جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « social anxiety disorder » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

Previous research has shown that emotion-focused therapy is effective in reducing the symptoms of social anxiety disorder and improving the social efficiency of people suffering from it. On the other hand, the review of studies shows that many treatment approaches will be more effective if they are used in the form of group psychotherapy. But so far, the protocol of this type of treatment has not been developed in such a way that its intervention techniques are suitable and compatible for implementation in the group.

The present study was conducted with the aim of developing a group therapy protocol focused on emotion and trial on the symptoms of social anxiety disorder.

The design of the current research was a type of exploratory combined research that has a qualitative and quantitative nature. The first stage of the research was conducted with a qualitative approach and thematic analysis method. In order to identify themes and draw a network of themes, first 121 related sources were identified and among them, 11 Persian sources published between 1392 and 1401 and 23 English sources published between 2000-2022 were selected. In the quantitative part, the research method was a quasi-experimental design of pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a one-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research included all the clients who referred to the Sense of Presence clinic in Tehran in the second half of 2022. 20 people with social anxiety disorder were selected from among the clients using the available method and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The members of the experimental group were exposed to 16 sessions of emotion-focused group therapy protocol (designed by the researchers). The instrument used in the quantitative part was the social anxiety scale (Connor et al., 2000). For data analysis, thematic analysis method was used in the qualitative part and Variance analysis with repeated measurements was used in the quantitative part.

The findings of the present study in the qualitative part led to the identification of two overarching themes, including emotion-focused therapy and social anxiety, and finally, a 16-session protocol of emotion-focused therapy group. The results in the quantitative part also showed that the effectiveness of the group therapy focused on emotion was significant in reducing all the symptoms of social anxiety disorder, fear, avoidance, Physiological symptoms and the total score of social anxiety (P<0.05).

According to the obtained results, it seems that therapists can use the (researcher-made) emotion-focused group therapy package to treat people with social anxiety disorder.

Social anxiety disorder often has a poorer recovery rate than other anxiety disorders. A review of previous studies shows that two variables, social anxiety disorder and the focused – attention (which is one of the predictors of social anxiety disorder), respond less well to conventional psychological treatments. Among the newest integrated alternative approaches are paradoxical time table therapy and virtual reality technology therapy, there is a research gap regarding the comparison of their effectiveness in improving the focused – attention and reducing the symptoms of social anxiety disorder.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of paradoxical time table therapy and virtual reality technology therapy on the focused – attention and symptoms of social anxiety disorder.

The current research design was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a one-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research included all people who referred to counseling centers and psychotherapy clinics in Tehran in the fall and winter of 2022. The statistical sample included 45 people with social anxiety disorder who were selected as available samples and were divided into three groups of 15 people (two experimental groups and one control group). To collect data, the Focous of Attention Questionnaire (Woody et al., 1997) and the social anxiety scale (Connor et al., 2000) were used. Also, the treatment of the paradoxical time table therapy (Besharat, 2017) was implemented in six sessions on the first experimental group and and the virtual reality technology therapy was implemented in 8 sessions on the second experimental group. Data analysis was done using multivariate analysis, variance analysis with repeated measures, Bonferroni post hoc test and SPSS-25 software.

The results showed that both treatments of paradoxical time table therapy and virtual reality technology therapy had a significant effect on the focus of attention and symptoms of social anxiety disorder (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the virtual reality technology therapy and the paradoxical time table therapy in the focused – attention, However, there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of the virtual reality technology therapy and the paradoxical time table therapy on the symptoms of social anxiety disorder. In this way, the paradoxical time table therapy is more effective in reducing the symptoms of social anxiety disorder compared to the treatment based on virtual reality technology therapy (P<0.001).

According to the findings of the present research, it seems that the paradoxical time table therapy and virtual reality technology therapy can be used as a therapeutic approach that according to the needsof patients with social anxiety disorder.

Social anxiety disorder is one of the most common anxiety disorders. Fear of negative evaluation by others is one of the most important features of social anxiety disorder. In various studies, the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatments and virtual reality exposure therapy on the symptoms of anxiety disorders such as social anxiety disorder has been investigated and confirmed, But so far, no study has been conducted on the comparison of the effectiveness of these two types of treatment methods on the fear of negative evaluation of students with social anxiety disorder.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and virtual reality exposure therapy on the fear of negative evaluation of students with social anxiety disorder.

