جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « externalizing problems » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

Adolescence is an important period for brain development, and self-harm during this period is associated with long-term consequences, including persistent psychopathology and behavioral disorders in the future.  The present study was conducted with the aim of the relationship between the harmful use of mobile phones and emotional-behavioral problems in self-harming teenagers: with the mediation of self-contro. The method of the present research was applied in terms of its purpose and structural equation model in terms of correlation method. All secondary school students of the second period of Ardabil city with a history of self-harm in the academic year of 2023-2024 formed the statistical population of the present study. 280 of these people were selected and participated in the present study through purposive sampling. Achenbach's (2001) list of children's behavioral problems, Tanji, Baumeister and Boone's (2004) self-control questionnaire and Kuhei's (2009) mobile phone addiction questionnaire were used to collect data. The obtained data were analyzed using Pearson correlation tests and multiple regression analysis and path analysis using SPSS23 and Lisrel 8/lisrel 8 software. The obtained results showed that the structural model of using harmful smartphones and externalizing problems with the mediating role of self-control has a good fit. These results showed that externalizing problems had a direct and indirect effect with the mediation of self-control on externalizing problems. (P<0.001). The results of this study showed that externalizing problems in a sample of self-harming teenagers can play a role both directly and through the mediation of self-control in the use of harmful smartphones by teenagers.

he purpose of this study was to determine the mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship of maternal reflective function-ing and internalizing and externalizing problems of children. Participants included 289 mothers and children aged 6 to 12 years who were selected through convenience sampling method from different areas of Karaj. Mothers completed the Parental Reflective Func-tioning Questionnaire (Luyten et al., 2017), Emotion Regulation Checklist (Shields & Cicchetti, 1995), and Child Behavior Check-list (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001). Data were analyzed using correlation and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results showed that there were significant correlations between all subscales of reflective functioning and emotion regulation and externaliz-ing problems (P<0.01), and also between the pre-mentalizing mode (PM) and internalizing problems (P<0.01). Furthermore, the results of structural equation modeling indicated that emotion regulation plays a mediating role in the relationship between maternal reflective functioning and children’s internalizing and externalizing problems. In total, these findings suggested that mothers’ low reflective functioning is associated with emotional and behavioral problems in children.

Abstract

In recent years, prevalence of the internalizing and externalizing problems in young adult population, has become a growing concern. There are many studies in which the relationship between internalizing and externalizing problems with behavioral activation and inhibition systems and hot and cool executive functions have been investigated separately, but no research is available about the mediating role of executive functions in relationship between internalizing/externalizing problems and behavioral activation/inhibition systems in young adult population. The aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between internalizing/externalizing problems and behavioral activation/inhibition systems with regard to the mediating role of hot and cool executive functions.

The method of the present study is structural equation modeling (SEM). Statistical population of this research was all of the students in universities of Tehran city, from which 160 subjects (18 to 25 years) were chosen using convenience sampling method. Assessment was conducted by 5 cognitive tests including Corsi blocks test, Flanker test, WCST, Iowa gambling task and Emotional stroop, and 3 questionnaires including Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSSRQ), Behavior Assessment System for Children College self-report form (BASC-3 COL), and Kirby delay discounting questionnaire.

The results indicated a direct and statistically significant path from behavioral activation/inhibition systems to hot and cool executive functions (b = 0/71, p value < 0/05) internalizing problems (b = 0/033, p value < 0/05) and externalizing problems (b = -0/21, p value < 0/05). In addition, results showed an indirect and statistically significant path from behavioral activation/inhibition systems to internalizing problems (b = 0/84, p value < 0/05) and externalizing problems (b = 0/46, p value < 0/05).

Statistically significant relationship between behavioral activation/inhibition systems with internalizing and externalizing problems, suggests that dysregulation of these two systems can lead to an array of psychiatric symptoms. Moreover, the significance of the mediating role of hot and cool executive functions in relationship between behavioral activation/inhibition systems and internalizing/externalizing problems, indicates that executive functions might have a regulatory influence on the behavioral activation/inhibition systems and through this regulatory influence, executive functions may buffer the adverse effects of behavioral activation/inhibition dysregulation on psychological problems.

According to the possibility of enhancing executive functioning abilities through cognitive interventions, and diagnostic applications of the different behavioral activation/inhibition and executive functioning activity profiles, results of this study have both diagnostic and clinical importance.

This study sought to compare the effectiveness of emotionally focused and schema therapies in reducing externalizing problems of children (students) in female-headed households. This quasi-experimental research had a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population of the study consisted of single mothers who predominantly head one-parent families and have at least one schoolchild. After screening, 45 women were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to three groups: 15 subjects in experimental group 1, 15 subjects in experimental group 2, and 15 subjects in control group. The data were collected by using Achenbach Child behavior checklist in three stages of pre-test, posttest and follow-up and were analyzed via SPSS software and repeated measures tests. The results revealed that the mean score of the emotionally focused therapy group decreased from 46.13 to 35.15 and the mean score of schema therapy group reduced from 46.00 to 35.26. Moreover, the results of repeated measurements showed that both emotionally focused and schema therapies were effective in reducing externalizing problems of adolescents (p<0.001). And finally the results of a pairwise comparison demonstrated that there was no significant difference between the two therapies as to their effectiveness.

