جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تصویر بدن » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on emotion regulation and body image of women with breast cancer. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest,  posttest,  control group design,  and  2 and 4-month follow-up. The statistical population consisted of women with mastectomy surgery in Tehran hospitals in 1400-1401.  Among them, 30 patients were selected by convenient sampling and randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 people) and a control group (15 people). 8 sessions of ACT were performed once a week for the experimental group.  Research tools included the Body Image Scale (BIS, Hopwood, et al., 2001) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ, Gross and John, 2003). The data were analyzed using mixed analysis of variance with repeated measures.  The results showed the difference between the pre-test and post-test stage of body image and the pre-test and 2-month follow-up and pre-test and 4-month follow-up (p<0.05)  is significant. The difference between the pre-test and post-test stage of the reappraisal component of emotion regulation and the pre-test and 2-month follow-up and pre-test and 4-month follow-up (p<0.05) is significant. The difference between the pre-test and post-test stage of the reappraisal component of emotion regulation and the pre-test and 2-month follow-up and pre-test and 4-month follow-up (p<0.05)  is significant.  Based on the results ACT is an effective intervention to improve body image perception and emotion regulation in patients with mastectomy surgery.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of correcting girls' cognitive bias towards physical appearance on their concern about body image.

The research method in this study was semi-experimental and using a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research includes female students of non-profit Foulad Industrial University, who were studying in the academic year 2018-2019. At first, using the purposeful sampling method, about 200 female students of the mentioned university were selected and asked to complete the body image questionnaire. Then, 30 students whose questionnaire scores were above the cut-off point were selected and randomly divided into two experimental (22 people) and control (23 people) groups. The research tools were: Littleton's body image questionnaire and dot probe task. First, a pre-test was taken from both groups, and then 8 sessions of 30 to 40 minutes were held individually for the experimental group. During this time, the control group did not receive any training. After the completion of the training, a post-test was taken from both groups and the collected data were analyzed by spss software, which used one-way analysis of covariance in the descriptive part of the mean and standard deviation indicators, and in the inferential statistics part. became.

The findings showed that correcting cognitive bias towards physical appearance reduces cognitive bias towards physical appearance and reduces concern about body image in female students. Cognitive bias correction can be used as an effective method.

correction of cognitive bias provided the ability to reduce bias towards physical appearance and reduce concern about body image among students.

The purpose of this research was to predict mental well-being and general health based on body image with the mediation of self-compassion in female athletes in Tehran. This was a descriptive correlational study that was conducted using the structural equation method. Also, in terms of the purpose, this study was practical. The statistical population of this research was all female athletes who referred to sports clubs in Tehran city. 250 people were selected by the convenience sampling method. The participants used a link to Keyes et al.'s mental well-being questionnaire (2003), Goldberg's general health questionnaire (1979), Neff et al.'s self-compassion questionnaire (2003), and body image questionnaire (Brun et al., 1990). Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Spearman's correlation, and path analysis using SPSS and PLS software. The results showed that body image has a direct effect on general health (β=-0.22; P=0.004), and self-compassion (β=-0.21; P=0.010). Also, self-compassion has a direct effect on mental well-being (β=0.32; P<0.001). The indirect effect of body image on mental well-being was confirmed through the mediation of self-compassion (β=0.07; P=0.035). According to the results, it can be concluded that strategies that increase self-compassion can provide a better picture of body image and increase the mental well-being of female athletes.

Chronic renal failure is defined as the presence of at least three months of glomerular filtration rate less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or structural/functional abnormalities of the kidney for more than three months (Lameire et al., 2021). Research showed that dialysis women suffer from a more negative body image than normal women (Dąbrowska-Bender et al., 2018). Body image is defined as individuals perception and attitudes towards their physical characteristics (Griffiths et al., 2018). Some studies have shown that body image dissatisfaction is directly related to a lack of self-confidence and self-esteem in sexual relations, more especially in women (Gillen & Markey, 2019). Sexual self-esteem is defined as individuals' overall desire to positively evaluate their capacity for participating in healthy sexual behaviors and experiences in a pleasurable and satisfying manner. Sexual self-esteem affects sexual behavior and includes emotional responses to thoughts and feelings (Akbari, 2017).Schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy are two different approaches, each of which looks at pathology with a different perspective. It seems that a combination of the two theraputic models can be a good complement to cover the shortcomings of each of them (Grecucci, 2018). Since no research has specifically compared the impacts of these approaches on psychological status of dialysis patients, it is important to investigate and compare the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy and schema therapy based on acceptance and commitment (AC-based schema therapy) on body image and sexual self-esteem of dialysis women.