The current research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a one-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research included all second-year high school students studying in the schools of Qaem Shahr city in the academic year of 2022-2023. 51 students were included in the study with available sampling method and were randomly placed in two experimental groups and one control group (17 people in each group). The first and second experimental groups were subjected to cognitive-behavioral intervention and virtual reality exposure therapy during 12 and 8 60-minute sessions, respectively. The data collection tools in this research included the Social Phobia Inventory (Connor et al., 2000) and the short form of the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (Leary, 1983). Data analysis was done by variance analysis method with repeated measurement and using SPSS-24 software.

The findings of this research showed that both cognitive-behavioral therapy interventions and virtual reality exposure therapy significantly reduced the fear of negative evaluation compared to the control group (P<0.01). And the effect of both intervention methods was maintained until the one-month follow-up phase. Also, the findings indicated that cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective compared to virtual reality exposure therapy (P<0.01).

According to the obtained results, it is suggested that child and adolescent counselors and therapists as well as school counselors of the two interventional methods, cognitive-behavioral therapy and virtual reality exposure therapy, with the priority of cognitive-behavioral therapy in particular use to reduce the fear of negative evaluation and in general to reduce the symptoms of social anxiety of students.

The purpose of the present study was evaluation of the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on attention bias to threat and safety behaviors in students with social anxiety disorder (SAD) symptoms. The research design was quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest, follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of the research included all students aged 16-19 with SAD symptoms in Songhor city in 2022. By purposeful sampling method, 28 students were selected and assigned equally to experimental and control groups. Pictorial Dot Probe Task and Social Phobia Safety Behaviors Scale were used in three stages. The experimental group received eight 90-minute treatment sessions based on acceptance and commitment therapy protocol for social anxiety disorder in Adolescence (Alves et al.). Data were analyzed by mixed analysis of variance with repeated measure. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the average scores of the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test stage. Also, therapeutic gains had maintained in the follow-up stage. Therefore, to reduce attention bias and safety behaviors in students with this disorder, acceptance and commitment therapy can be used by psychotherapists.

The present compared the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and virtual reality exposure therapy on cognitive emotion regulation in students with social anxiety disorder. The study method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a one-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all the second-year high school students of Ghaemshahr schools in the academic year 2022-2023. A total of 51 eligible students were included in the study using a convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into 2 intervention groups and 1 control group (17 people in each group). The first and second experimental groups, respectively, were cognitive-behavioral therapy and virtual reality exposure therapy during 12 and 8 sessions. The research tools were cognitive emotion regulation questionnaires (GERQ, Garnefski, & Kraaij, 2006). The data were analyzed by the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni’s post hoc test. The results revealed that both interventions of cognitive-behavioral therapy and virtual reality exposure therapy, compared to the control group, significantly increased adapted emotion regulation and decreased maladapted emotion regulation (P<0.01). Also, the effect of both intervention methods was maintained until the one-month follow-up stage. Also, cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective compared to virtual reality exposure therapy (P> 0.01). The results of the study revealed the priority of using cognitive-behavioral therapy compared to virtual reality exposure therapy to improve cognitive emotion regulation by child and adolescent therapists.

Anxiety sensitivity and focused – attention are important components in creating and maintaining social anxiety disorder, and a defect in each of them can play a role as a potential risk factor in this disorder. Some studies have shown that paradoxical time table therapy can lead to a reduction in worry and social anxiety symptoms. In Iran, there is a research gap regarding the efficacy of this treatment method on anxiety sensitivity and focus of attention in people with social anxiety disorder.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the efficacy of paradoxical time table therapy on anxiety sensitivity and focused–attention in people with social anxiety disorder.

The current research design was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a one-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research included all people who referred to counseling centers and psychotherapy clinics in Tehran in the fall and winter of 2022. The statistical sample included 30 people with social anxiety disorder who were selected as available samples and were divided into two groups of 15 people (experimental group and control group). Focous of Attention Questionnaire (Woody et al., 1997) and revised anxiety sensitivity index (Taylor & Cox 1998) were used to collect data. Also, the treatment of the paradoxical time table therapy (Besharat, 2017) was implemented in six sessionsof 45 minutes on the experimental group. In addition to descriptive statistics, data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis, variance analysis with repeated measures, Bonferroni post hoc and SPSS25 software.

