescents، physique anxiety scale and social anxiety thought questionnaire. Data were analyzed through Baron and Kenny steps for path analysis. The results revealed that negative body image is a positive predictor of social anxiety. Besides، cognitive distortions can positively predict social anxiety. Although cognitive distortions do not function as mediators in the relationship between body image and social anxiety، it can mediate the relationship between body image and fear of negative evaluations as a component of social anxiety. Findings suggest that cognitive distortions and Negative attitudes toward appearance characteristics are important for understanding of adolescents’ social anxiety. Thus، identification of these cognitive distortions may offer a better understanding of the etiology of the disorder in adolescents. Additionally، through considering components of social anxiety rather than the entire scale، the mediating role of cognitive distortions would remarkablely change.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cognitive distortions training on marital satisfaction in women. The sample was 60 married women who referred to Behzisti Counseling Centers in Isfahan. They were placed randomly in the experimental (30 people) and control group (30 people). Enrich marital satisfaction inventory was used. Cognitive distortion was assessed by cognitive distortion inventory and it was trained to experimental group in 6 sessions. Data were analyses by analysis of covariance and t-test by SPSS software. Results showed that cognitive distortions training improved marital satisfaction (P<0.001) and Cognitive distortions training reduced these distortions (P<0.001)