جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « دشواری در تنظیم هیجان » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mentalization therapy on the difficulty in emotion regulation and self-control in adolescents with high aggression. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the research included boys and girls between the ages of 12 and 18 who were referred to the Development Counseling Center in Rasht in the first half of 2023, and 30 people were selected based on the inclusion criteria using a purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental (15) and control groups. (15). The experimental group received mentalization therapy during 20 75-minute training sessions, once a week. The data collection tool was Bass and Perry's Aggression Questionnaire (AQ, 1992), Gertz and Romer's Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS, 2004), and Tanjani et al.'s Self-Control Scale (SCQ, 2004). The results were analyzed using the repeated measurement variance method. The results showed that the effectiveness of mentalization therapy on the variables of difficulty in emotion regulation and self-control is significant (p<0.05). And this effect was permanent in the follow-up phase (p<0.05). Therefore, it is concluded that mentalization therapy can be effective in reducing the difficulty in regulating emotions and increasing self-control in adolescents with high aggression.

  The aim of the present study was to investigate the validity, reliability, and factor structure of the short version of the difficulty in emotion regulation questionnaire (DERS-16) in students.

The statistical population of this study included all high school students in District 1 of Ardabil City in the academic year 2021-2022 (12196 students). 380 people were selected by sampling methods available through the Internet (Shad program). The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the psychological flexibility questionnaire were used to calculate convergent and discriminant validity. The construct validity was examined through confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was performed using Cronbach's alpha method and retesting.

The results of confirmatory factor analysis, as in the original form, confirmed five factors: lack of emotional clarity, difficulties controlling impulsive behaviors, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviors, limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies, and nonacceptance of negative emotions. Also, Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole scale is 0.84, and for the subscales of lack of emotional clarity, difficulties controlling impulsive behaviors, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviors, limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies, and nonacceptance of negative emotions, they were equal to 0.90, 0.84, 0.86, 0.85, and 0.87, respectively. In addition, the four-week retest coefficient for the whole questionnaire was 0.72, and the subscales of lack of emotional clarity, difficulties controlling impulsive behaviors, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviors, limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies, and nonacceptance of negative emotions were equal to 0.68, 0.80, 0.69, 0.82, and 0.77, respectively. Also, correlation coefficients indicated favorable convergent and discriminant validity of the questionnaire (P<0/001).

According to the obtained results, it can be said that the difficulty in emotion regulation questionnaire (DERS-16) is a reliable and valid scale for measuring the difficulty in emotion regulation in students.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the mindfulness-based art therapy on the regulation of emotion and anxiety in nursing women with anxiety symptoms in Ahvaz city. The present study was a qusi- experimental study with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included all nurses with anxiety symptoms in hospitals affiliated to Jundishapur Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences during 2020-2021. By using a convenience sampling method, 24 subjects with anxiety scores between 16 and 25 were selected and divided into two groups of 12 controls and experimentals. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) were used collect data. Both groups were evaluated by research tools three times before, after and 2 months follow-up. The collected data analyzed by using multivariate covarance analyzing and SPSS-23 software. Considering the efficacy of Mindfulness Based on art therapy on Emotion regulation and anxiety, we suggested that this treatment with other treatment operate for Nursing women anxious.

Due to the importance of education in today's societies, school anxiety has been considered as a problem in the field of mental health of students. The purpose of this research was to present a model for predicting school anxiety based on schema modes difficulty in emotion regulation with the mediating role of distress tolerance in female students of the second year of high school in Ilam city. The method of descriptive correlational research was structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this research included all female students of the second year of high school in Ilam city in the academic year 2021-2022, which according to the education statistics, their number was 3521 in the form of 16 schools. According to the table of Karjesi and Morgan, the sample size of 361 people was selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect data, the distress tolerance questionnaire of Simmons and Gaher (2005), the difficulty in regulating emotions questionnaire of Gratz and Romer (2004), the schema modes questionnaire of Lobstal et al. (2010) and the Phillips school anxiety questionnaire (1987) were used. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between schema modes and difficulty in regulating emotions and distress tolerance with school anxiety (p<0.01). Also, the research model has a favorable fit, and schema modes and difficulty in emotion regulation directly and with the mediation of distress tolerance have an impact and predictably on school anxiety in students (RMSEA=0.073, GFI=0.906, CFI=0.921, NFI=0.913). It is concluded that students who have inconsistent schema modes and have difficulty in regulating their emotions, are not able to bear distress in challenging school situations and as a result suffer from anxiety.