This study was a semi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest and follow-up ‎control group design. The statistical population consisted of all married dialysis women who referred to Khorasan Razavi Dialysis Patients Support Association between January 2021 and June 2022. The sample included 45 married women undergoing dialysis. The participants were selected using convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to three groups. The first group (15 people) received the therapeutic intervention based on acceptance and commitment, the second group (15 people) received the AC-based schema therapy intervention, and the third group (15 people) were placed on the waiting list to receive psychological treatment. The tools included the Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI) and Sexual Self-Esteem ‎Index for Woman-Short Form (SSEI-W-SF). The AC-based therapy sessions were held based on the treatment protocol of Gustafson (2020) during ten 120-minute weekly sessions. The AC-based schema therapy sessions were held according to the treatment protocol of McKay et al. (2012) for ten 120-minute weekly sessions. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni test.

The results of chi-square test demonstrated that the groups were homogeneous in terms of age (p=0.979, χ2=8.00), duration of marriage (p=1.000, χ2=5.267), and duration of dialysis (p=0.628, χ2=9.867). After checking that the assumptions were fulfilled, repeated measures analysis of variance was used. The results showed that body image scores in the within-group section (P=0.001, F=57.908), the interaction effect of group and repetition (P=0.001, F=23.243) and the between-group effect (P=0.035, F=3.640) are significant in the studied groups in three phases of measurement. Moreover, sexual self-esteem scores in the within-group section (P=0.001, F=25.429), the interaction effect of group and repetition (P=0.001, F=6.575), and the between-group effect (P=0.037, F=3.251) are significant in the studied groups in three phases of measurement (P<0.05). Considering the significance of F statistic, it seems necessary to make post-experience comparisons. Hence, Bonferroni post hoc test was used to compare the therapy groups with the control group.The results of Bonferroni post hoc test revealed that in the posttest and follow-up phases, there is no significant difference between the studied groups (AC-based therapy and AC-based schema therapy and the control group) in the variables of body image (P=0.98) and sexual self-esteem (P=0.85), but in the posttest and follow-up phases, a significant difference was found between the AC-based therapy group and AC-based schema therapy with the control group (P<0.05). AC-based schema therapy caused more changes in the components of body image and sexual self-esteem in dialysis women.

The results indicating the greater impact of AC-based schema therapy compared to acceptance and commitment therapy are consistent with the findings of  Aalami (2020). Paying special attention to the factors causing ineffective behaviors adopted in order to reduce the emotional pain of the schema is one of the strengths of AC-based schema therapy compared to acceptance and commitment therapy (Nikpour, 2021). Showing the difficult situation of frequent dialysis as the only factor provoking uncomfortable feelings and thoughts formed from childhood experiences causes patients to know the root of their problems instead of considering the disease as the cause of dissatisfaction with appearance and lack of self-esteem in sexual relations. As a result, it will make them more motivated and hopeful to overcome and adjust their maladaptive schemas. The other strength of AC-based schema therapy compared to acceptance and commitment therapy is that clients more easily identify their values that are beyond their maladaptive schemas, and as a result, are more motivated to follow values (McKay, 2012). Another advantage of AC-based schema therapy is dedicating some of the group therapy sessions to teach communication skills, including self-expression, overcoming feelings of anger and hatred, assertiveness and marital skills (Lev & McKay, 2017), which increases intimacy and emotional interest of women in the marital relationship. Learning these skills, in addition to providing the apportunity for experiencing more sexual pleasure and the desire to have sexual relationships, can prevent the recurrence of dialysis women’s problems, since better satisfaction of the unsatisfied basic needs make people able to prevent the activation of maladaptive schemas.

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes joint pain, inflammation, and physical, and mental problems. Considering the high interaction of body image, personality traits, and perceived stress with complications caused by rheumatoid arthritis, it seems necessary to investigate their simultaneous role in a structural model.

This study aimed to provide a model to investigate the effect of personality traits on body image with the mediation role of perceived stress in people with rheumatoid arthritis.

Using the purposive sampling method, 350 people with rheumatoid arthritis referred to the rheumatology centers of Tehran hospitals were selected considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data was collected by the MBSRQ (Cash, 1990), NEO (Costa & McCrae, 1985), and PSS-14 (Cohen et al., 1983) questionnaires. In this study, descriptive data analysis and hypothesis testing were done using a path analysis approach with a structural equation method.