The results of the research showed that the treatment of paradox time program on all components of anxiety sensitivity (fear of respiratory symptoms, Fear of anxiety reactions, fear of cardiovascular symptoms, cognitive dyscontrol and the total score) and focused – attention (self-focused attentio and attention to the outside) had a significant effect (P<0.001).

According to the findings of the current research, it seems that the paradoxical time table therapy can be used by psychologists and psychiatrists as an efficient treatment to reduce the symptoms of social anxiety disorder, especially anxiety sensitivity and focused–attention.

The purpose of this research was to Developing a structural equation model of social anxiety disorder based on the components of childhood trauma and insecure attachment style with the mediation of metacognitive beliefs. The research design was correlational and structural equations. The statistical population of the research included all students of the Islamic Azad University of Olom-tahghighat in the academic year of 2021-2022 in Tehran province. To collect data, Mohammad Khani's Traumatic Experiences Questionnaire (2003), Hazen and Shaver's Attachment Style Questionnaire (1987), Wells' Metacognitive Beliefs (2003) and Connor's Social Anxiety Questionnaire (2000) were used. Then, the obtained data were entered into the structural equation hypothesis model. In order to analyze the obtained data, SPSS19 and AMOS24 software were used. The results of the model analysis showed that the hypothetical research model has a good fit with the data. Predictive variables of childhood traumas and insecure attachment style directly and indirectly with the mediation of metacognitive beliefs had a positive and significant effect on social anxiety disorder. Also, metacognition had a direct effect on social anxiety disorder. The results of the research indicate that childhood injuries and insecure attachment style can be strong predictors of social anxiety disorder, and in the meantime, metacognition as a mediating variable is a part of the influencing process in the form of Taking symptoms of social anxiety disorder. It is recommended to hold educational workshops in the field of childhood injuries, insecure attachment styles and metacognitive beliefs, and also therapeutic interventions should address these factors

The purpose of the current research was to design and validate the interactive software of trans-diagnostic therapy for the treatment of SAD. Materials and methods This was a hybrid design and included the design, production and evaluation of content validity and effectiveness of integrated meta-diagnostic software in the treatment of SocialAnxiety. In the first stage, the software was designed and the treatment sessions were defined and its content validity was checked. Then step, the effectiveness of the software was evaluated. This section was conducted using the single-subject method with the ABAB design along with the baseline and three-month intervention and follow-up stages. The statistical population consisted of 13-15-year-old students of a school in Rabat Karim that four people of them were selected availably who had received the diagnosis of social anxiety symptoms by specialists. SocialPhobia questionnaire was used to collect information. The results were analyzed using visual analysis and Cohen's effect size. The results of the CVI index showed a value of 0.91 and a Kappa coefficient of 0.62, which showed that the validity of the software is acceptable. In the last phase, Cohen's effect size index in the recovery percentage of four participants was 1.19, 1.04, 0.62 and 1.93 respectively, which showed the effectiveness of this treatment method. Android interactive software has a significant effect in reducing social anxiety symptoms including fear, avoidance and physiological symptoms. Although this study was conducted on students, it can be an accessible, quick and effective method in controlling the symptoms of social-anxiety.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of adolescence issues, dissatisfaction with body image and attachment to parents and peers in predicting social anxiety among teenage girls.

The present study was a correlational study. 106 female high school students in Urmia who were studying in the second half of 2016-2017 were selected by convenience sampling method and Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), The Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI), The Adolescent Concerns Evaluation (ACE) and they completed the Jorabak Social Anxiety Scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression.

Findings showed that adolescence issues (r = 0.65-74), attachment to parents and peers (r = -0.35-0.52) and body image dissatisfaction (0.45- 75.75) R = 0) had a positive and significant correlation with social anxiety Teenage girls (p <0.01) Regression findings also showed that school issues have the highest (Beta = 0.621) prediction..

Social anxiety in Teenage girls is directly and significantly affected by adolescence issues, attachment to parents and peers and dissatisfaction with body image.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of unified trans-diagnostic treatment on cognitive errors, rumination, and cognitive avoidance in social anxiety disorder patients.