In this research, the relationship between attachment styles and difficulty in emotion regulation was investigated in a student sample. The design of this non-experimental research is correlational. The statistical population of the present study was made up of all the students of Azad Universities who were referred to the counseling centers of Tehran Azad Universities with major complaints in the field of interpersonal relationships in the academic year of 2014-2014, of which 400 were selected by voluntary sampling. The subjects were asked. Complete Hazan and Shavr (1987) attachment questionnaires and Gertz and Roemer  (2004) difficulty in emotion regulation questionnaires. The results of the research showed that there is a significant negative relationship between secure attachment styles and difficulty in emotion regulation and its components, and a significant positive relationship between avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles and difficulty in emotion regulation and its components. Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that attachment styles are correlated with difficulty in emotion regulation and its components.

The purpose of the current research was to find the causal modeling of school anxiety based on educational stressors and educational competence with the mediation of difficulty in emotion regulation in students. The current research was a descriptive correlational type in terms of its practical purpose and the method of data collection. The statistical population of the research included all the students of Region 1 of Ardabil city in the academic year of 2021-2022. 240 students participated in the research by cluster sampling method. To collect data, Phillips school anxiety questionnaires (1978), Masoumi and Dashti's educational stressors questionnaire (2016), Diperna and Elliott's educational competence (1999) and Gratz and Romer's (2004) emotion regulation difficulty were used. The collected data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method. The results related to the model fit indices also showed that the difficulty in emotion regulation can mediate the relationship between educational stressors and educational competence with school anxiety (p<0.01). According to the research findings, educational stressors and educational competence are related to school anxiety through difficulty in regulating emotions. Therefore, it can be concluded that due to anxiety and weak ability to face challenges in school, students are at risk and this finding can be used as a research support for psychological problems in teenagers and students.

This study aimed to compare, cognitive distortions and difficulty in emotion regulation in students with and without pornography addiction. A descriptive research design was used and a causal-comparative method was implemented. The statistical population of the study included all male and female students of Guilan University of Rasht in the academic years 2019-2021. For this purpose, 296 students were selected based on cluster sampling according to the inclusion criteria. In this study, the Pornography Craving Questionnaire (PCQ; Krauss-Rosenberg, 2014), Cognitive Distortions Inventory (CDI; Beck, 2004), and Emotion Difficulty Questionnaire (ERQ; Gross, 2003) were used to collect data. Single and multivariate variances analyzed the obtained data. The results showed that there is a difference in the cognitive distortions and difficulty in emotion regulation in students with and without pornography addiction (P<0.05). Therefore, it can be said that there is a difference between cognitive distortions and difficulty in Emotion regulation in groups with and without pornography and this can help to explain Pornography in university students.

The present research aimed to predict social anxiety symptoms based on the brain-behavioral systems with the mediation of rumination and difficulties in emotional regulation. The research method was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population of this research was made up of all the students of Azad University of Qom branch in 2023. The number of sample people was 310 people who were selected by the available sampling method. The instruments used were social anxiety questionnaires (SPIN) by Conover et al (2000), rumination (RRS) by Nolen Hoeksima and Morrow (1991), difficulties in emotional regulation (DERS) by Gertz and Romer (2004) and behavioral inhibition and activation systems (BIS/BAS) was by Carver and White (1994). Data analysis was done by the structural equation method. The findings showed that the tested model is a good fit. The direct effect of behavioral inhibition and activation systems on social anxiety symptoms was significant (p<0.001). Also, in the relationship between behavioral activation with social anxiety symptoms, rumination and difficulties in emotional regulation had a mediating role, respectively, at significance levels of 0.001. Therefore, according to the significant relationship between brain-behavioral systems and social anxiety symptoms, as well as the mediating role of rumination and difficulties in emotional regulation, therapists and counselors can improve the brain-behavioral systems, move in the direction of reducing the rumination and difficulties in the emotional regulation level of the students.