Findings revealed that neuroticism (-0.311) and perceived stress (-0.453) have a significantly negative effect while agreeableness 0.355 and openness (0.272) have a significantly positive effect on body image. Further, extroversion has a positive effect of (0.321) whereas conscientiousness and agreeableness have negative effects of -0.251 and –(0.276) on perceived stress. When Perceived stress was assessed the indirect effect of extroversion on body image turned negative at -0.1454, the indirect effect of agreeableness on body image turned positive at 0.1251, and the indirect effect of conscientiousness on body image turned positive at 0.1137 (p<0.01).

According to the findings, the final model has a good fit, thus personality traits and perceived stress are strong predictors of body image changes in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Considering the prominent role of psychological factors in the body image of people with rheumatoid arthritis, it is suggested to use complementary treatments that include cognitive, emotional, and behavioral factors.

This study aimed to determine the effect of self-healing training on quality of life (well-beingsatisfaction), body image and tolerance of anxiety in people with bulimia nervosa.

This study was quasiexperimental (pre-test post-test with the control group). The statistical population of the present study included all women with bulimia nervosa who were referred to specialists and medical centers in Isfahan in 1398. 30 women were selected by purposive sampling and randomly placed in experimental and control groups. Data collection tools were Simmons and Gahr (2005) Distress Tolerance Questionnaire, WHOQOLBREF Quality of Life-Short Questionnaire and Littleton et al. (2005) Fear of Body Image Questionnaire. The experimental group underwent 12 sessions of self-healing training but the group did not receive a training certificate. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that self-healing training has a significant effect on increasing the quality of life of people with binge eating disorder (P = 0.05). In addition, self-healing training has a significant effect on increasing the quality of life of people with binge eating disorder (P = 0.05). Also, selfhealing training has a significant effect on increasing the anxiety tolerance of people with binge eating disorder (P = 0.05).

According to this study, self-healing training can be used to increase stress tolerance, increase quality of life (welfare-satisfaction) and reduce fear of body image in women with bulimia nervosa. 

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mindfulness training on body image, impulsivity and social adjustment in obese girls in Najafabad city. The research method was quasi-experimental, pre-test and post-test with control group. And the Statistical population, was all the obese girls at the first half of 1397 in Najafabad city . At first, 30 female high school students in grade 1 and 2 with a range of 14 to 18 years old who were considered obese according to the body mass index (BMI) were selected purposefully. Then they were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (each group was 15). Both groups answered to three questionnaires before training: Multidimensional Body Relationships, (Cache, 1990), Barratt impulsivity Inventory,  (Patton, Stanford & Barratt, 1995) and California Social Adaptation Inventory (Thorpe, Clark & Tiegs, 1939). The experimental group underwent mindfulness training (8 sessions; 90 minutes) and after completing the training, the questionnaires were completed by both groups. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance with SPSS 21 software. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in body image, impulsivity and social adjustment (P <0.01). Also, a comparison of the scores in the post-test scores of the antisocial orientation component showed that the experimental group obtained higher scores than the control group and showed that the experimental group, after training the mindfulness training, in the anti-antithesis component. It has had better social, adaptability and performance. Therefore, Mindfulness training can be effective in improving body image, impulsivity and social adaptability.

The aim of this study was to investigate the Predicting the tendency to cosmetic surgery based on body image, anxiety and irrational beliefs The research method was descriptive (non-experimental) and the design was a correlational design.The statistical population of this study included all applicants for cosmetic surgery in Shaparak Beauty Clinic in Mashhad. Among them, according to the quarantine conditions caused by coronavirus, in an available method based on the purpose and based on the voluntariness of the subjects, and using Krejcie and Morgan table, a sample of 100 people was selected. Subjects then answered online three questionnaires of 4 irrational factors (Ahvaz, 2005), Fisher and Clant Body Image Questionnaire (1958) and Beck Anxiety Questionnaire (1990). Also, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression were used to analyze the data, and SPSS 22 software was used to accelerate the results. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between body image and tendency to cosmetic surgery, irrational beliefs and tendency to cosmetic surgery, and anxiety and tendency to cosmetic surgery. Also, the results of regression analysis showed that in the best model for predicting the tendency to cosmetic surgery, the body image in the reverse direction is able to predict the criterion variable (p<0.05). Therefore, the more negative their body image and the more irrational their anxiety and beliefs, the more likely they are to tend to cosmetic surgery.