Previous studies have shown that family risk factors such as poor parenting, unstable, strict, inflexible and harsh discipline, and parental stress increase the risk of developing any of behavioral and emotional problems in children. Mindful parenting is based on the principles of mindfulness that have been developed in response to the shortcomings and criticism of behavioral parenting programs. Mindful parenting allows parents to understand their children without prejudice and to help parents be more responsive and less reactive in parenting. Therefore, the present research aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindful parenting on reducing the externalizing problems of male primary school students and their mothers' parenting behaviors in Iranian society.

This was quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest, follow-up and a control group design. The mindful parenting education program is considered as an independent variable and the externalizing problems of children and their mothers' parenting behaviors are considered as dependent variables. The research population included all mothers of male primary school students with externalizing problems in Karaj. The research sample consisted of 18 mothers of children with externalizing problems who met the inclusion criteria in research. Sampling was performed in two stages of available and purpose-based methods. The data were analyzed using repeated measures (mixed design) in SPSS software Version 20.

Data analysis showed that there was a significant decrease in the overall score of externalizing symptoms in the experimental group compared with the control group after the end of mindful parenting education sessions. The effect of the intervention was significantly kept after 2 months. Another finding of the research showed that there was a significant improvement in parenting behaviors and a reduction in negative behaviors in interaction with their children in the experimental group compared with the control group after the end of mindful parenting education sessions. The effect of the intervention was significantly kept after 2 months.

The results of the research support the effectiveness of mindful parenting education in reducing externalizing problems and improving parenting behaviors of mothers of male children with externalizing problems. Therefore, it is possible to use this method in Iranian samples

Many studies have looked at the adverse effects of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder and especially its comorbidity with other disorders. However, the findings of these disorders are contradictory and on the other hand, there is a research gap in the field of compound subgroups and also there is no study in this field considering the Iranian culture.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate comparison of the internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in inattentive and combined subtypes of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder.

The present study was of causal-comparative type. The statistical population of the present study included children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder who referred to Atieh Clinic in Tehran in 2016, of which 118 children included 28 girls and 30 boys in the inattentive subgroup and 30 girls and 30 boys in combined subgroup, were selected in available way. Under the compound group were selected in an accessible manner. Subjects were examined with Continuous Performance Test (1956), and Child Behavior Checklist (1991). Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance.

The results showed that the internalizing behavior problems and externalizing behavior problems are mostly overlooked in the subgroup of inattentive and the combined, respectively. Also, the internalizing behavior problems in girls were higher than that of boys.

Based on the findings of this study, it seems that in each subgroup of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder and in girls and boys, the behavioral problems of internalization and externalization are different and therefore need to be addressed. They have special interventions.

This study was aimed to combine family therapy and play therapy in order to treatment children’s externalizing problems based on qualitative research and content analysis. Needed information for constructing content, techniques and structure was obtained from two sources. First, by reviewing main perspectives of family therapy and play therapy, basic concepts and component of every perspectives were extracted and similarities between them were gained. Secondly, 10 professionals of family and child, 14 children with externalizing problems and their parents were interviewed about familial factors and intervention considerations. Using information gathered, family play therapy model was constructed in 8 sessions so that whole family participate in first part of each session and parent would be present in second part without children. Content of first part was consist of increasing all member self-differentiation and autonomy and intimacy, correcting improving members interaction, anger management and discipline and content of second part was giving information about child’s characteristics and needs, skills for better relation with child (verbal, non-verbal, quality time) and creating parent coordination. Main techniques of family play therapy were reflection of emotions and behaviors, game, activity and drama, questioning, relabeling, tracing. Games and activities for each session are introduced and finally the basis of eclecticism were discussed in following.

Many children have behavioral and affective problems in early childhood that may continue during puberty and even adulthood. So, many researchers have focused on the prevention and therapy of such problems. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of playing on externalizing problems in preschool children with behavioral problems.

Five kindergartens were selected at convenience from 16th district of Tehran. All mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) voluntarily. Thirty children, who had high scores (34 and higher) in CBCL, were considered as having externalized problems and were divided to intervention and control groups equally and randomly. Children in intervention group were divided to 5 subgroups (3 children in each) and participated in 16 sessions (2 sessions weekly) receiving playing intervention, and the control group received mainstream program in kindergarten. All mothers completed CBCL again after intervention. Analysis of covariance was used for data analysis.

The findings showed that the effect of playing on decreasing the externalizing problems, aggression and ignoring rules was significant in preschool children with behavioral problems.

Playing is probably an effective method for decreasing externalizing problems in preschool children. It can be used to prevent from causing or continuing antisocial behaviors in adulthood.