Considering the high psycho-social burden of having a child with attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms and the importance of resilience in their mothers, the aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between resilience and distress tolerance in mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms by considering the mediating role of cognitive flexibility and difficulty in emotion regulation. The research method was correlation with path analysis method. The statistical population included all mothers of children suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms who referred to psychological clinics in Tehran, 426 of which answered the questionnaires by available sampling, and finally 400 packages of questionnaires were analyzed after the screening processes. questionnaires were Connor and Davidson’s resilience (2003), Simons & Gaher’s distress tolerance (2005), Martin and Rubin’s cognitive flexibility (1995) and Gratz’s difficulty in emotion regulation. results showed that distress tolerance directly (β = 0.244, p < 0.01) and indirectly (β = 0.240, p < 0.01) by the mediation of cognitive flexibility and difficulty in emotion regulation affects resilience and the proposed model has sufficient fitness (IFI, NFI, CFI, GFI > 0.9 and SRMR, RMSEA < 0/08). Results of the present study can be considered as a theoretical and practical model for understanding the relationship between resilience and distress tolerance in mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms by considering the mediating variables of cognitive flexibility and difficulty in emotion regulation.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of mindfulness group therapy based on stress reduction on cravings and emotional regulation difficulties in substance-dependent women. The research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population included all drug-dependent women aged 18 to 50 who referred to Ihyagaran Rah Salamat Addiction Center. 32 people were selected by available and voluntary sampling and were randomly divided into two equal groups of 16 people and they responded to the research tools including the craving questionnaire (Franken et al., 2002) and the difficulty in emotion regulation questionnaire (Gratz and Romer, 2004). For the subjects of the experimental group, mindfulness training based on stress reduction was implemented in 10 sessions. Data analysis was done with descriptive statistics and covariance analysis with SPSS-23 statistical software. The results of the covariance analysis showed that participating in the mindfulness training program based on stress reduction in the post-exam stage reduced the craving score and its components and reduced the difficulty in regulating emotion and its components in the experimental group. However, there was no noticeable change in the scores of the above-mentioned variables of the subjects of the control group from the pre-test to the post-test.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of cognitive avoidance and fear of failure by mediating difficulty in regulating emotion in predicting academic procrastination. The method of this research is correlation. The statistical population of this study was secondary school students of Bastak. 234 students (122 males and 112 females) were selected using random multistage cluster sampling method. data were collected using Sexton & Dugas’ Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire (2008), Conroy, Willow & Metzler’s fear of failure Scale (2002), Gratz & Roemer’s Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (2004) and Solomon & Rothblum’s Academic Procrastination Scale (1984). The data were analyzed using methods of multiple regression analysis and path analysis by SPSS 20 and Amos 20 software. Data analysis showed that difficulties in emotion regulation subscale including non acceptance of Emotional response, difficulties engaging in goal directed behavior and limited access of emotion regulation strategies mediated to some extent between cognitive avoidance and fear of failure with academic procrastination. Therefore, teachers, trainers and consultants to reduce academic procrastination should challenge with negative and maladaptive cognitive and emotional beliefs(Cognitive Avoidance & fear of failure) and, on the other, to replace more appropriate strategies for management and regulation of emotions.

The present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties in the relationship between family communication patterns and Internet addiction. The research method was applied in terms of objective, quantitative in terms of data type and descriptive-correlation in terms of the nature of the research and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this research included all male students of the first secondary level of Ray city, 200 students were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The research tools included the revised questionnaire of Fitzpatrick and Ritchie's family communication patterns (1997), the emotional regulation difficulties questionnaire of Gertz and Roemer (2004) and the Internet addiction questionnaire of Young (1998). In order to measure the validity of the questionnaires, content and construct validity (convergent and divergent) and Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability coefficient were used to calculate the reliability, and the results indicated the validity and reliability of the questionnaires. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics methods (structural equation modeling) were used with Spss-V23 and Lisrel-V8.8 software. The findings showed that family communication patterns had a direct effect (0.74) on emotional regulation difficulties. On the other hand, emotion regulation difficulties had a direct effect (0.61) and family communication patterns had an indirect effect (1.10) through the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties. Finally, it can be said that the research model had a good fit.

This study aimed to predict health anxiety based on attachment styles, distress tolerance, and difficulties in emotional regulation in nurses. This research was basic research and regarding procedure, it was a correlation study. The statistical population of the present study was all the nurses of Milad Hospital in Tehran in 2022, from whom 131 people were selected as a sample. Research tools included: Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI, Salkovskis & Warwick, 2002), Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI, Simpson, 1990), Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS, Simons & Gaher, 2005), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS, Gratz & Roemer, 2004). Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation test and multiple regression. The research results showed that there is a significant correlation (p<0.01) between health anxiety with insecure attachment style (r=0.42), distress tolerance (r=0.41), and difficulties in emotional regulation (r=0.42). Also, insecure attachment style (B=0.257 & p=0.003), distress tolerance (B=0.232 & p=0.008), and difficulties in emotional regulation (B=0.263 & p=0.002) were able to predict 30% of health anxiety changes. It can be concluded that attachment styles, distress tolerance, and difficulties in emotional regulation play a key role in nurses' health anxiety, and it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in interaction with each other in programs to reduce nurses' health anxiety.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of difficulty in emotion regulation in the relationship between anxious attachment style and postpartum depression.