Infertility led to personal and social problems among women. The present study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on cognitive emotion regulation strategies, body image and resilience of infertile women.

The method of the current study being quasi-experimental, was with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the study included all infertile women who had referred to Ghadir Hospital of Shiraz in 2019. Using purposeful sampling method, a total of 30 infertile women were selected and were randomly categorized as experimental and control groups. In the pre-test and post-test stages, Resilience Scale, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and the body Image Concern Inventory were conducted. After performing the pretest, the experimental group received ACT for 8 sessions of 60 minutes and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance with SPSS-22 software.

The results showed that by controlling the effect of pre-test, there was a significant difference between the mean post-test of the two groups in the variables of adaptive emotion regulation strategies (F=18.173), maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (F=16.163), body image (F=17.593) and resilience (F=16.826) at the level P = 0.01.

According to the results of this study, we can make use of ACT for the improvement of emotion regulation strategies, body image and resilience of infertile women.

The aim of the present investigation is to study the cognitive model of Rapee and Heimberg in explaining shyness. In the same vein, the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation and social-physique anxiety in the relationship between body image and Self-Focused Attention with shyness was investigated. Statistical population included all students studying at Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2019-2020, among them, 222 people were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected using the Focus of attention questionnaire, Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, Social physique anxiety scale, Cheeck-Briggs Shyness scale, and Body Image Rating Scale. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results revealed that that the variables of fear of negative evaluation and social-physique anxiety play a mediating role in the relationship between body image and focus of attention with shyness. In the face of social situations, a kind of mental representation of appearance is formed in the person that becomes the focus of attention, also attention is paid to the negative evaluation of others, and finally the anxiety caused by these two sources increases shyness, in other words, the cognitive processes of Rapee and Heimberg conceptual model of social anxiety also play a role in explaining shyness.

The growing importance of physical attractiveness has led to the fact that sometimes social acceptance and interpersonal success depend on perfect and ideal appearance. Also, the decline in the quality of physical and psychological health due to concerns about body shape and fear of physical appearance led to a to investigate the structural relationship between body dysmorphic disorder and early maladaptive schemas and perceived emotional invalidation with emphasis on the mediating role of metacognition, body image, and distress tolerance.

The present research is descriptive-applied. The statistical population of this study consisted of all students studying in the country's universities at all levels of education. Among them, 297 people participated in the study as a sample using purposive sampling and through the website, of course, after informed consent. They completed the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale for -BDD (Phillips et al., 1997), the Young Schema Questionnaire – Short Form (Welburn et al., 2002), the Distress Tolerance Scale (Simons and Gaher, 2005), the Perceived Invalidation of Emotion Scale (Zielinski,2016), the Body Dysmorphic Metacognitive Questionnaire (Rabiei et al.,2011), and the Body Image Concern Inventory (Littleton, Axsom, and Pury, 2005) were completed. The research data were analyzed by the structural equation modeling method and SPSS-15 and LISREL-8.5 software.

The results of modeling the structural equations of the research showed that the conceptual model of the research had a good fit with the experimental data. The present model can explain 68% of the symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder. The results of the Bootstrap test also showed that the disturbed body image variable is a mediating variable in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and perceived emotional discrediting with symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder. In addition, the distress tolerance variable has a mediating role concerning early maladaptive schemas and body deformity disorder, so the direct relationship between early maladaptive schemas and perceived emotional invalidation with body dysmorphic disorder was not significant considering the mediating role of these variables.Discussion and

The results of this study support the full mediating role of distress tolerance and deformity body image in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and perceived emotional discrediting with body deformity disorder, and may have practical clinical implications for evidence-based interventions for deformity.

The demand for Iranian society for cosmetic surgery is increasing. Many studies show that cosmetic surgery has many psychological dimensions. This study aims to investigate the roots of this behavior in Iranian society.

21 young women under 40 years of age were interviewed in a semi-structured interview and the data obtained from the interviews, after being written, were analyzed by the Van-Manen phenomenological method. 464 segments were coded.

The result of coding was 26 categories, 7 core codes, and 4 selective codes. Selective codes were extracted according to psychoanalytic theory. Finally, a model based on selective codes is presented to explain the behavior of requesting cosmetic surgery.

The negative body image is seen in all interviewees, which is accompanied by the expression of self-compassion, meaning "self-compassion based on appearance." The sensitivity of the individual to the judgment of society was the most common among the categories and the projection of his view of society is a defense mechanism that shows the most frequency in the sample. The model presented in this study states that when negative self-image is placed next to sensitivity to community judgment, compassion appears to be conditional, and the demand for cosmetic surgery increases. This model has been discussed in detail.