The research was a single-case experimental design with multiple baselines (ABAB) as well as a one-month follow-up. The research population have been patients suffering from social anxiety referred to Arvin Clinic in 2022 and three participants were selected on a voluntary basis. Instruments included the Ruminative Response Scale, Cognitive Avoidance, Cognitive Distortion, and Social Panic Questionnaires. Therapy was performed according to the integrated unified trans-diagnostic protocol for one hour, two months, and twice a week. Percentage recovery, Cohen's effect size, and visual analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results showed that integrated unified trans-diagnostic protocol significantly reduced cognitive errors, rumination, and cognitive avoidance in participants. The overall improvement percentage of social anxiety in the participants was 57%, 59%, and 48% and these rates remained stable in the one-month follow-up.

These findings suggested that integrated trans-diagnostic therapy is an essential therapy to remedy cognitive errors, ruminations, and cognitive avoidance and is highly recommended for treatment of the social anxiety-disordered patients.

The present research aimed to investigate the effect of the psychodrama on the social anxiety disorder and interpersonal sensitivity of the secondary school teenage girls. This study was a quasi-experimental design as pretest-posttest with the control group. The statistical population consisted of all 11th grade students of Karaj Secondary School in the academic year of 2018-2019 which were determined based on the screening score in the pre-tests. 30 students were randomly selected to answer two research questionnaires, including the Puklek Adolescent Social Anxiety Scale (Puklek, 1997) and the Boyce & Parker International Personal Sensitivity Questionnaire (Boyce & Parker, 1989). The experimental group received the psychodrama treatment during 8 sessions 90min. After the end of training, the students of both groups were reassessed by the mentioned tests. Result of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that, the test group in comparison with the control group had a significant reduction in social anxiety disorder and interpersonal sensitivity scores (P≤0/01). Therefore, psychotherapy by using the art of drama in treatment and applying and making changes, both externally and objectifying internal imaginations and tendencies, creating new realities, causes an outpouring and psychological refinement of the individual and increases mental health and also decrease the symptoms of anxiety and sensitivity in a person's relationship.

Social Anxiety Disorder is considered as the most common disorder among the anxiety disorders that causes various psychological problems. Therefore, it is important to investigate the effective therapeutic interventions in order to reduce these problems.

The present study evaluated the efficacy of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) on self-esteem, emotion regulation, and defense mechanisms in people suffering from social anxiety disorder.

A quasi-experimental desins of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up was used in this study. The statistical population included all men with social anxiety disorder in Shiraz who had refered to the centers of counseling, and psychological services in 1399. For this purpose20 of them were purposefully selected, and randomly assigned to the experimental, and control groups. Participants completed the self-esteem questionnaire of Cooper-Smith (1967), defense styles of Andrews et al. (1993), and emotion regulation questionnaire of Gratz (2004) before treatment. Then the experimental group received treatment sessions in 2 sessions of 60 minutes per week in 15 sessions. At the end of treatment sessions, and 2 months later, all the participants in 2 groups of experiment, and control completed the study questionairs again.

The results showed that ISTDP can increase self-esteem of people with social anxiety disorder (p<0.01). This therapy can affect defense mechanisms of people suffering from social anxiety disorder in the way that mature defense mechanisms increase, and immature defense mechanisms decrease in these people(p<0.01). The findings also showed that ISTDP decreases emotion dysregulation in people with social anxiety disorder (p<0.01).

It can be said that psychotherapists can use ISTDP to improve common emotional problems, self-esteem, and ineffctive defenses in people with social anxiety disorder

The aim of this study was to explain the effectiveness of sociodrama intervention to improving social skills in children with social anxiety disorder.

research method in this study was a single-subject of AB experimental designs. The study population consisted of all children with social anxiety disorder aged 6 to 7 years that attended psychological centers in Tehran in the academic year 1399-1400. Among them, 5 children with social anxiety disorder (two boys and three girls) were selected based on entry and exit criteria and by purposive sampling. Sociodrama intervention was performed for each child in 10 sessions. The research instrument was Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngester (25) and Therapist Social Behavior Checklist. Data were analyzed using visual analysis at both within subject and intersubject levels.

The results showed that sociodrama intervention increases social skills in children with social anxiety disorder in Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngester and the recovery rate in each of the single behaviors of problem solving, self-control, responsibility, communicate, finding friend, participation and cooperation and assertiveness respectively was 47.82, 58.08, 46.87, 53.08, 48.54, 57.17 and 49.57 percentage. The General recovery rate among five subjects also 51.59 percent was estimated.

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the sociodrama intervention can increase the social skills in children with social anxiety disorder.