The method of the current research was descriptive-correlation and structural equation model type. The participants included 206 women who had given birth two weeks to three months ago and were selected by available sampling method. To collect data from the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scales (EPDS), Collins and Reed Adult Attachment Style (RAAS) and Gertz and Romer's Difficulty in Regulating Emotions (DERS) and to analyze the data using SPSS 26 software and AMOS 24 was used.

 The results showed well goodness of fit to the proposed model, In this model relationship between postpartum depression with anxious attachment style (p<0.01) and difficulty in emotional regulation (p<0.01) was positive and significant. Also, there was a positive and significant relationship between difficulty in emotion regulation and anxious attachment style (p < 0.01). The results of the structural equation model showed that difficulty in emotional regulation plays a mediating role in the relationship between anxious attachment style and postpartum depression.

Two important factors related to postpartum depression in women are anxious attachment style and difficulty in emotional regulation. Focusing on preventive programs based on emotion regulation skills and paying attention to the attachment style and emotional regulation problems of mothers can help in the prevention and treatment of postpartum depression.

Today, due to the very important role that emotions have in human life, their expression and disclosure can bring many benefits to people. So, this article aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the self-disclosure scale and its relationship with the difficulty in regulating the emotions of female students of Azad University of Tehran.

This descriptive-correlation study was conducted. The statistical population includes all female students of Azad Universities in Tehran who were studying in the academic year of 1402-1401, and the sample size was considered equal to 500 people. Random and multi-stage cluster were selected. The research tools included Gerrard's self-disclosure questionnaire (1974) and Goetz and Rothmer's (2004) difficulty in emotion regulation questionnaire were used. In order to check the validity of the mentioned questionnaires, construct and content validity were used. Content validity was confirmed by professors and also a number of experts, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to check construct validity, and Cronbach's alpha index was used to measure construct validity, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was more than 0.7, which indicates reliability. It was questionnaires. The data was analyzed descriptively and inferentially through SPSS software.

The results show that the significance level of the self-disclosure variable (0.000) is less than 0.05. Therefore, there is a significant correlation between the self-disclosure variable and the difficulty in regulating students' emotions

The results of data analysis showed; According to female students of Azad universities in Tehran, there is a positive and direct relationship between self-disclosure and difficulty in regulating students' emotions.

One of the components that affects the behavior of young people and students in life and in the social environment and causes an increase in social adaptation is social acceptance. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is the relationship between emotion regulation difficulty, cultural intelligence and negative self-evaluation thinking with social acceptability of secondary school students in Silvana region. The method of the present research is correlation. The statistical population of this research included all high school students of the second year of high school in Silvana region in the academic year of 2021-2022. According to the statistics of the education department of Silvana region, 988 students were studying in secondary school. The research sample included 300 people. The sampling method for the current research was considered as multi-stage cluster random sampling. The research tools included the Difficulty in Regulating Emotions scale by Bashart et al. (2006), Central Self-Evaluation Scale (Judge et al., 2003), Ford and Robin's Acceptability Questionnaire, Ang et al.'s Cultural Intelligence Scale (2004). The obtained findings showed that all three variables of difficulty in emotion regulation, thinking of negative self-evaluations and cultural intelligence had a significant relationship with the social acceptability of students. The components of difficulty in emotion regulation, thinking, negative self-evaluations, and cultural intelligence had the ability to predict the social acceptability of students. Therefore, by strengthening cultural intelligence, strengthening positive self-evaluation and effective strategies in emotion regulation, it is possible to improve the acceptability and social skills of students.

The aim of this study was to investigate the causal pattern of the relationship between attachment styles and pain intensity mediated by early maladaptive schemas and difficulty in regulating emotion in patients with chronic pain. Pain is classified not only as a perception but also as a mood and therefore separate from the five senses. Pain is a difficult subject conceptually, and its description and classification have always been difficult so it can be said that the only clear aspect of pain is that it shows the patient's state of mental suffering. The results of some studies have also shown the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and the difficulty of emotion regulation with pain intensity. In addition, disturbance in emotion regulation, which can be caused by the experiences of the first years of childhood, is also effective in predicting psychosomatic and psychological disorders and pain intensity. In general, according to what was mentioned, it seems that without considering psychological factors, it is not possible to improve or reduce the severity of pain, maintain quality of life, and adapt to chronic pain. Mediated by early maladaptive schemas and difficulty in emotion regulation.