The goal of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the cognitive-behavioral educational program based on body image for sexual satisfaction and functioning for married female university students. The research design was quasi-experimental with a pretest, posttest, and control group. The statistical population of the study included all married female students studying in the faculties of humanities (i.e., Faculties of Psychology and Tributary Sciences; Social Sciences; and Economics) that according to the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), were dissatisfied with their body image. Among these students, 30 of whom getting scores lower than the average on Larson's sexual satisfaction questionnaire (LSSQ) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were selected (15 subjects were assigned to the experimental group, and 15 subjects were assigned to the control group) to participate in the Cognitive-Behavioral Educational Program. The analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that after receiving intervention, a significant difference (P<0/001) was found between the experimental and control groups in the rate of increase in sexual satisfaction and functioning. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the cognitive-behavioral educational program based on body image and modification of negative body image can be used to increase sexual satisfaction and functioning in married female students who are dissatisfied with their body image.

Aim: The aim was to determine effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy based on body image on sexual satisfaction and marital adjustment of infertile women.
Method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and follow-up with control group and statistical population was infertile women referred to 26 infertility treatment centers in Tehran in 2017 who, according to body multidimensional questionnaire’s Cash (1994) were dissatisfied with their body image. 30 infertile woman were selected using a two stage cluster sampling method and were placed randomly in two experimental and control groups. In this way, two centers namely, Hilal Ahmar Rooyesh and Khatam Ol-Anbiya were selected and participants were randomly selected from these centers and completed two questionnaires Larsson's (1976) Sexual Satisfaction Scale and Spinner's (1998) Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy based on body image, based on previous research by Cash and Strachan (2002) and Rosen, Saltzberg and Srebnik (1998) was implemented in experimental group once a week in nine sessions of 90 minutes duration. Data was analyzed using analysis of mixed variance with repeated measures.
Results showed significant difference between experimental and control groups in increased sexual satisfaction (F= 6.173, P= 0.019) and marital adjustment (F= 4.768, P= 0.039) scores in posttest and two month follow-up.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy of body image leads to self-confidence in sexual relationships and improves sexual satisfaction and marital adjustment of infertile women. This may occur as a result of modifying negative beliefs about physical appearance and replacing them with positive thoughts.

Social acceptability is one of the main aspects in social relations. The aim of this study was to compare body image and self-esteem of students with high and low social acceptance.
Research method was causal-comparative. 360 patients with cluster sampling selected from high school students in Qazvin¡ then 108 people from this number were identified as stars and isolated person by sociometry. In order to measure the variables of the questionnaire¡ the Cash''s Multidimensional Body-Self Relations (1990) and self-esteem scale (Rosenberg¡ 1965) were used. Data analyzed by using Analysis of Variance.
The results showed that there are significant differences between satisfaction of body image and self-esteem in isolated and stars¡ and the mean of body image and self-esteem of the stars is higher than isolated persons. Also there are a significant difference between high and low acceptable girls in body image and self-esteem. But there is not any differences between boys.
Results indicated that social acceptance is important in body image and self-esteem especially between girl students. Also high acceptance in group could be positive effect on attitudes toward self.

Propaganda images of the ideal body for men and women during the socialization process is internalized by the people and inspires them to try, But the inability of a significant proportion of men and women in achieving the ideal body prescribed, has been led to a sharp increase body dissatisfaction and therefore the risk of to various diseases, physical and mental and social damage has been.From many perspectives researchers Body Image is a multidimensional structures, including cognitive, behavioral and emotional components. This means that not only emotional assessments of individuals of body image their bodies are incorporated but They reflect different dimensions of their value and investment behavior in order to keep these dimensions will also be included. The researchers believe that the body image as a multi-faceted structures refers to the satisfaction of the individual's current physical (size, shape, appearance). Body image is defined as the interaction between the components of perceptual or cognitive assessment body size, and the components of the situation, as a complex cognitive- behavioral-emotional response to this assessment.Like other components discussed in psychology, body image as one of the major scale in their constituent interest to theorists is different and each one based on their scientific approaches, have tried to explain and justify this important psychological component.Therefore, in this article express the urgency and importance of body image to described the review of the descriptive study in view of psychoanalysis, cognitive - behavioral, socio-cultural and also psychological theories in this area have been discussed.