The research method is descriptive correlation and structural equation modeling. The population of this study was patients with chronic pain referred to the pain clinic of Erfan Hospital in Tehran in the second half of 2020 where 300 people with chronic pain were selected by convenience sampling. To collect data from the Westhawn-Yale Multidimensional Pain Questionnaire (WHI-MPI; Kerns et al., 1985), Adult Attachment Styles Inventory (AAI, Besharat, 2005), Young's Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ-SF; Young, 1999). And the Emotion Regulation Difficulty Scale (DERS; Gertz and Roemer, 2004). Data usage and analysis have been performed using structural equation methods.

The sample of the present study included 300 patients with chronic pain. The average age of study participants (300 people) was reported to be approximately 40 years. The youngest was 20 years old and the oldest was 66 years old. Also, out of 300 people in the sample group, 83.7% (251 people) in the sample group are women and 16.3% (49 people) are men. The results showed that secure attachment style and anxiety through the mediating variables of hoarseness and inhibition, other orientation, and difficulty in emotion regulation, have a significant indirect effect on pain intensity in people with chronic pain.

This means that early maladaptive schemas in the field of listening and restraint, other orientations and difficulty in regulating emotion play a mediating role in the relationship between attachment styles and pain intensity. Therefore, by considering the schemas of the field of distraction and inhibition, other orientations and difficulty in regulating emotion can play an effective role in the severity of pain in people with chronic pain. Based on the results, it was found that attachment styles have an indirect effect on pain intensity in patients with chronic pain, with difficult mediation in emotional regulation. Therefore, the results of the study showed that safe attachment style and anxiety through a difficult mediating variable in emotion regulation, has a significant indirect effect on pain intensity.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on difficulties in emotional regulation and cognitive flexibility in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The research method was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group. In this study, 30 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder syndrome were assigned to psychology clinics in Rasht in 2021 as a research sample in two experimental and control groups. Groups were assessed with questionnaires Padua obsessive-compulsive disorder by Sanavio (1988), Gratz & Roemer (2004) difficulties in emotional regulation, and Dennis & Vander Wal (2010) cognitive flexibility. After 10 sessions of 90 minutes of cognitive-behavioral therapy for the experimental group, participants again answered the research questionnaire. Findings showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy significantly reduces the difficulties in emotion regulation (rejection of emotional responses, difficulty in performing purposeful behavior, difficulty in controlling impulse, lack of emotional awareness, limited strategies, lack of Emotional state) and increased cognitive flexibility (P<0.001). Due to the problems that patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder have in emotional and cognitive dimensions, it is necessary to pay more attention to these cases in the treatment process.

The purpose of the current research was to evaluate a model of adjustment to the disease based on uncertainty and cognitive flexibility with the mediating role of difficulty in emotion regulation. The method of descriptive correlational research was structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of all women with breast cancer who were referred to Karaj medical centers between October 1400 and April 1401, and 222 people were selected from among them. The tools of this research include Michel's disease uncertainty (1983), cognitive flexibility (2010), emotion regulation difficulty (2004), and adaptation to cancer by Watson et al. (1989). Data analysis was done using structural equation modeling. The findings showed that uncertainty had a positive and significant effect on the difficulty in emotion regulation, cognitive flexibility had a negative and significant effect on the difficulty in emotion regulation, uncertainty on adaptation to cancer, difficulty in emotion regulation had a negative and significant effect on adaptation to cancer (p<0.01). the effect of uncertainty on adaptation to cancer due to difficulty in emotional regulation had a negative and significant effect, and the effect of cognitive flexibility on adaptation to cancer due to difficulty in emotional regulation was positive and significant (p<0.01). From the findings, it can be concluded that uncertainty and cognitive flexibility play a key role in predicting adaptation to the disease, and it seems necessary for counseling clinics to pay more attention to these variables in women with breast cancer.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of empirical avoidance and difficulty in emotion regulation in predicting self-harm behaviors in borderline adolescents. This research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study was 60people from adolescents referring to the Aramesh Counseling center affiliated with the police force located in Azadi Boulevard Mashhad , in the second half of 1399, that according to Morgan’s table 52 people were selected by convenience sampling. Research tools included standard self-harm questionnaires, acceptance and action questionnaires, and emotion difficulty questionnaires. Pearson correlation and stepwise regression were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that experimental avoidance and difficulty in emotion regulation had a significant positive relationship with self-harm behaviors (P <0.05). The results also showed that experimental avoidance of 0.45, lack of emotional awareness 0.22 and rejection of emotional responses predict 0.41 of self-harming behaviors. Given the role of empirical avoidance and difficulty in emotion regulation in predicting self-harming behaviors, it seems necessary to conduct training workshops based on emotion regulation and empirical avoidance strategies.